THE LATE REV. ROBERT CLARK. THE MISSIONS OF THE CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY A~D THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND ZENANA MISSIONARY · SOCIETY IN THE PUNJAB AND SINDH BY THE LATE REv. ROBERT CLARK, M.A. EDITED .AND REPISED BY ROBERT MACONACHIE, LATE I.C.S. LONDON: CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY SALi SBU R Y SQUARE, E.C. 1904 PREFATORY NOTE. --+---- THE first edition of this book was published in 18~5. In 1899 Mr. Robert Clark sent the copy for a second and revised edition, omitting some parts of the original work, adding new matter, and bringing the history of the different branches of the Mission up to date. At the same time he generously remitted a sum of money to cover in part the expense of the new edition. It was his wish that Mr. R. Maconachie, for many years a Civil officer in the Punjab, and a member of the C.M.S. Lahore Corre­ sponding Committee, would edit the book; and this task Mr. Maconachie, who had returned to England and was now a member of the Committee at home, kindly undertook. Before, however, he could go through the revised copy, Mr. Clark died, and this threw the whole responsibility of the work upon the editor. Mr. Maconachie then, after a careful examination of the revision, con­ sidered that the amount of matter provided was more than could be produced for a price at which the book could be sold. He therefore set to work to condense the whole, and this involved the virtual re-writing of some of the chapters. The references to names and statistics have been brought up to the Annual Report for 1902-03. The book may now, therefore, be almost said to have a double authorship. No Mission of the Church Missionary Society has been of greater importance, or has excited greater and more varied interest, than that of the Punjab. Besides the regular and ordinary Mission enterprise started in 1852 at Amritsar, and subsequently extended to many stations, it comprises the unique work at Peshawar, the Medical Missions at Kashmir and on the Afghan Frontier, the Divinity School founded by T. V. French, the itinerant labours of Gordon and Bateman, and the extensive women's work of the Church of England Zenana Society; to say nothing of the Province of Sindh and the Himalaya hill stations. The Mission has been remarkable for its distinguished converts from Mohammedanism, particularly the late Dr. Imad-udcdin; and for the hearty and often munificent iii iv PREFATORY NOTE. co-operation of high Civil and Military officers, including such men as Henry and John Lawrence, Herbert Edwardes and Robert Montgomery, Reynell Taylor and Charles Aitchison. Robert Clark was a graduate of Trinity College, Cambridge, being 28th Wrangler in 1850. In 1851 he went out as one of the first two English missionaries to the Punjab, his comrade being the Rev. T. H. Fitzpatrick. He started successively the important Missions at Amritsar, at Peshawar, and in Kashmir. He assisted T. V. French to found the Lahore Divinity College; he established the Alexandra Christian Girls' Boarding-school; he organized the Punjab Native Church Council; he was for years the Hon. Secretary of the Punjab Bible Society and the Punjab Religious Book Society. He helped the Rev. Dr. Imad-ud-din to prepare Com­ mentaries in the Urdu language on St. Matthew, St. John, and the Acts. When the Diocese of Lahore was established in 1877, and the Punjab and Sindh Missions were removed from the administra­ tion of the Calcutta Corresponding Committee, he became Secretary to the new Punjab and Sindh Corresponding Committee, which office he held for twenty years. His knowledge of the work was, naturally, unequalled. He laboured for nearly half a century; and almost all the stations and the various agencies described in this book were started by him or under his auspices. He died on May 16th, 1900, honoured and beloved by all who knew him. The Punjab Mission is now fifty years old; and in no way can its jubilee be better commemorated than by the publication of such a work as this. No one can read its chapters without perceiving the hand of God in the successive developments of the work, and in the fruit vouchsafed to the labours of the missionaries. The field has been in many ways a hard one. There have been as yet no mass movements towards Christianity, as formerly in Tinnevelly and latterly in Uganda. But the grace of God has been con­ spicuously manifested, and the diligent seed- sowing has already been rewarded by at least the earnest of a coming abundant harvest. E. s. CONTENTS. ------+- PART I. INTRODUOTION. CHAP, PAGE I. THE COMMENCEMENT OF 'rHE PUNJAB :MISSION 1 II. THE :MISSIONARIES 7 III. STATISTICS OF THE SOCIETY 13 IV. THE GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION OF THE :MISSION STATIONS 15 V. THE PEOPLE OF THE PUNJAB AND SINDH 21 VJ. THE CREEDS OF THE PEOPLE OF THE COUNTRY 29 PART II. THE OENTRAL STATIONS OF THE a.M.S. AND THE a.E.Z.M.S. VII. AMRITSAR AND ITS INSTITUTI~NS 34 VIII. BAT.A.LA • 76 IX. UDDOKE. THE STORY OF THE LATE REV, PUNDIT KHARAK SINGH , 86 x. NA.ROW AL • 99 XI. AJN.A.LA AND KHUTRAIN. 