FACULTAD DE TRADUCCIÓN E INTERPRETACIÓN SCUOLA DI SCIENZE DELLA MEDIAZIONE LINGUISTICA Grado en Traducción e Interpretación Triennale in Mediazione Linguistica e Culturale aplicata all’ambito economico, giuridico e sociale TRABAJO FIN DE GRADO TESI DI LAUREA Analysis of the Localization of the Official Spanish Website of Tourism in International Spanish and International English Submitted by Beatriz Arias Martín Supervised by Leticia Moreno Pérez and Paola Catenaccio Soria, 2016 Milan, 2016 Words travel worlds. Translators do the driving. (Anna Rusconi) Este trabajo se lo quiero dedicar a mis padres, que son quienes lo han hecho possible. INDEX INDEX .......................................................................................................................................... 3 INDEX OF IMAGES ...................................................................................................................... 5 ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................. 7 RESUMEN ................................................................................................................................... 7 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 8 OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................................ 9 METHODOLOGY AND WORK PLAN ......................................................................................... 10 1 The importance of localizing ............................................................................................ 12 2 The GILT process .............................................................................................................. 13 2.1 Definitions ................................................................................................................. 13 2.1.1 Internationalisation ............................................................................................ 14 2.1.2 Translation .......................................................................................................... 14 2.1.3 Localization ......................................................................................................... 15 2.1.4 Globalization ....................................................................................................... 16 3 Digital content: the GILT process applied to a website. ................................................. 16 3.1 The need for internationalisation of a tourist website ........................................... 17 3.2 The process of internationalisation ......................................................................... 18 3.2.1 Strategies of internationalisation for a possible localization ........................... 18 3.3 The need for localization of a tourist website ......................................................... 19 3.4 The process of localization ...................................................................................... 20 3.4.1 Analysis before carrying out the localization .................................................... 20 3.4.2 Internationalisation ............................................................................................ 22 3.4.3 Localization ......................................................................................................... 22 3.4.4 Revision and quality control ............................................................................... 24 3.5 Elements from a website which can be localized ................................................... 25 4 Skills of a translator and a localizator. The translation competence. ........................... 28 5 Tourist translation ............................................................................................................ 30 5.1 The definition of tourist translation ......................................................................... 31 5.1.1 Types of tourist texts .......................................................................................... 33 5.1.2 The aim of the tourist texts ................................................................................ 34 5.2 Difficulties with the translation of tourist texts ....................................................... 35 5.3 Translation strategies in the tourist translation ..................................................... 38 5.4 Quality in tourist translations and how to assess it ............................................... 40 6 Analysis of the tourist webpage of tourism from Spain ................................................. 41 6.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 41 6.2 Website’s description ............................................................................................... 42 6.3 Analysis of the elements which possibly have been localized .............................. 43 6.4 Analysis of the translation from Spanish to English ............................................... 55 6.4.1 Slogan.................................................................................................................. 56 6.4.2 Gastronomy ......................................................................................................... 57 6.4.3 Festivities ............................................................................................................ 62 6.4.4 Art and monuments ............................................................................................ 67 6.4.5 Routes ................................................................................................................. 70 6.5 Outcomes of the analysis ......................................................................................... 72 6.5.1 Outcomes of the analysis of the localization .................................................... 72 6.5.2 Outcomes of the analysis of the translation ..................................................... 76 CONCLUSIONS ......................................................................................................................... 77 BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................................................... 79 INDEX OF IMAGES Image 1. Main interface of the Official Spanish Website of Tourism................................................43 Image 2. Pull-down menu of the main interface of the Spanish website.........................................44 Image 3. Pull-down menu of the main interface of the English website...........................................44 Image 4. Carrousel of the main interface of the Spanish website....................................................44 Image 5. Carrousel of the main interface of the English website......................................................45 Image 6. One of the pull-down menus of the main interface of the Spanish website.....................45 Image 7. One of the pull-down menus of the main interface of the English website.......................46 Image 8. Metadata from the Spanish website where the use of Unicode (utf-8) is observed........46 Image 9. Metadata from the English website where the use of Unicode (utf-8) is observed..........47 Image 10. Sample of the use of the currency formats in the Spanish website................................47 Image 11. Sample of the use of the currency formats in the English website.................................47 Image 12. Sample of the date format used in the Spanish website.................................................48 Image 13. Sample of the date format used in the English website..................................................48 Image 14. Sample of the time format used in the Spanish website.................................................48 Image 15. Sample of the time format used in the English website..................................................48 Image 16. Sample of the measurement units used in the Spanish website....................................49 Image 17. Sample of the measurement units used in the English website.....................................49 Image 18. Sample of the address format used in the Spanish website...........................................49 Image 19. Sample of the address format used in the English website............................................49 Image 20. Sample of the address format used in the Spanish website...........................................50 Image 21. Sample of the address format used in the Spanish website...........................................50 Image 22. Sample of the telephone format used in the Spanish website........................................50 Image 23. Sample of the telephone format used in the English website.........................................51 Image 24. Sample of a video in Spanish version used in the Spanish website...............................51 Image 25. Sample of a video in English version used in the English website..................................51 Image 26. Sample of an image used in the English website.............................................................52 Image 27. Sample of an image used in the Spanish website............................................................52 Image 28. Sample of the numeric formats used in