CHAPTER IV ANNOTATED TRANSLATION This chapter is about the annotated translation from the problematic translational section from the story that I have found when translating Ole Lukøje the Sandman and What the Moon Saw from English into Indonesian. When I translate Ole Lukøje the Sandman and What the Moon Saw by Hans Christian Andersen, I found so many cultural words that are hard to be translated because of the cultural differences between Europe and Indonesia. I use transference, additions, generalization, and couplet procedures to translate the cultural words. 1. Generalization Generalization is a translation procedure that a translator use to generalize the cultural words. In this context I use generalization to translate the words ‘footstool’ and ‘brownies’. No. Source Text Target Text Par. 1. I must go up into the church tower to Aku harus ke menara gereja untuk [79] see if the little church brownies are melihat apakah anak-anak polishing the bells so that they may pramuka yang menjadi relawan sound well. gereja sedang membantu menggosok lonceng gereja agar bersuara nyaring. ‘Brownies’ (Scouting) is an organization section or class in a Girl Scout or Girl Guides, the limit age are in a range of seven until ten years old. ‘Brownies’ was originally called Rosebuds, then it was changed by Lord Baden-Powell, the founder of Scouts and the brother of the founder of ‘Brownies’, Agnes Baden-Powell. The name ‘Brownies’ was inspired by Juliana Horatia Ewing’s story “The Brownies”, a story about two children, Tommy and Betty learn that children can be helpful brownies or lazy boggarts. ‘Brownies’ is about trying new things and teach those seven until ten year-old girls to know about themselves and the world. They do so many leisure activities such as 49 camps, become a volunteer, day trips, etc. and they will get badges after they done the activities as a rewards. Brownies’ activities are similar with the other scouts classes programs, but as I mentioned before, brownies are only for seven until ten year-old girls. The system of scouting in Europe and Indonesia are different, some regions in Europe they differentiate boy scouts (only for boys) and girl scouts (only for girls), however in Indonesia, pramuka or scouting only provides coed classes, both girls and boys can have same activities at the same time. According to Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Pramuka, the acronym of Praja Muda Karana is an organization for young people to teach them numerous skills, to be discipline and believe in themselves, also to help others. From the goal of the organizations, both brownies and pramuka are similar. However, if I maintain the name ‘brownies’ (transferred the word), not only the reader would be confused with the “brownies” as a food, but also in Indonesia there are no classes for only girls. Therefore I generalize the word ‘brownies’ by using the superordinate or general words of ‘brownies’ which is scouts, because brownies is an organization under scouts so scouts is the superordinate and ‘brownies’ is the hyponym, then using the translation of it that is pramuka, the word that is very common among Indonesian so that the reader will not be confounded about it. Also from the definition above that mention brownies has many leisure activities for children, therefore brownies are categorized as social culture. No. Source Text Target Text Par. 2. They stretched out their hands, each Mereka mengulurkan tangan. [20] one holding the most beautiful sugar Masing-masing membawa permen p ig which any cakewoman could berbentuk hewan terindah yang sell. pernah dijual. ‘Sugar pig’ is a traditional sugar candy and consists of a boiled fondant formed from sugar and water. This candy also takes other shape, a mice with the name ‘sugar mice’, also has the same ingredients with ‘sugar pig’ but it has tail while ‘sugar pig’ not. The candy has various flavors and colors, for example the color of strawberry flavored sugar pig is pink, and the color of lemon flavored is yellow, etc. ‘Sugar pig’ is popular in the 50 United Kingdom, especially during Christmas season. ‘Sugar pig’ is categorized as material culture because ‘sugar pig’ is a type of candy which is food. However, ‘sugar pig’ is unobtainable in Indonesia, and there is no pig-shaped candy in Indonesia. There is other kind of candy that has the shape of animals and quite famous in Indonesia, but the candy is not hard candy like ‘sugar pig’ but gummy candy, and the shapes are amphibian-shaped candy. Because there is no similar kind of candy in Indonesia I generalize ‘sugar pig’ into ‘animal-shaped candy’, I use the general word of ‘pig’ which is kind of animals, and ‘sugar pig’ is the hyponym or the specific words and candy is the superordinate or general words because ‘sugar pig’ is a type of candy, and from the