BONUS RETURN Reducing Emissions by Turning Nutrients and Carbon into Benefits https://www.bonusprojects.org/bonusprojects/the_projects/blue_baltic_projects/return www.bonusreturn.eu Deliverable No: D.3.3 – Report from the multi-criteria analysis from workshop 2 with comparisons of the different alternatives in each case study and selection of eco-technologies for further use in WP5 Ref: WP (3) Task (3.3) Lead participant: RISE Date: 15/04/2019 BONUS RETURN has received funding from BONUS (Art 185), funded jointly by the EU and Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research FORMAS, Sweden’s innovation agency VINNOVA, Academy of Finland and National Centre for Research and Development in Poland. This document contains information proprietary of the BONUS RETURN consortium. Neither this document nor the information contained herein shall be used, duplicated or communicated by any means to any third party, in whole or in part, except with the prior written consent of the BONUS RETURN coordinator. D.3.3 Report from the multi-criteria analysis Page 1 of 76 Deliverable Title D.3.3 – Report from the multi-criteria analysis from workshop 2 with comparisons of the different alternatives in each case study and selection of eco- technologies for further use in WP5 Filename BONUSRETURN_D.3.3_Report from the multi-criteria analysis Authors Solveig Johannesdottir (RISE), Erik Kärrman (RISE), Emelie Ljung (RISE), Christina Anderzén (RISE), Mats Edström (RISE), Serina Ahlgren (RISE), Maja Englund (RISE) Contributors Olle Olsson (SEI), Marek Giełczewski (WULS), Jari Koskiaho (SYKE), Sirkka Tattari (SYKE), Marcus Ahlström (RISE), Daniel Tamm (RISE), Turo Hjerppe (SYKE), Sari Väisänen (SYKE), Mikołaj Piniewski (WULS) Date 15/04/2019 Start of the project: 01/05/2017 End of the project: 01/05/2020 Project coordinator: Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) Dissemination level x PU Public. PP Restricted to other project partners. RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium. CO Confidential, only for members of the consortium. D.3.3 Report from the multi-criteria analysis Page 2 of 76 Table of Contents Executive Summary ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…. 1 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Project Objectives .................................................................................................................... 8 1.2 Project Structure ................................................................................................................... 10 1.1 Deliverable context and objective ......................................................................................... 10 1.2 Outline of the report ............................................................................................................. 10 2 Report from the multi-criteria analysis from workshop 2 with comparisons of the different alternatives in each case study and selection of ecotechnologies for further use in WP5 .................. 11 2.1 General method .................................................................................................................... 11 2.1.1 Selection of sustainability criteria and system alternatives .......................................... 12 2.2 The Vantaanjoki catchment area .......................................................................................... 13 2.2.1 First workshop ............................................................................................................... 14 2.3 The Fyrisån catchment area .................................................................................................. 14 2.3.1 First workshop ............................................................................................................... 15 2.4 The Słupia catchment area .................................................................................................... 15 2.4.1 First workshop ............................................................................................................... 15 2.5 General learning points and issues ....................................................................................... 16 2.6 Assessment of the sustainability criteria ............................................................................... 16 3 Multi-criteria analysis in the Vantaanjoki case ............................................................................. 20 3.1 System alternatives ............................................................................................................... 20 3.1.1 System alternative 1: Composting................................................................................. 20 3.1.2 System alternative 2: Anaerobic digestion .................................................................... 22 3.1.3 System alternative 3: Pyrolysis + urea-hygienization of source-separated blackwater 23 3.2 System boundaries and assumptions .................................................................................... 25 3.3 Results ................................................................................................................................... 26 3.3.1 Global warming potential .............................................................................................. 26 3.3.2 Total costs ...................................................................................................................... 27 3.3.3 Eutrophication potential ............................................................................................... 28 3.3.4 Nutrient recovery .......................................................................................................... 28 3.3.5 Risk of exposure to pollutants ....................................................................................... 29 3.3.6 Effects on soil structure ................................................................................................. 30 3.3.7 Acceptance of using recycled fertilizer products .......................................................... 30 D.3.3 Report from the multi-criteria analysis Page 3 of 76 3.3.8 Local economy ............................................................................................................... 30 3.3.9 Compatibility with existing infrastructure ..................................................................... 30 3.3.10 Second workshop in Vantaanjoki .................................................................................. 31 3.3.11 Sustainability scores for all systems .............................................................................. 31 3.4 Discussion of results .............................................................................................................. 33 3.5 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................ 34 4 Multi-criteria analysis in the Fyrisån case..................................................................................... 35 4.1 System alternatives ............................................................................................................... 35 4.1.1 Alt 0F Baseline ............................................................................................................... 35 4.1.2 Alt 1F Incineration ......................................................................................................... 36 4.1.3 Alt 2F Nutrient extraction .............................................................................................. 37 4.1.4 Alt 3F Source-separation ............................................................................................... 38 4.2 System boundaries and assumptions .................................................................................... 39 4.3 Results ................................................................................................................................... 41 4.3.1 Global warming potential, eutrophication potential and nutrient recovery ................ 41 4.3.2 Risk of exposure to pollutants ....................................................................................... 44 4.3.3 Total costs ...................................................................................................................... 45 4.3.4 Technical robustness ..................................................................................................... 46 4.3.5 Technical flexibility ........................................................................................................ 47 4.3.6 Second workshop in Fyris .............................................................................................. 47 4.3.7 Sustainability scores for all systems .............................................................................. 48 4.4 Discussion of results .............................................................................................................. 50 4.4.1 Assessment of criteria ................................................................................................... 50 4.4.2 Scoring and weighting ................................................................................................... 52 4.5 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................ 53 5 Multi-criteria analysis