Examples from Singapore Hwang Yu-Ning URBAN OUR MISSION REDEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY To make Singapore a great city to live, work and play in 1 Outline . Context of planning in Singapore . Public Housing programme . one north . [if there’s time] Singapore River, Tanjong Rhu, Marina Bay, Southern Ridges . Lee Kuan Yew World City Prize 2 South Korea China India Vietnam Philippines 2 SINGAPORE 710 km Indonesia 5 million population Singapore Has Limited Land • One of the most densely populated cities in the world • Smaller than other cities Land Area: 710 km2 • No hinterland, unlike other cities Population: 5 mil City centre 4 Competing Land Needs Housing Port Airport Commerce Parks Industry Water treatment & storage5 Constraints on our Developments Port Airport Power Station Water treatment plant Industry 6 Safeguard Sufficient Land for Good Quality of Life 7 Sustainable Development in Singapore Economic growth Culture and Heritage Cohesive Community Pro-Business Environmental Environment Responsibility Key Objective Balancing economic growth and development to achieve Sustained Economic Growth – Resource Efficiency and Security & High Quality Living Environment – Clean, Green, Healthy, Pleasant Environment Overview Resource Pollution Transport Greening/ Management Control Management Biodiversity Land Use Planning Resource Management: Water ENSURING A DIVERSIFIED, ADEQUATE AND SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY OF WATER Four National Taps CLOSING THE WATER LOOP From sourcing, collection, purification and supply of drinking water, to treatment of used water and turning it into NEWater, drainage of storm water Rain Sea NEWater Direct Non- Potable Use The Deep Tunnel Sewerage System a wastewater conveyance, treatment and disposal system will replace the existing sewage treatment works and 139 pumping stations located at various parts of Singapore Deep Tunnel Sewerage System CHANGI WRP Resource Management: Waste Waste Management System All waste: 54% recycled, 43% incinerated, 3% landfill Semakau – Not just an offshore landfill.. …but an ecologically vibrant one 50s & 60s: Housing shortage, inadequate Infrastructure Extreme • No investment for 100 yrs Deterioration • Many on brink of collapse • 25% of population lived on 1% of land • Severe Overcrowding 124 people in one shophouse Planning in Response to Needs Jurong Industrial Estate 19 1960s & 70s 20 Provision of homes and basic infrastructure and facilities Concept Plan : Long-term, Holistic and Integrated Planning 1971 1991 2001 Ensuring our long-term needs are met 23 Planning in Partnership Housing and Land Transport Public Development Board Authority Utilities HOUSING DEVELOPMENT BOARD Board Singapore Jurong Land Town Authority Corporation National Urban Singapore Environment Redevelopment Tourism Agency Authority Board National Preservation Parks of Monuments Board Board Building & Construction Singapore Civil Aviation Authority Authority Sports Council of Singapore Master Plan : Safeguards Land for Various Uses for the Short To Medium Term Master Plan 2008 25 PUBLIC HOUSING IN SINGAPORE Singapore in the ‘60s Home ownership for the People Programme (1964) • Massive building programme • Nation of owners, not tenants – Ownership builds nationhood – Provides stake in country’s economic progress – Gives people something to cherish and defend circa Late 1960s 21 C12 1963 22 C14 Public Housing in Singapore In early years Rapid population growth, severe housing shortage 1947 – 1959 : • Population grew from 938,000 to approx 1.6 million • Only 40,000 housing units built • 1 housing unit for every 16 persons Initially, HDB built basic but highly functional housing • Self-contained units with electricity and piped water By 1969, HDB marked completion of 100,000 housing units Copyright © 2011 Housing & Development Board Public Housing in Singapore Today’s context Singapore Population • Total population : 5.08 million • Resident population : 3.77 million Public Housing • About 900,000 HDB flats under management • About 82% of Singapore resident population live in public housing • Over 90 % of households living in home ownership flats. * Information as of 2010 Copyright © 2011 Housing & Development Board Life-cycle needs and aspirations Help newlyweds buy first flat Maintain & build up flat value Help retirees monetise their flats For the young couple • Buy a subsidised new HDB flat • Get a grant of $30,000 - $40,000 to buy resale flat • Obtain subsidised loan from HDB • Debt servicing ratio of first-time flat buyer = 20% For the aspiring family • Choice of larger flats • Executive condominiums and DBSS flats • Second concessionary housing loan for upgrading The Premiere@Tampines Artist’s impression only For the maturing estate • Various upgrading & renewal