International Journal of Innovative and Emerging Research in Engineering Volume 4, Issue 3, 2017 Available online at www.ijiere.com International Journal of Innovative and Emerging Research in Engineering e-ISSN: 2394 - 3343 p-ISSN: 2394 - 5494 Critical Analysis of Solid Waste Management in Bharuch City, Gujarat, India Mr. Mihirkumar D. Patela, Mr. Nayankumar P. Sonib and Miss. Dhwani J. Prajapatic a Student, Civil Engineering Department, SVMIT, Bharuch, India. [email protected] b Assistant Professor & Head, Civil Engineering Department, SVMIT, Bharuch, India. [email protected] c Student, Civil Engineering Department, SVMIT, Bharuch, India. [email protected] ABSTRACT: In the developing country like India, the current scenario is more focused on urban development by following the existing global trends of smart city development. Along with the development of smart cities development of clean cities is the foremost requirement. In small cities like Bharuch, solid waste management is a burning issue and hence in this project, improved solid waste management for Bharuch is studied, analyzed and a SWM model for Bharuch will be proposed considering smart city aspects Keywords: Waste Management, Solid Waste, Bharuch, Bharuch Nagarpalika, Waste Disposal, Waste Storage, Landfill I. INTRODUCTION Urban occupations generally generates higher income whether in factories or in the service sector or in small business. Higher incomes increase level of consumptions. The impact on this generation in the urban area, is a mixed effect of the proportionate increase in the urban population, improved levels of income and drastic changes in the pattern of the consumptions. 72% of Indian population lives in small-scale towns and villages.[Source: census 2011 ] Municipal solid waste (MSW) generation, in terms of kg/capita/day, is showing an increasing trend. MSW management is one of the major problems faced by these local bodies. Due attention is not paid for MSWM due to small quantity of waste generated by individual towns and villages surrounding them. Waste management is the collection, transport, processing or disposal, managing and monitoring of waste materials. The term usually relates to materials produced by human activity and the process is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health and the environment. Waste management is a distinct practice from resource recovery. Which focuses on delaying the rate of consumption of natural resources. Generally, waste management tends to treat all waste materials as a single class, whether solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive. substances, and attempt to reduce the harmful environmental impacts of each through different methods. Figure 1 : State wise details regarding waste generation, collection and treatment (Source: Hindustan Times-2016) 21 International Journal of Innovative and Emerging Research in Engineering Volume 4, Issue 3, 2017 II. STUDY AREA Bharuch city is geographically at 21˚42’North Latitude and 72˚58’ East Longitude with an average elevation of 15 meters above sea level.[Source: chapter 11,‘A Study of Tourism in Gujarat: A Geographical Perspective-sodhyatra] Figure 2: Location of Bharuch on the map of Gujarat (Source: Political Maps-India) Now a days, Bharuch city acts as a commercial center for the adjoining towns and villages which depend upon it for the procurement of daily need items such as food items, clothes etc. III. OBJECTIVES Preparation of detail project report for integrated solid waste management. To provide data, in the form of case study that help in integrating the waste in a sustainable method of managing solid waste. To provide data, that support the use of life cycle inventory as a tool for environmental and economic optimization of solid waste management systems. To present detail data on current waste management practices such as waste generation, collection, disposal, sorting, biological; thermal treatment, recycling. To analyze the existing solid waste management system. To ensure safe disposal of waste. Project scheduling & cost estimates. Project phasing to prepare Action Plan IV. METHODOLOGY Proposed integrated MSWM system is based on the feasibility study of various options as done in the earlier chapter. Looking at the existing spatial growth pattern, topography, social status, administrative setup, existing technology used, transportation system and the disposal and treatment pattern the proposed plan has been finalized. The proposed plan has been divided into following phases. A. Primary collection Primary collection of segregated municipal solid waste from individual households and establishments is accomplished through the use of tipping vehicles and compactors depending on the terrain of the