Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences ISSN: 2231– 6345 (Online) An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at www.cibtech.org/sp.ed/jls/2014/04/jls.htm 2014 Vol. 4 (S4), pp. 1463-1473/Rezvani et al. Research Article THE IMPACT OF RURAL-URBAN LINKAGES ON DIVERSIFICATION OF THE RURAL ECONOMY WITH EMPHASIS ON WOODCRAFT (CASE STUDY: JOWKAR DISTRICT, MALAYER COUNTY, AND HAMEDAN PROVINCE) *Mohammad Reza Rezvani1, Seyyed Hasan Motiee Langeroudi1 and Ebrahim Fathi Nia2 1Center for Rural Planning, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran 2Department of Geography and Rural Planning (Economics of Space), University of Tehran, Iran Author for Correspondence٭ ABSTRACT Today, the livelihood stability and economic security in rural areas is very important because of the need to increase the efficiency, productivity of capacities and potentialities and the de facto in economic activity and, on the other hand, to ensure the continuation of the livelihood of the creation of employment, income and to diversify the economic activities in rural areas. According to the rural - urban disparities today one of the basic strategies for the development of rural areas, because of different currents, including the flow of people, goods, information technology and innovation, such as it could lead to diversify the economy in rural areas. The present study, with a view to examine the impact of the Rural- urban linkages in the diversification of the rural economy is done with an emphasis on woodcraft, aim Applied research and methodology of the descriptive - analytic. Statistical population workshops wooden industries in the villages Jowkar District, Malayer Country. That in 9 villages selected, 380 of Employees workshops wooden and rural as the sample size with were randomly selected. The study included the index of employment, income, reducing poverty, Stagnation agricultural activities and the diversity of economic activities, after which designated items for them through the questionnaire. The results of the study showed that the formation of a Woodcraft workshops in villages in order to build and strengthen rural-urban linkages in the villages studied major role in employment creation, diversification economic activities and flourished has. Keywords: Rural-urban Link, the Diversification of the Rural Economy, Rural Development, Malayer County INTRODUCTION Rural-urban links phenomenon resulting from the interaction of two strains of rural settlement and urban centers in the region that emerges due to the different currents of the people, goods and information, technology, and innovation (Saidi, 2006). Theoretically, the study of these flows in the context of changes in the economic, social and cultural flows, particularly in developing countries, coupled with the diversity and boost employment in rural areas. The rural-urban links of development policies aimed at reducing poverty in the regulation and expression of supporting the positive role of urban centers and surrounding rural areas in developing countries is emphasized by experts (Rabinovitch, 2001; Veenhuizen, 2002). These links unlike traditional urban-rural relations that generally indicates a dominance relationship was through mutual interaction and explanations are complementary set of flows (Saidi, 2011). Regretfully the rural-urban links or both can be examined from two perspectives: A) Link in the space (such as the flow of people, goods, capital, information, technology, and waste); B) Sub-surface interaction (sectional interaction) in urban areas to rural activities that are activities that are often classified as urban activities (such as industry and services) in rural areas flow (Terre, 2001). Thus, the national rural and urban association reflects the fact that urban and rural development is integrated and cross-correlated and is linked somehow. Of course this is a false impression that all of the links may be associated with mutual benefits for rural and urban areas (Douglas, 1998). Because of the © Copyright 2014 | Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 1463 Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences ISSN: 2231– 6345 (Online) An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at www.cibtech.org/sp.ed/jls/2014/04/jls.htm 2014 Vol. 4 (S4), pp. 1463-1473/Rezvani et al. Research Article different conditions including the case examined in this study, may lead spatial inequality and vulnerability of low-interest groups (rural) (Satterth, 2000). On the other hand, it should be noted that the pattern and extent of rural and urban linkages strongly influenced by macro developments, including globalization, structural adjustment and economic reforms that is effective for both urban and rural communities (Tacoli, 1998). The relations, particularly between urban and rural settlements mainly in the form of a stream of people, goods, capital, ideas, information, and innovation suggests the spatial phenomena and geographical location, and understanding, explaining, and discover general rules governing the mutual relations within human-made environments, and theoretical significance and application of special (Sharyeh, 1994). It is also essential to consider the relationship in the process of change and development in rural and urban centers, in addition to examining the types and causes of relationships, knowledge of economic impacts, socio-cultural, and social fabric of urban and rural spatial consequences and efforts to reduce the negative effects of this relationship in order to organize them, leading to the development of sustainable rural and urban areas. Therefore, in order to achieve the effect of rural-urban linkages in the diversification of the rural economy, this question arises, rural-urban links What impact of in the development of Woodcraft and Diversification of the Villages Economy have been The studied? Theoretical Consideration * Rural-urban Linkages and Development Urban and rural link is the connection between urban and rural settlements through all the obvious and hidden populations, investment, production, goods and communications technology, so that the structure and function of each urban settlements and completing the structure and function of the rural settlements of the urban and rural settlements is provided by creating unity rural - urban development area (Taghizadeh, 2004). Or the link, is the fusion of spatial - temporal structure and functions of urban and rural settlements. The concept of rural-urban linkage and exchange ideas in light of the relations between urban and rural areas were apparent (Table 1). Evolution of the relationship between urban and rural areas can be followed in a fruitful framework of intellectual thought, contrasting ideas, thoughts, ideas and interact differentiation. The birth of the surplus rural and beneficial effects in the area of influence, in the form of intellectual thought is fruitful. In contrast ideas, the rural-urban competition, aggression relations in the village and parasitic relationships are discussed. The idea of separation of urban and rural differences is pointed out in the position of each shape. Today, the evolution of the idea of interacting with the dependence of urban and rural relations, urban-rural interaction and linking urban and rural areas is similar. Table 1: Evolution OF RURAL-URBAN relationships Town birth of rural surplus Fruitful thought Positive & beneficial effects of town in spheres of influence Town & countryside competence Confrontation Authoritarian town relationship of town on village thought Parasitic relationship Evolution of rural- Distinction Thought Separation from each town and village urban relationships Dependence of town and village Mutual relations of town & countryside Interaction Thought Interaction of town and countryside Link of town and countryside Source: Azarbad (2009) © Copyright 2014 | Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 1464 Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences ISSN: 2231– 6345 (Online) An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at www.cibtech.org/sp.ed/jls/2014/04/jls.htm 2014 Vol. 4 (S4), pp. 1463-1473/Rezvani et al. Research Article Porter and Ann (1989), linking in the economic, social, political and ideological dimensions has been studied. On the economic dimension, the flow of labor, money, food, transportation, energy, credit and raw materials is acknowledged through labor relations, finance, marketing, purchasing and transportation. In the social dimension, the flow of people, communications, telephone and medical relationship have been noted through reciprocal relationships, social groups, family, friends and social classes. The political dimension of power, authority, budget allocation and the interrelationships have been acknowledged with political activism, advertising, justice and the effects. After the current ideological beliefs, books, radio and television have proposed through the interrelationships of religious activities, educational (Table 2). Table 2: Dimensions link urban and rural areas due to the flow and interaction Dimension of link Flow Mutual relationships labor flow , money , Food , Vehicles , Workforce , investment , marketing, Economic Energy , Reputation, raw materials shopping , transportation People, correspondence, phone call, Family, Friends , classes and social Social medical relations, groups Political Activities , Advertising , Political Power, authority, budget allocation , Law ensure justice , Complications Ideological Ideas, book , Radio , TV