List of Figures Figure L-: Map of “The Mongol Empire” Ne Figure L-: Map of the Qing dominion at its prime Qc Figure L-: Map of the European colonies in Africa dL Figure N-: Soviet Russia in China by CHIANG Kai-shek RL Figure N-: Recent publication on Taiwan-Russia relations RN Figure N-N: Russia in secondary-school history textbooks LSL Figure N-Q: Russia in secondary-school history textbooks LSL Figure Q-: Augustus of Prima Porta LJd Figure Q-: Spartacus LJd Figure Q-: Slave collar LJe Figure Q-: LENIN proclaims Soviet power LNc Figure Q-: Qianlong-era vase LQJ Figure Q-: Slave in shackles LQJ Figure LS-: The devils worshipping the hog NSK Figure LS-J: Propagating religion in the chapels NSK Figure LS-N: The priests of Buddha and Dao expelling the devils NSc Figure LS-: New drawbridge in Tianjin NLL Figure LS-: Tianjin Road NLL Figure LS-: Wife riding a sedan chair, husband walking behind NLJ Figure LS-: Civil and military women’s academy NLJ Figure LS-c: Shelling Japan NLQ Figure LL-: Universal madness NJJ Figure LL-: Twelve zodiac animals NJQ Figure LL-: En route to Westminster Cathedral NJd Figure LL-Q: A bunch of drunkards eagerly gets hooked NJd Figure LL-: Once more! NJe Figure LL-: Contemporary Napoleons NJe Figure LL-: Legends of modern times NJK Figure LL-: Mediterranean Sea NJK Figure LL-: Great whales of financial capitalism NJc Figure LL-LS: Being all in rags NJc xvii Figure LL-: Dissection and comparison of the brain NJR Figure LL-LJ: World walk-ons NNS Figure LL-LN: To passionately express NNc Figure LL-LQ: Visitor … NNR Figure LL-: World zoo NQS Figure LL-Le: A vigorous egg NQL Figure LL-LK: Black, white, red NQL Figure LL-Lc: “The League investigates” NQJ Figure LL-LR: Internationalisation of Spanish Civil War NQJ Figure LL-: Spanish nationalist leader NQN Figure LL-JL: The god of war tells the angel of peace: … NQQ Figure LL-: The good old doctor … NQQ Figure LL-JN: Only in the last days of the world will humankind have real peace NdL Figure LL-: Vertical section of earth (top). The glory of dying in battle (bottom) NdL Figure LL-Jd: The eve of great war NdJ Figure LL-: Heroes of the world, obey me NdJ Figure LL-: Western civilization NeS Figure LL-: Confucius wanders in Shanghai NeL Figure LJ-: Reading newspaper. NKJ Figure LJ-: “Under the banner of STALIN – MAO Zedong forward, to victory!” NKQ Figure LJ-: “Long live the China-Soviet friendship” NKQ Figure LJ-: “Elder brother from the USSR” NKe Figure LJ-: “Study the Soviet Union’s advanced experience to build up our nation” NKe Figure LJ-: “Study the advanced production experience of the Soviet Union, struggle for the industrialization of our country!” NKK Figure LJ-: “Welcome to Soviet friends” NKK Figure LJ-: “Friendship’s New Spring” NKc Figure LJ-: “New China Children” NKc Figure LJ-LS: “Defend peace!” NcQ Figure LN-: Church building in November JSLc NRL Figure LN-: Icon of St. Nikolai at the Russian Orthodox church in Taipei QSc Figure LQ-: The HIT main building QLQ Figure LQ-: The main building of Heilongjiang University QLQ xviii Figure LQ-: The Harbin Workers Cultural Palace QLd Figure LQ-: The Harbin Youth Palace QLd Figure LQ-: The Old Harbin Measuring & Cutting Tool Factory QLd Figure LQ-: The Soviet Exhibition Hall (now Beijing Exhibition Hall) QLK Figure LQ-: The Sino-Soviet Friendship Building (now the Shanghai Exhibition Center) QLK Figure LQ-: St. Nicholas Cathedral in Harbin QJL Figure LQ-: The Red Guards destroying the St. Nicholas Cathedral QJL Figure LQ-LS: The Red Guards destroying the St. Nicholas Cathedral QJJ Figure LQ-: The Blagoveshchenskai͡ a Church (the Russian name of the Holy Annunciation Church in Harbin) QJJ Figure LQ-LJ: The Holy Iveron Icon Orthodox Church QJQ Figure LQ-LN: The Holy Iveron Icon Orthodox Church after its domes being removed QJQ Figure LQ-LQ: The Holy Iveron Icon Orthodox Church after its domes being removed QJQ Figure LQ-: Restoration starting with clearance of the surrounding area – April L, JSLK QJc Figure LQ-Le: Restoration of the exterior finished first without the domes – October Jd, JSLK QJc Figure LQ-LK: Seven wrought onion shaped domes waiting to be mounted QJR Figure LQ-Lc: Mounting the domes on the church – December e, JSLK QJR Figure LQ-LR: The completely restored version of the Holy Iveron Icon Orthodox Church QNS Figure LQ-: The restored Holy Iveron Icon Orthodox Church and the newly built North Square of Harbin Railway Station QNS Figure LQ-JL: The restored version of the St. Sophia’s Church QNJ Figure LQ-: The night scene of St. Sophia’s Church QNJ Figure LQ-JN: Two neighboring churches on Dongdazhi Street QNN Figure LQ-JQ: Harbin Nangang Christian Church QNN Figure LQ-Jd: Harbin Nangang Christian Church QNN Figure LQ-Je: Church of the Intercession, Harbin QNQ Figure LQ-: Church of the Intercession, Harbin QNQ Figure LQ-: Church of the Intercession – Subordinate cemetery pavilion for prayers QNQ Figure LQ-: Zhongyang Street QNd Figure LQ-NS: Night scene of Zhongyang Street QNd Figure LQ-NL: The main area of the former Harbin Railway Station QNe xix Figure LQ-NJ: The Harbin Railway Station in LRcc QNe Figure LQ-: The sketch of the reconstruction result presented at the Harbin Railway Station QNK Figure LQ-NQ: The Harbin Railway Station today QNK Figure LQ-: The Volga Manor QQS Figure LQ-Ne: Main gate of the Volga Manor QQS Figure LQ-NK: Reception Center of the Volga Manor with the rebuilt St. Nicholas Cathedral QQL Figure LQ-: The newly built Pavlov Castle in the Volga Manor QQL Figure LQ-NR: Blood donation center in European style in Harbin QQJ Figure LQ-: The public toilet in a European style in the Harbin Cultural Park QQJ Figure LQ-QL: European design adopted on newly constructed buildings QQN Figure LQ-QJ: European design adopted on newly constructed buildings QQN Figure LQ-QN: European design adopted on newly constructed buildings QQN Figure LQ-QQ: The residence of the director of CER Company today QQd Figure LQ-Qd: The residence of the director of CER Company today QQd Figure LQ-: WANG Huandi’s gouache painting using the residence of the director of CER as the model QQd Figure LQ-: WANG Huandi’s gouache using the residence of director of CER as the model QQe Figure LQ-Qc: Cover of “My Gouaches of Harbin – leisurely painting of a city in opague watercolors” QQe Figure LQ-QR: A historical street in a historical town – Painting SSL (left) QQc Figure LQ-dS: A historical street in a historical town – Painting SSc (right) QQc Figure LQ-: A historical street in a historical town – Painting SSN QQc Figure LQ-dJ: St. Sophia’s Church by YOU Kunlun (left) QQR Figure LQ-: The Restaurant Miniatur by YOU Kunlun (right) QQR Figure LQ-dQ: Wangguo Foreign Firm by YOU Kunlun QQR Figure LQ-: St. Nicholas Cathedral before demolition by LI Gangfeng QdS Figure LQ-de: Rebuilt St. Nicholas Cathedral in the Volga Manor by LI Gangfeng QdS Figure LQ-dK: St. Sophia’s Church wearing a surgical mask by LI Gangfeng QdS Figure LQ-dc: Poster with St. Sophia’s Church QdL Figure LQ-dR: Poster with the upper part of several historical churches QdL xx Figure LQ-: Poster with a European Church and Songpu Foreign Firm at the center QdN Figure LQ-eL: Billboards with a slogan and church picture QdN Figure LQ-: Billboards with a slogan and church picture QdN Figure LQ-eN: Billboard of pictorial combination with slogan (left) QdQ Figure LQ-: Billboard of pictorial combination with LEI Feng (right) QdQ Figure LQ-ed: Scenes of ice sculptures of European architecture QdQ Figure LQ-: Scenes of ice sculptures of European architecture QdQ Figure LQ-eK: Scenes of ice sculptures of European architecture Qdd Figure LQ-: Scenes of ice sculptures of European architecture Qdd Figure LQ-: Five panel folding screen made in Harbin featuring European architecture Qdd Figure LQ-: Newly built St. Nicholas Cathedral in the Volga Manor QdK Figure LQ-KL: Miniature version of the St. Nicholas Cathedral near the original location QdK Figure LQ-: Miniature version of the St. Nicholas Cathedral near the original location QdK Figure LQ-KN: The carved drainage cover of the cathedral near Harbin West Railway Station Square Qdc Figure LQ-KQ: The carved drainage cover opposite the North Theatre Qdc Figure LQ-Kd: The carved drainage cover near the Qiulin Company Qdc Figure LQ-: The carved drainage cover opposite HIT Main Building Qdc Figure LQ-: The sturdy surviving Catholic church in Qingdao QeS Figure LQ-: Marital couples taking pictures in front of the church QeS Figure Q-: The Jinan Old Railway Station QeJ Figure LQ-cS: Anting Town and the copied statue of GOETHE and SCHILLER QeJ Figure LQ-cL: Anting Town and the copied statue of GOETHE and SCHILLER QeJ Figure LQ-: Anting Town and the copied statue of GOETHE and SCHILLER QeJ Figure Ld-: Keelung: French Military Cemetery: monument to the French officers, soldiers and marines who died during the Sino-French War in Keelung Qec Figure Ld-: Lüshun: Soviet Military/“Martyrs’” Cemetery: Japanese- built “mausoleum” for Russian war dead erected after the Russo-Japanese War Qec Figure Ld-N: Lüshun: Soviet Military/“Martyrs’” Cemetery: Japanese- built indivi-dual tombs of Russian officers erected after the Russo-Japanese War QeR xxi Figure Ld-: Lüshun: Soviet Military/“Martyrs’” Cemetery: Example of collective tomb for Russian war dead at single battle sites erected by the Japanese after the Russo-Japanese War QeR Figure Ld-: Lüshun: Soviet Military/“Martyrs’” Cemetery: Restored Tsarist huge cross for the Russo-Japanese War dead QKS Figure Ld-: Hong Kong: Sai Wan War Cemetery (Commonwealth War Graves Commission) QKJ Figure Ld-: Hong Kong: Sai Wan War Cemetery: some non-Briton / non-Christian tombs QKJ Figure Ld-: Harbin: Jewish cemetery: restored tombstones and name plaques QKN Figure Ld-R: Hong Kong: Jewish Cemetery QKN Figure Ld-LS: Hong Kong: St.