105 XII. BAHRWAL, NEAR ATARf. 109 XIII. THE TARAN TARAN VILLAGE MISSION • 112 XIV. JANDIALA. 116 XV. THE CLARKABAD AGRICULTURAL SETTLEMENT. 117 XVI. Low CASTE CONVERTS AND APOSTASIES 122 XVII. LAHORE 128 PART III. THE FRONTIER STATIONS OF THE O.M.S. AND THE O.E.Z.M.S. XVIII. SIMLA AND KoTGARH 146 XIX. KANGRA • 160 XX. KASHMfa • 167 XXI. PESHAWAil AND HAZARA 176 V VI CONTENTS. CHAP. PAGE XXII. THE DERAJAT: BANNU, DERA ISMAIL KHAN, AND TANK 200 XXIII. THE BELUCH MISSION • 213 XXIV. MULTAN 217 XXV. QUETTA • 221 PART IV. THE SINDH J.fISSION OF THE C.M.S. AND THE C.E.Z.M.S. XXVI. KARACHf 224 XXVII. HYDERABAD 226 XXVIII. SUKKUR 228 PART V. OUR PRESENT POSITION AND OPPORTUNITIES. XXIX. THE POLITICAL ASPECT OF MISSIONS , 230 XXX. MISSIONS TO MoHAMMEDANS • 240 XXXI. OUR NEED OF CHOSEN AGENTS 247 XXXII. ORGANIZATION 255 XXXIII. CONCLUSION 258 APPENDICES. APPENDIX I. STATISTICAL TABLES, 1873 TO 1902 263-265 Al'PENDIX II. CHRISTIAN LITERATURE PREPARED RY MEMBERS OF THE C.M.S. AND THE C.E.Z.M.S. IN THE PUNJAB AND SINDH 266-272 INDEX 273 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. ---+-- THE LATE REV. ROBERT CLARK Frontispiece DISTINGUISHED CHRISTIAN RULERS OF THE PUNJAB: LORD LAWRENCE, SIR HERBERT B. EDWARDES, THE REV. H. E. PERKINS, GENERAL REYNELL TAYLOR, COLONEL MARTIN. Facing page 8 SOME PROMINENT PUNJAB MISSIONARIES : BISHOP FRENCH, THE REV. T. H. FITZPATRICK, Miss I. E. V. PETRIE, MISS c. M. TUCKER, THE REV. J. w. KNOTT, THE REV. G. M. GORDON 7 SOME EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE PUNJAB MISSION: BARING HIGH SCHOOL FOR BOYS, BATALA; PART OF BUILDINGS OF KASHMfR HIGH SCHOOL ; ALEXANDRA HIGH SCHOOL FOR GIRLS, AMRITSAR • 78 " SOME NOTABLE CONVERTS: THE REV. DR. IMAD·UD-DIN, THE REV. DAUD SINGH, MISS KHERU BosE, THE REV. KHARAK SINGH, THE REV. IHSAN ULLAH 86 THE CLERGY OF THE DIOCESE OF LAHORE AT THE CONSE· CRATION OF BISHOP LEFROY, ALL SAINTS' DAY, 1899 128 PUNJAB MEDICAL SUB-CONFERENCE, DECEMBER 1901 146 URDU NEW TESTAMENT REVISION COMMITTEE, AND GUR• MUKHI NEW TESTAMENT TRANSLATION AND REVISION COMMITTEE 217 MAPS. MAP OF THE PUNJAB 15 MAP OF THE MOHAMMEDAN LANDS OF THE EAST • 17 Yii THE MISSIONS OF THE C.M.S. AND THE C.E.Z.M.S. IN THE PUNJAB AND SINDH. PART I. INTRODUCTION. CHAPTER I. THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE PUNJAB MISSION. IT was in the year 1846 that an appeal was first made to the Church Missionary Society, by officers of our army and by civilians in India, to urge them to send missionaries to the Punjab, before the country was annexed to British India. The resources of the Society were, however, at that time too limited to allow of this extension in their operations. The liberal contributions of the Jubilee year, together with the continued appeal of civil and military officers, at length prevailed with the Committee. The Mission was undertaken, and the missionaries were appointed. At the very time that this was taking place in England, in the year 1850, God put it into the heart of one of His faithful servants in India, Major Martin, an officer in the East India Company's army, who was then quartered with his regiment in Lahore, to seek, in a very special manner, for God's glory in making Christ's salvation known in the Punjab. He was one who, like Cornelius the centurion, feared God, gave much alms, and prayed to God always. His habit was, for some hours every day, to shut the doors .of his closet for prayer, and then he came forth to act for God with a purpose and a courage which were everywhere blessed in all that he un~ertook. As he loved to pray in secret, so also he loved to work m secret; and when the second Sikh war terminated with the annexation of the whole of Runjeet Singh's dominions, after the battle of Gujrat, our centurion friend first laboured fervently in . I 2 PUNJAB AND SINDH MISSIONS. his prayers to God for the country and people of the Punjab, and then anonymously, and as he thought secretly, sent Rs. 10,000 to the Church Missionary Society, with the request that they would commence missionary work in our new dependency. He did so through an American Presbyterian missionary, the Rev.