programmes • Neighbourhood renewal • Lift upgrading • Flat upgrading • Full redevelopment • Allow older estates to be on par with new estates • Encourage younger families to move in Toa Payoh redevelopment Family and social cohesion • Additional grant for staying with or near parents • Multi-generational precinct facilities • Mix of flats within every estate • Ethnic Integration Programme – Quota system to ensure good mix of races Rental Flats • Not all can afford home ownership – Government’s role: ensure roof over their heads • For poor and needy we build heavily- subsidised rental flats – S$30 per month • About 5% of HDB’s stock (40,000) 23 Towns Developed Through The Decades SEMBAWANG WOODLANDS YISHUN PUNGGOL SENGKANG CHOA CHU CHANGI KANG VILLAGE ANG MO KIO BUKIT PANJANG PASIR RIS HOUGANG BISHAN BUKIT BATOK SERANGOON CHANGI JURONG WEST TAMPINES AIRPORT BUKIT TIMAH ESTATE TOA PAYOH JURONG GEYLANG BEDOK EAST FARRER ROAD KALLANG WHAMPOA CLEMENTI ESTATE MARINE PARADE ESTATE CENTRAL QUEENSTOWN AREA BUKIT MERAH LRT LINES AND STATIONS Copyright © 2011 Housing & Development Board Total living environment New towns planned with greenery, amenities and facilities Urban design - streetscapes, pedestrian linkages Public Housing 1960s 2000s • Cornerstone of Singapore’s successful public housing programme is our Home 1980s Ownership policy, introduced in 1964. Remaking Singapore HDB Heartlands Rejuvenation and Regeneration of old, middle- aged and newer HDB towns Public Housing – self contained and built on sustainable principles Commercial Centres A structure of commercial centres fanning out from the Central Area, to bring jobs closer to homes Tampines Novena One-north CENTRAL AREA REGIONAL CENTRES SUB-REGIONAL CENTRES FRINGE CENTRES 1970s: started building science parks After close to 3 decades of experimenting with the mono-use work-zoned environments of science parks and business parks, Singapore has come to realize that the these mono-use typology of developing innovation clusters has yielded limited result like many of the 20th century technopole initiatives around the world 1999: Initiated ‘one-north’ as strategic national development to catalyze thrust to becoming leading hub of technopreneurial innovation one-north The Vision vision statement Work Live Play Learn “an exceptional vibrant place of activities, culture and the arts place visionaries drawing upon the environment and on each other of vision conducive environment for the knowledge talents and inspiration” one-north Satellite Image Buona Vista MRT Station Vista Xchange MOE HQ Fusionpolis Biopolis INSEAD AYE Wessex Estate NUH Science Park 1 Four key planning strategies drive the formulation of the master plan: .dynamic Fine Grained Mixed Use .seamless Connectivity .constant Rejuvenation, and .unique Identity one-north Centres of Excellence • Vista Corporate and Biz Support Transport • Biopolis Biomedical sciences • Fusionpolis Infocomm + media • Future Future centres of excellence Seeded with Public Research Institutions and constellation of private start- ups or companies. Eventually evolves into a dynamic business ecosystem for the respective industry Challenging many aspects of prevailing planning typology of developing innovation cluster Redefined relationships between technology clusters and urban life PLANNING STRATEGIES . Industry research hubs are placed far enough apart to allow for room to grow, yet close enough to encourage synergy effects. Emphasis for urban activity at street level . Draw people through the site in order to increase the chances of personal interactions Constant Rejuvenation Strategy aims to enable continuous process of rejuvenation and renewal Done through 2 approaches: Non-contiguous growth: approach to allow for space in between to allow for growth, organic evolution. In the immediate term, the space-inbetween could be used interim public or activity generating program such as mobile labs or pocket parks. Flexible land use or White Zoning is introduced to all land parcels in one-north alongside broad planning controls which serve as a critical regulatory reference for any subsequent adjustment due to market changes. Variety of shared spaces Re-using clusters of old buildings Preferential housing for workers in one north F&B Corporate University Boutique offices THE TRANSFORMATION OF SINGAPORE RIVER SINGAPORE RIVER • Historically, sea port centre for shipping & trading activities • Merchant offices & godowns along sheltered banks WORKING RIVER • Business proliferated • By 1860’s, ¾ all shipping business undertaken along River Singapore River Before Vegetable Street Wholesalers Hawkers Rubbish Dump Boat Yards Pollution Control: Water Singapore River Clean Up (1977-1987) CO-ORDINATED APPROACH River wall repair & reconstruction works • Co-ordinated, multi-agency