The Zalmhaven tower An investigation on the feasibility of prefab concrete in a high rise building Literature study Sven ten Hagen Student number: 1364049 Date: 29-11-2012 Author: Sven ten Hagen [email protected] Graduation committee: Prof.ir. R. Nijsse ABT/ Delft University of Technology, chairman Prof.ir. A.Q.C. van der Horst BAM Infraconsult/ Delft University of Technology Dr.ir.drs. C.R. Braam Delft University of Technology Ing. H.J Hoorn Zonneveld ingenieurs Ir. D.C. van Keulen Ingenieursstudio DCK/ Delft University of Technology Preface This literature study is the first part of my master thesis research at the faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences at Delft University of Technology. With this thesis I will conclude my study Structural Design at the section Building and Structural Engineering. The literature study contains the most important aspects that are required to design a 200 meter high prefabricated tower and the accompanying construction methodology. In report 2 of the literature study, the floor plans, shear deformation calculation, calculations made by Zonneveld ingenieurs and the Fault Tree Analysis are combined. The research report contains the actual design of the Zalmhaven tower and construction methodology. I would like to thank the graduation committee for their time, guidance, knowledge and enthusiasm. Without their effort I would not be able to present the reader this report. I would also like to thank Zonneveld ingenieurs for providing me the opportunity to graduate at a first class engineering company. I sincerely thank all the employees for their support and guidance. Sven ten Hagen, Rotterdam, November 2012 Sven ten Hagen Literature study 3 Table of contents 1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 6 1.1 General .................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Problem description ................................................................................... 6 1.3 Goals ....................................................................................................... 7 1.4 Boundary conditions .................................................................................. 8 1.5 Outline of the report .................................................................................. 8 2 Project description ........................................................................................... 9 2.1 Architectural design ................................................................................... 9 2.2 Structural design by Zonneveld ..................................................................12 2.3 Foundation and soil condition .....................................................................15 2.4 Alternative concrete design .......................................................................17 2.5 Alternative steel design .............................................................................17 3 Reference projects ..........................................................................................19 3.1 Het Strijkijzer in The Hague [Font Freide] ....................................................19 3.2 The Erasmus MC tower in Rotterdam [Henkens 2010] ...................................23 3.3 Prinsenhof in The Hague [Lindhoud 2003] ...................................................28 3.4 Delftse Poort in Rotterdam [Köhne 1991] ....................................................30 3.5 Reference projects abroad .........................................................................32 4 Interviews with experts ...................................................................................35 4.1 Jan Font Freide from Corsmit (Het Strijkijzer) ..............................................35 4.2 Ron Vonken and Gerard Baggermans from Hurks Beton (Erasmus MC tower) ..35 4.3 George Henkens from Aronsohn (Erasmus MC tower) ...................................36 4.4 Willem van Dijk from Ballast Nedam (Erasmus MC tower) .............................37 5 Vision for the construction methodology ............................................................39 5.1 Vision for building method .........................................................................39 5.2 Vision for the transport system ..................................................................41 Part 1: Structural Design .......................................................................................45 6 Criteria for structural design .............................................................................47 6.1 Primary criteria ........................................................................................47 6.2 Secondary criteria ....................................................................................48 7 Loads ............................................................................................................51 7.1 Definition of loads and assumptions of the design .........................................51 7.2 Differences between the NEN EN 1991-1-4 and NEN 6702 .............................52 7.3 Wind loads according to NEN EN 1991-1-4 and Dutch National annex .............53 7.4 Acceleration due to cyclic wind loading ........................................................69 7.5 Wind interference .....................................................................................73 7.6 Vortex shedding .......................................................................................77 7.7 Snow load calculation ...............................................................................78 7.8 Conclusion ...............................................................................................79 8 Foundation .....................................................................................................81 8.1 Current design .........................................................................................81 8.2 Preliminary design ....................................................................................82 8.3 Alternative design ....................................................................................84 8.4 Conclusion ...............................................................................................85 9 Stability systems in general ..............................................................................87 9.1 Definition of a high rise buildings ................................................................87 9.2 Stability systems ......................................................................................87 10 Stability systems for prefab structures ...........................................................91 10.1 Prefabricated elements .............................................................................91 10.2 Possible connections .................................................................................94 10.3 Structural behaviour of the connections .................................................... 108 10.4 Response stability system to lateral load ................................................... 118 10.5 Element configuration ............................................................................. 132 4 Literature study Sven ten Hagen 10.6 Conclusion ............................................................................................. 137 11 Material properties .................................................................................... 138 12 Progressive collapse .................................................................................. 143 12.1 The causes of progressive collapse ........................................................... 144 12.2 Preventing progressive collapse ............................................................... 145 12.3 Risk analysis for CC3 structures ............................................................... 164 12.4 Risk analysis for the Zalmhaven tower ...................................................... 169 12.5 Conclusion ............................................................................................. 185 Part 2: Construction methodology......................................................................... 187 13 Construction methodology criteria ............................................................... 188 13.1 Primary criteria ...................................................................................... 188 13.2 Secondary criteria .................................................................................. 190 14 Building method ........................................................................................ 192 15 Transport systems ..................................................................................... 193 15.1 Influence factors for phase 2 and 3........................................................... 193 15.2 Influence factors for phase 1 ................................................................... 203 15.3 Conclusion ............................................................................................. 206 16 Preliminary design of the construct methodology ........................................... 209 16.1 Phase 1: transport from the factory to the building site ............................... 209 16.2 Phase 2 and 3: Transport on the building site ............................................ 212 16.3 Decision final transport systems ..............................................................