locality, hierarchy of roads and quantity of total wastes generated from a single dustbin. The tipping vehicles will cover about 1400 households (HH) per day and once filled up to its full capacity; the waste will be transported to the scientific landfill site. The tipping vehicles will be divided into two partition one for Bio Degradable and the other for Non Bio Degradable. B. Secondary collection and Transportation In the proposed system, storage of waste in open dumps has been totally eliminated. The indicators used in order to decide of the location of the proposed dustbins are as follows 1. Identified open dumping locations 2. Major landmarks 3. Existing secondary collection points 4. Slums The capacities of proposed secondary dustbins are decided on the basis of 1. Frequency of collection 2. Quantity of waste generation 22 International Journal of Innovative and Emerging Research in Engineering Volume 4, Issue 3, 2017 C. Treatment/processing facility and Disposal facility Waste can be divided into broadly three categories 1. Bio degradable 2. Recyclable 3. Inert waste [Source: Solid waste management challenges for cities in developing countries: A review by Lilliana Abarca Guerrero a,⇑ , Ger Maas a , William Hogland b] Bio degradable wastes are treated through windrow compositing. Recyclables are segregated through the process of pre sorting and further recycled through RDF technology. Inert wastes will be dumped in landfill site. Inert waste mainly includes silt generated from drains and from processing plants. The vehicle to be used for collection of drain silt, will empty it at the landfill site to be used for daily and weekly covering purpose. After analysis of the waste characterization and feasibility analysis the following option has been proposed for treatment and disposal at Bharuch city. 1. Windrow Composting 2. Refuse Derived Fuel 3. Eco Brick Technology 4. Scientific Landfill Site The project activity includes aerobic composting, RDF technology and production of Eco Bricks through C&D waste to process the existing municipal solid waste. The source of waste generation are mainly from households and from commercial and institutional areas. The wastes generated from households are carried by auto tipper and wastes generated from commercial and institutional areas are carried by the proposed compactors or dumper placers from the secondary collection points. The wastes are than carried to waste reception center at processing site. V. CASE STUDIES Bharuch is a small city located near Narmada River. It has an average elevation of 588 metres (1929 feet). The Bharuch Municipal Corporation (BMC) area has a population of almost 18391. [Source: Census of India 2011 ] and an area of 8.36 km2 Solid waste management is a statutory function and Bharuch Municipal Corporation (BMC) is responsible for the management of MSW generated in the city. The city is divided into 14 electoral wards and all operations of solid waste management (SWM) in this area are performed under four heads – sweeping, collection, transportation and disposal. The present system of solid waste management in Bharuch city, which is divided into stages for better understanding how BMC treat with solid waste. [Source: Bharuch Municipal Corporation] 25000 20000 15000 10000 Population Household 5000 0 Figure 3: Ward wise population and Household of Bharuch city (Source: Census 2011) Primary Collection A. Door – To –Door Collection Option 1 (tricycles) Door – To – Door collection of waste to be done through containerized cycle rickshaws. Waste collection will collect waste on a day-to-day basis in two type of bins – green bins for biodegradable and blue/black bins for non-biodegradable Option 2 (Auto tipper LCV with 1.8 cum capacity) The tipper truck to collect wastes from households. The tipper truck would blow horn at a particular time in day, and the residents would come up from their wastes. The tripper truck would be having two compartments. One will consist of bio degradable waste while the other will be having non-biodegradable waste. 23 International Journal of Innovative and Emerging Research in Engineering Volume 4, Issue 3, 2017 Comparison between the processes of door-to-door 1400 collection 1400 1200 1000 1000 800 868 600 165 400 60 120 250 537.2 200 165 0 30 33135 tricycles auto-trippers Figure 4: Comparison between the processes of door-to-door collection (Source: Bharuch Municipal Corporation) As shown in Figure 4 the capital cost of tricycles are less than the auto tippers. But, the O&M cost is found to be lesser and the life cycle is found to be higher for the auto tippers. Even the auto tipper is able to cover more households in lesser time period. So, auto tippers have been proposed for the collection of wastes at DTDC level. Man