word animal-shaped candy translated into permen berbentuk hewan. No. Source Text Target Text Par. 3. When the night is drawing on, and Ketika larut malam, dan para [2] the children are sitting around the anak sedang duduk mengelilingi table as good as possible or on meja serapi mungkin ada juga their little footstools, in walks Ole yang duduk di bangku kecil Shut-eyes. mereka kemudian Ole berjalan sambil menutup mata. The text above is on the beginning of the story, Ole Lukøje or the Sandman visits children and give them dreams, can be bad dreams or good dreams, and it depends on the kids, if they are good they will have good dreams and vice versa. In the story, the Sandman comes when the children are about to sleep, but in the first night the children are still playing in their tables, so the Sandman makes them sleepy first and gets them to sleep. According to Meriam Webster, the word ‘footstool’ is defined as a low stool used to support the feet and people also use the ‘footstool’ as a chair. The difference between ‘footstool’ and chair is that footstool does not have back or armrest like chairs. In the Kamus Inggris Indonesia ‘footstool’ is literally translated as ganjal or penunjang kaki, for ‘foot’ means kaki and ‘stool’ means ganjal or penunjang. Ganjal kaki or penunjang 51 kaki is used as a footrest, or as a support or stool for when people do their speech in a formal ceremony or other formal events, people in Indonesia. While in the text above, it shows that the children are sitting in there and they use ‘footstools’ as their chairs. Therefore I use generalization to translate ‘footstool’, showing that the ‘footstool’ is used as a chair in school, however as I mentioned above the figures of ‘footstool’ is different with chair, but ‘footstool’ are types of stools so I generalized the ‘footstool’ into stool and translate the word stool that is bangku, but stool has so many types, and they are often tall, so I add word small that is translated into kecil that describe the size of ‘footstool’ that can be more suitable without changing the cultural meaning of the source language which is bangku kecil. From the definition above I categorized ‘footstool’ as material culture because ‘footstool’ is the type of the furniture of houses. 2. Couplet Couplet is combining two procedures in one problem (Newmark 91). In this final project I mostly use couplets by combining transference and additions. Transference is a procedure to transfer a source language into target language (Newmark). I mostly use transference in translating the cultural words, but then add other procedures to make the cultural words is clear for the reader, therefore couplet is the procedures that I use the most in translating the cultural words. No. Source Text Target Text Par. 4. A count’s coronet sparkles over it, Mahkota coronet sang count 1 itu [103] and therefore he did not speak it bercahaya, dan karenanya ia aloud. I smiled; a poet’s crown tidak berkata keras; aku sparkles over his! tersenyum; mahkota penyair bercahaya daripadanya! ‘Count’ is a title of nobility in certain European countries, ‘count’ (male) or ‘countess’ (female) generally in the middle rank of the hierarchy of nobility. According 1 Count adalah sebutan bagi bangsawan Eropa yang berada delapan tingkat di bawah kaisar yang merupakan hierarki tertinggi, mereka memiliki mahkota coronet yaitu mahkota kecil yang melingkari dan menutupi bagian atas kepala yang hanya dimiliki oleh raja, ratu, serta bangsawan itu sendiri. 52 to Cambridge dictionary, ‘count’ is Europian man of high social rank having the same rank as earl. The title ‘count’ also used in many literary works as the fictional characters’ title, one of them is in the infamous novel by Alexandre Dumas, “the Count of Monte Cristo” and in the Indonesian translation the translator also transferred the word ‘count’ and used it in the TT. From the definition about count is a type of hierarchy rank, I categorized ‘count’ as social organizations. The reason I still maintain the word count and not generalize it by using general words because the target reader of the stories are teenagers and young people, with maintain the word ‘count’, I hope that the reader can learn new terms that they might never know, moreover as I mentioned above that the story is about the imagination from historical event in Europe and I wanted to maintain the culture about the setting of the story that is in Europe by maintaining the word count, but to avoid confusion that the reader might get because of the unfamiliar title, I add footnote and explain the word ‘count’. Therefore I use couplet procedure by combining the transference, I transferred the word ‘count’ and adding a footnote to explain about the definition of ‘count’ anticipating that the reader might get puzzled with the meaning of ‘count’.