計画系 718 号 日本建築学会計画系論文集 第80巻 第718号，2923-2933， 2015年12月 【カテゴリーⅠ】 J. Archit. Plann., AIJ, Vol. 80 No. 718, 2923-2933, Dec., 2015 DOI http://doi.org/10.3130/aija.80.2923 サンボー・プレイ・クック遺跡群にみる初期クメール建築の多様性 DIVERSITYࢧ࣮࣭ࣥ࣎ࣉࣞ࢖࣭ࢡࢵࢡ㑇㊧⩌࡟ࡳࡿึᮇࢡ࣓࣮ࣝᘓ⠏ࡢከᵝᛶ OF THE PRIMITIVE KHMER ARCHITECTURE IN SAMBOR PREI KUK DIVERSITY OF THE PRIMITIVE下 田 KHMER 一 太＊，中 ARCHITECTURE 川 武＊＊ IN SAMBOR PREI KUK Ichita SHIMODA and Takeshi NAKAGAWA ୗ⏣ ୍ኴ 㸪୰ᕝṊ Ichita SHIMODA and Takeshi NAKAGAWA In this paper, we attempted to classify the architectural style of brick shrines at the Sambor Prei Kuk monuments that is located in the central area of Cambodia and is recognized as the largest architectural complex in the Pre-Angkor period. A total of 28 brick shrines which are relatively well conserved in this group of monuments were selected and analyzed from several points of view; form of plan, interior form and layout of the pedestal in main chamber, form and roo�ng structure of antechamber, form of elevation, and form of corbel arch roo�ng of main chamber. As a result of above analysis, it was clari�ed that the variety of the architectural forms are mixed and irregularly arranged in this group of monuments. Diversi�ed style of brick shrines in the Pre-Angkor disappeared after the commencement of Angkor period in the 9th century. Architectural style of brick shrines was standardized in the Angkor period; thereafter the main construction material for the major structures in temple complex shifted from brick to sandstone in the beginning of the 11th century. The peak of brick architectures was reached in the Pre-Angkor period, and it was the most outstanding expression through design, structure, and construction technique in the shrines at the Sambor Prei Kuk. Keywords: Southeast Asia, Cambodia, Pre-Angkor, Brick structure, ISANAPURA ᮾ༡࢔ࢪ࢔㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࢔㸪ࣉ࣭ࣞ࢔ࣥࢥ࣮ࣝ㸪↢⎰㑇ᵓ㸪࢖࣮ࢩࣕࢼࣉࣛ 1. ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ 㸦V. Goloubew㸧࡟ࡼࡿ1927ᖺࡢⓎ᥀ㄪᰝ3㸧ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⿵㊊ࡍࡿᘓ⠏┠ ࠉࢧ࣮࣭ࣥ࣎ࣉࣞ࢖࣭ࢡࢵࢡࡣᮾ༡࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢึᮇ㞟ᶒᅜᐙࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ 㘓ࢆ1935ᖺ࡟㏣⿵ࡋࡓ4㸧ࠋࣃ࣐ࣝࣥࢸ࢕࢚࡟ࡼࡿࡇࢀࡽ୍㐃ࡢ◊✲ ࡿࢳ࢙ࣥࣛ⋤ᮅࡢ⋤㒔࢖࣮ࢩࣕࢼࣉࣛ࡟ẚᐃࡉࢀࡿ㑇㊧⩌࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸵 ᡂᯝࡣ㸪ࣉ࣭ࣞ࢔ࣥࢥ࣮ࣝᮇࡢᘓ⠏ࢆ⥙⨶ࡋࡓ၏୍ࡢ㈨ᩱ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ୡ⣖ึ㢌࡟᭱┒ᮇࢆ㏄࠼ࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇࡢ⋤㒔ࡣ㸪ᮾᆅ༊࡟ከᩘ ࠉᮏ✏ࡣࣃ࣐ࣝࣥࢸ࢕࢚ࡢᡂᯝࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼㸪㏆ᖺ➹⪅ࡽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㐍ࡵࡽ ࡢ↢⎰㐀㑇ᵓࡼࡾ࡞ࡿࣄࣥࢻ࣮ࢗᩍᑎ㝔⩌ࢆ㓄ࡋ㸪すᆅ༊࡟ࡣ୍㎶ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⌧ᆅㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝࢆࡶ࡜࡟㸪ࢧ࣮࣭ࣥ࣎ࣉࣞ࢖࣭ࢡࢵࢡ㑇㊧⩌ ⣙2kmࡢ᪉ᙧࡢ㒔ᇛᆅ༊ࢆᵓ࠼ࡿࠋᮾᆅ༊࡟ࡣ㸪Prasat Sambor㸦໭ᑎ ࡢ↢⎰㐀⚆ᇽࡢᘓ⠏ᙧᘧ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ศᯒࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㏆ᖺࡢㄪᰝ࡛ 㝔㸧㸪Prasat Yeai Poeun㸦༡ᑎ㝔㸧㸪Prasat Tao㸦୰ኸᑎ㝔㸧ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ ᪂ࡓ࡟グ㘓ࡉࢀࡓ㑇ᵓࡶከࡃ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟ィ133ࢧ࢖ࢺࢆᩘ࠼ࡿ࡟⮳ ࡋ࡚㸪9ୡ⣖࡟㛤ᮅࡍࡿ࢔ࣥࢥ࣮ࣝ⋤ᮅ࡟ඛ❧ࡗ࡚㛤ⰼࡋࡓࣉ࣭ࣞ࢔ ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢࢧ࢖ࢺࡢ୰࡟ࡣ」ᩘࡢ↢⎰㑇ᵓ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿ」ྜ ࣥࢥ࣮ࣝ᫬௦ࡢ㐀ᙧⱁ⾡ࢆ௦⾲ࡍࡿከᩘࡢᘓ⠏ࡸ᙮ീࡀṧࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ⓗ࡞ᑎ㝔ࡶከࡃྵࡳ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ↢⎰㑇ᵓࢆಶู࡟ィᩘࡍࡿ࡜㑇㊧⩌඲ ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡽࡢసရࡣ࢖ࣥࢻள኱㝣ࡼࡾཷᐜࡋࡓⱁ⾡ⓗ≉ᚩࢆⰍ⃰ࡃṧ య࡛ࡢ↢⎰㑇ᵓᩘࡣ291ᇶ࡟ࡢࡰࡿ5㸧ࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪ከࡃࡢ㑇ᵓࡣᦆയࡀⴭ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ୍᪉࡛㸪ᚋ࡟࢔ࣥࢥ࣮ࣝ᫬௦ࡢ㐀ᙧⱁ⾡࡬࡜ᒎ㛤ࡍࡿᆅᇦ໬ ࡋࡃ㸪ᔂቯࡋ࡚࣐࢘ࣥࢻ࡜໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡶᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪 ࡬ࡢⴌⱆࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᮏ✏࡛ࡣⰋዲ࡞≧ែ࡛ᘓ⠏ᙧᘧࡢศᯒ࡟㈨ࡍࡿ28ᇶࡢ↢⎰㐀⚆ᇽ࡟ᑐ ࠉ1890ᖺ௦࡟㑇㊧⩌ࡀⓎぢࡉࢀ࡚௨᮶㸪ᗄே࠿ࡢࣇࣛࣥࢫே⪃ྂᏛ⪅ ㇟ࢆ⤠ࡾ⪃ᐹࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ1㸧ࠋ ࡀᘓ⠏㑇ᵓࡢグ㏙ࡸ◊✲࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇࡔࡀ㸪ึࡵ࡚⥙⨶ⓗ࡞ヲ㏙ࢆ㐩ᡂ ࠉࡲࡓ㸪㑇㊧⩌࡟ࡣ࢔ࣥࢥ࣮ࣝᮇ௨㝆࡟ᨵኚࡸቑ⠏ࡀຍ࠼ࡽࢀࡓ㑇ᵓ ࡋࡓࡢࡣࣃ࣐ࣝࣥࢸ࢕࢚㸦H. Parmentier㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᙼࡣࢳࣕࣥࣃᘓ⠏ ࡶㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ㑇㊧⩌ࡢ໭᪉࡟఩⨨ࡍࡿRobang Romeasᑎ㝔⩌ࡸSrei ࡢ◊✲ࢆ⓶ษࡾ࡟㸪࢖ࣥࢻࢩࢼ඲ᇦࡢྂ௦ࣄࣥࢻ࣮࣭ࢗ௖ᩍᘓ⠏ࢆᜳ Krup Leakᑎ㝔⩌࡟ࡶ㸪ẚ㍑ⓗⰋዲ࡞≧ែࡢ㑇ᵓࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ࡑࢀࡽ ⓙⓗ࡟ㄪᰝࡋ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ࢖ࣥࢻᘓ⠏࡟ࡶ◊✲ࢆᒎ㛤ࡋࡓಠ▔ⓗ࡞ぢ㆑ ࡣ࢔ࣥࢥ࣮ࣝᮇ࡟ᘓ❧ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡸ㸪ቑᨵ⠏ࡢᡭࡀຍ࠼ࡽࢀࡓ㑇ᵓ࡛ ࢆࡶࡘ㝶୍ࡢ┠฼ࡁ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࢧ࣮࣭ࣥ࣎ࣉࣞ࢖࣭ࢡࢵࢡ㑇㊧⩌࡟௦⾲ ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ⪃ᐹࡢᑐ㇟እ࡜ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪୰ኸᑎ㝔ࡢ୺⚆ᇽ㸦C1㸧ࡣ㸪୸ ࡉࢀࡿࣉ࣭ࣞ࢔ࣥࢥ࣮ࣝᮇࡢᘓ⠏ࢆ㸪࢔ࣥࢥ࣮ࣝᮇ࡟ඛ⾜ࡍࡿᘓ⠏ᵝ ᙮ࡢ⊺Ꮚീࡸ⿦㣭ࣜࣥࢸࣝࡢ⨾⾡ᵝᘧ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪୍⯡ⓗ࡞Ṕྐ༊ศ࡛ ᘧ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕึᮇࢡ࣓࣮ࣝᘓ⠏㸦L'art Khmèr Primitif㸧ࠖ࡜࠸࠺᪂ࡓ࡞༊ ࠸࠼ࡤ࢔ࣥࢥ࣮ࣝ᭱ึᮇࡢᘓ❧࡜᥎ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ6, 7㸧㸪ᘓ❧ᖺ௦ࡢ᰿ ศࢆࡶࡗ࡚఩⨨࡙ࡅࡓࠋ ᣐࡣ⬤ᙅ࡛ࣉ࣭ࣞ࢔ࣥࢥ࣮ࣝᮇ࡟㐳ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜㸪ࡲࡓࣃ࣐ࣝ ࠉᙼࡣ1911ᖺ࡟ࢧ࣮࣭ࣥ࣎ࣉࣞ࢖࣭ࢡࢵࢡ㑇㊧⩌࡟࠾ࡅࡿㄪᰝࢆ㛤ጞ ࣥࢸ࢕࢚ࡀࢡ࣮ࣞࣥᒣ୰࡟఩⨨ࡋྠ᫬௦࡜⪃࠼ࡓ↢⎰㐀⚆ᇽࢆࠕึᮇ ࡋ㸪1913ᖺ࡟ࡣ୺せ࡞㑇ᵓࡢከࡃࢆሗ࿌ࡋࡓ1㸧ࠋࡑࡢᚋ㸪1925ᖺࡢ㏣ ࢡ࣓࣮ࣝᘓ⠏ࠖࡢ୰࡛ㄽࡌࡓ㢸㸦ࡦࡑࡳ㸧࡟ೌࡗ࡚㸪᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࣉ࣭ࣞ ㄪᰝࢆࡶࡗ࡚㸪ᮏ㑇㊧⩌ࡢ⚆ᇽ55ᇶࢆྵࡴࣉ࣭ࣞ࢔ࣥࢥ࣮ࣝᮇࡢᘓ⠏ ࢔ࣥࢥ࣮ࣝᮇࡢᘓ⠏ᙧᘧ࡟ᙉࡃ౫Ꮡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࡇࢀ ࢆໟᣓࡋࡓグ㘓ࢆከᩘࡢᅗ∧࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㞟ᡂࡋࡓ2㸧ࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪ࢦࣝ࣋࢘ ࢆ⪃ᐹᑐ㇟࡟ྵࡵࡓࠋ *＊ 筑波኱Ꮫே㛫⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉ࠉຓᩍ࣭༤ኈ㸦ᘓ⠏Ꮫ㸧 Assistant Professor, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Dr. Architecture 筑波大学人間総合科学研究科 助教・博士（建築学） Assist. Prof., Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of ** 早稲田大学理工学術院 教授・工博 Prof., SchoolTsukuba, of Science Dr.Arch. and Engineering, Waseda University, Dr. Eng. ＊＊ 早稲田大学理工学術院 教授・工博 Prof., School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Dr.Eng. ─ 2923 ─ 計画系 718 号 2. ᖹ㠃ᙧᘧ 㢮ࡢᑎ㝔ᙧᘧࡀつᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢡ࣓࣮ࣝᘓ⠏࡟࠾࠸࡚ᚋ⪅஧ᙧᘧࡣ ࠉ㑇㊧⩌ෆࡢ↢⎰㐀⚆ᇽࡢᖹ㠃ᙧ≧ࡣࠕṇ᪉ᙧࠖ㸪ࠕዟ⾜ࡁࢆ㛗㍈࡜ ⛥࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ඵゅᙧᖹ㠃ࡢ㑇ᵓࡀᙜ㑇㊧⩌࡟」ᩘ࠶ࡿ௚㸪ࣂ࢖ࣚࣥᑎ ࡍࡿ㛗᪉ᙧࠖ㸪ࠕṇඵゅᙧࠖ㸪ࠕᩳ㎶ࡢ▷࠸ඵゅᙧࠖࡢᅄ✀࡟኱ูࡉ 㝔ࡢ୰ኸሪࡣኚ๎ⓗࡔࡀ෇ᙧ⚆ᇽ࡜ぢ೴ࡍࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁ㸪ࡑࡢ௚➹⪅ࡣ ࢀࡿὀ1㸧㸦⾲1㸧ࠋᘓ≀እቨࡢᖹ㠃ᙧ≧࡜ᐊෆࡢᖹ㠃ᙧ≧ࡣྠㄪࡍࡿࠋ ᐇぢࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀPhnom Chidos࡜࠸࠺෇ᙧᖹ㠃ࡢ↢⎰⚆ᇽࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ ࢡ࣓࣮ࣝᘓ⠏ࡢ୰࡛ඵゅᙧᖹ㠃ࡢ㑇ᵓࡣᙜ㑇㊧⩌ࡢ௚࡛ࡣ⟶ぢࡢཬࡪ ࡚࠸ࡿ10㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟࢖ࣥࢻࡢ୰ୡᘓ⠏᭩࡟グࡉࢀࡓ୕✀㢮ࡢᖹ㠃ᙧ ⠊ᅖ࡛ࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ᮏ✏࡛ࡢㄪᰝᑐ㇟㑇ᵓࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪N7, S7, S8, ≧ࡀᥞࡗ࡚ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ S9, S10, S11, Y1ࡢ7⚆ᇽࡀඵゅᙧᖹ㠃࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ௚࡟ࡶᮏ㑇㊧⩌࡛ ࠉ㑇㊧⩌ෆࡢ↢⎰㐀⚆ᇽࡢᖹ㠃つᶍࢆᏊ⣽࡟᥇ᑍࡍࡿ࡜㸪ྛ⚆ᇽࡣಶ ࡣPrasat Tropeang Ropeakࡢ๪⚆ᇽ4ᇶ㸦Z2~Z5㸧࡜㒔ᇛෆࡢKhnach Tol ู࡟␗࡞ࡿᘓ⠏ィ⏬࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪໭ ᑎ㝔ෆࡢ2ᇶࡀඵゅᙧᖹ㠃ࡢ⚆ᇽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋຍ࠼࡚㸪☜ㄆࡉࢀࡿ⠊ᅖ࡛ ᑎ㝔࡟࠾࠸࡚୺⚆ᇽࢆྲྀࡾᕳ࠸࡚఩⨨ࡍࡿṇ᪉ᙧᖹ㠃ࡢ๪⚆ᇽࡸ㸪༡ ࡣඵゅᙧᖹ㠃ࡢ⚆ᇽ࡟ࡣ෇ᙧྎᗙࡀᏳ⨨ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪 ᑎ㝔ࡢඵゅᙧ⚆ᇽࡣ㸪୍ぢࡋ࡚ྠࡌᙧᘧ㸪つᶍࡢᘓ⠏࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ぢ ୰ኸᑎ㝔ෆ࡛ಽቯࡋࡓ⚆ᇽ࡟ࡣ෇ᙧࡢྎᗙ∦ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢࡀ࠶ ࠼ࡿࡀ㸪N9࡜N10⚆ᇽࡢᖹ㠃つᶍࡀ࡯ࡰྠᑍ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ၏୍ࡢ౛እ ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢ⚆ᇽࡶࡲࡓඵゅᙧᖹ㠃࡛࠶ࡗࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ❚ࢃࢀࡿࠋ ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ఞ⸛ࡢ୰࡛ᑐ⛠ⓗ࡞఩⨨࡟㓄ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⚆ᇽ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪ྠ ࠉఞ⸛ෆࡢ⚆ᇽࡢ㓄⨨࡜ᖹ㠃ᙧᘧ࡟᭷ព࡞㛵ಀࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ౛࠼ つᶍࡢ㑇ᵓࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗ2㸧ࠋ ࡤ໭ᑎ㝔ࡢ๪⚆ᇽᅄᇶࡣඵゅᙧ࡜ṇ᪉ᙧࡢᖹ㠃ᙧᘧࡀΰᅾࡋ࡚㓄⨨ࡉ ࠉከࡃࡢ⚆ᇽࡣṇ㠃ࡢࡳ࡟㛤ཱྀࡋ㸪ᡬࢆ⤒࡚୺ᐊ࡟⮳ࡿ๓࡟ᑠ✵㛫㸦 ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡲࡓ༡ᑎ㝔ࡢ๪⚆ᇽ஬ᇶࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶඵゅᙧᖹ㠃ࡔࡀ㸪ṇඵ ๓ᡣ㸧ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ⚆ᇽ࡜┤᥋୺ᐊ࡟⮳ࡿ⚆ᇽ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ኱༙ࡢ⚆ᇽ࡛ࡣ ゅᙧ࡜ᩳ㎶ࡢ▷࠸ඵゅᙧ⚆ᇽ࡜ࡀΰᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ṇ㠃ࡢ㛤ཱྀ㒊࿘ࡾࡣᙇࡾฟࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪␲ఝⓗ࡟๓ᐊࢆ⾲⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦 ࠉᮾ༡࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ௖ᩍ࣭ࣄࣥࢻ࣮ࢗᩍࡢ↢⎰㐀ᑎ㝔࡟ど㔝ࢆᗈࡆࡿ࡜㸪 ␲ఝ๓ᐊ㸧ࠋṧࡾࡢྛ㠃࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ቨయ୰ኸࢆእഃ࡟ᙇࡾฟࡋ␲ఝ ඵゅᙧᖹ㠃ࡢ⚆ᇽ౛ࡣ࣐ࣞ࢖ࢩ࢔ࡢBujang Valley࡟఩⨨ࡍࡿCandi Bukit ๓ᐊࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࢱ࢖ࣉ࡜㸪␲ఝ๓ᐊࡢ࡞࠸ᖹᆠ࡞ቨయࡢࢱ࢖ࣉ࡟኱ูࡉ Pendiat (Site17)ࡸ㸪ࢱ࢖ࡢU Thong㑇㊧ࡸFa Daet㑇㊧ (Site10)㸪ࡲࡓ࣋ ࢀࡿࠋࢳ࢙ࣥࡣ␲ఝ๓ᐊ࡟ࡼࡿᙇࡾฟࡋ㒊ࡢᵓ㐀ⓗ࡞ព⩏ࢆ㔜どࡋ㸪 ࢺࢼ࣒ࡢBangan㑇㊧➼࡟ᑡᩘ࡞ࡀࡽㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࢆࣂࢵࢺࣞࢫ㸦᥍࠼ቨ㸧࡜࿧ࡧ㸪ࣉ࣭ࣞ࢔ࣥࢥ࣮ࣝᮇࡢ⚆ᇽ࡟ᑐ ࠉ୰ୡ࢖ࣥࢻࡢᘓ⠏᭩ࢩࣝࣃ࣭ࢩ࣮ࣕࢫࢺࣛ(Shilpa Sastras)ࡢ୰࡛ࡶ ࡋ࡚㸪9ୡ⣖௨㝆ࡢ⚆ᇽ࡛ࡣ␲ఝ๓ᐊࡢᙇࡾฟࡋࡀὸࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪ᨭᣢᵓ㐀 ௦⾲ⓗ࡞࣐࣮ࢼࢧ࣮ࣛ8㸧ࡸ࣐࣐ࣖࢱ9㸧࡛ࡣ⚆ᇽࡢᖹ㠃ᙧ≧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚グ య࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᙺ๭ࡀῶ㏥ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ11㸧ࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪ࢧ࣮࣭ࣥ࣎ ㏙ࡉࢀ㸪ࠕṇ᪉ᙧ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㛗᪉ᙧ(Nagara)ࠖ㸪ࠕභゅᙧ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣඵゅ ࣉࣞ࢖࣭ࢡࢵࢡ㑇㊧⩌ෆࡢ↢⎰㐀⚆ᇽ࡟㝈ࡗ࡚ࡶࡇࡢᙇࡾฟࡋᑍἲࡣ ᙧ(Dravida)ࠖࡑࡋ࡚ࠕ෇ᙧ㸪ᴃ෇ᙧ㸪࢔ࣉࢫᙧ(Vesara)ࠖ࡜࠸࠺୕✀ ୍ᵝ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪౛࠼ࡤN24⚆ᇽࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᙇࡾฟࡋࡀᴟࡵ࡚ὸ࠸␲ఝ๓ᐊ ࡛ࡣ⿦㣭ⓗ࡞⾲⌧ࢆ୺ࡓࡿ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ㸪ᵓ㐀ⓗ࡞ᙺ๭ࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ᮇᚅ࡛ ࡁ࡞࠸㑇ᵓࡀ࠶ࡿ➼㸪ㄪᰝᑐ㇟ࢆᗈࡆࡿࡇ࡜࡛౛እⓗ࡞㑇ᵓࡶྵࡲࢀ ⾲ࠉࢧ࣮࣭ࣥ࣎ࣉࣞ࢖࣭ࢡࢵࢡ㑇㊧⩌ࡢ୺せ࡞↢⎰⚆ᇽ࡜࢔ࣥࢥ࣮ ࣝ᫬௦ࡢ↢⎰㐀⚆ᇽࡢᘓ⠏ᙧᘧࡢศ㢮㸦๓ᡣࡢᖹ㠃ᙧᘧࡢศ㢮ࡣᅗ 㸪ࣜࣥࢸࣝࡢᯛᩘࡣᅗࢆཧ↷࡟ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ࡞࠾㸪ṧᏑࡏࡎ☜ㄆ࡛ ࡁ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡣ ࡜⾲グࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸧 6KULQH 3ODQ )LJ $QWHFKDPEHU 5RRI &REHOOLQJ ໭ᑎ㝔 VWHS OLQHDU 1DPH ,'1R VTXDUH )LJ ORZWLHU 6RPDVXWUD KLJKWLHU UHFWDQJOH UHIUDFWLRQ &RGH1R RFWDJRQDO 1XPEHURI/LQWHO 7\SHRISODQ )LJ HTXLODWHUDORFWDJRQDO 1 2 ; 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