ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR ANDHERI (E)- DAHISAR (E)CORRIDOR OF MUMBAI METRO A PROJECT BY MUMBAI METROPOLITON REGION DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (MMRDA) PREPARED BY FINE ENVIROTECH ENGINEERS APRIL 2018 INDEX EIA report of proposed Andher (E) –Dahisar (E) Corridor of Mumbai Metro Project by MMRDA CONTENT No. Description Page No. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 0.1 INTRODUCTION 1 0.1.1 Objective and Scope of the Study 1 0.1.2 Approach and Methodology 1 0.1.3 Need of the Project 1 0.1.4 General Advantages of Metro Railway System: 1 0.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2 0.2.1 Transport Demand and Forecast 2 0.2.2 Proposed Metro Corridor 2 0.2.2.1 Route Alignment 2 0.2.2.2 Route Length and Stations 2 0.2.2.3 Rolling Stock Requirement 3 0.2.3 Construction Methodology 3 0.3 Purpose of preparation of EIA Report 3 0.3.1 Applicability of Environmental, Coastal Regulatory Zone notification 3 and Forest Clearance 0.3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE DATA 3 0.3.2.1 Environmental Scoping 3 0.3.3 Land Environment 4 0.3.4 Water Environment 4 0.3.4.1 Water Resources 4 0.3.4.2 Ground Water 4 0.3.4.3 Water Quality 4 0.3.5 Meteorology 4 0.3.6 Air Environment 4 0.3.7 Noise Environment 4 0.3.8 Existing Trees 5 0.3.9 Socio- Economic Conditions 5 0.3.10 Socio-Economic Survey 5 0.3.11 Archaeological Sites 5 0.4 NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 5 0.4.1 General 5 0.4.2 Environmental Impacts 5 0.4.3 Impacts Due To Project Location 5 0.4.4 Impacts Due To Project Design 6 0.4.5 Impacts Due To Project Construction 6 0.4.6 Impacts Due To Project Operation 6 0.4.7 Impacts Due to Depot 7 0.5 POSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 7 0.6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 8 Prepared by Fine Envirotech Engineers EIA report of proposed Andher (E) –Dahisar (E) Corridor of Mumbai Metro Project by MMRDA 0.6.1 Management Plans 8 0.6.2 Mitigation Measures 8 0.7 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN 11 0.7.1 Construction Phase 11 0.7.2 Operation Stage Monitoring Schedule 12 0.7.3 Establishment of an Environmental Division 12 0.8 SUMMARY OF COSTS 12 CHAPTER - 1: POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 1.1 INTRODUCTION 13 1.2 India's International Obligations 13 1.2.1 Important Treaties 14 1.2.1.1 Applicable Conventions/Treaties 14 1.2.2 India as Contracting Party 19 1.2.2.1 Applicable Conventions/Treaties 20 1.2.3 India as Signatory Party 21 1.2.3.1 Applicable Conventions 22 1.3 National and state level legal Acts and Legislation 23 1.4 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK 30 1.4.1 Central and State Pollution Control Boards 32 1.5 ENVIRONMENTAL CATEGORIZATION 32 1.5.1 Requirement of Environmental Clearance 33 1.5.2 Requirement of Forest Clearance 33 1.5.3 Required Clearances/Permissions 33 1.6 OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY 34 1.7 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY 35 1.7.1 Data Collection 35 1.7.2 Environmental Impact Assessment 36 1.7.3 Environmental Management Plan 36 1.7.4 Environmental Monitoring 36 1.8 FORMAT OF THE REPORT 36 CHAPTER - 2: DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 2.1 TRANSPORT SITUATION IN MUMBAI 40 2.2 PROJECT AREA AND LOCATION 42 2.3 PROPOSED METRO CORRIDOR 42 2.3.1 Route Alignment 44 2.3.2 Route Length and Stations 45 2.3.3 Gauge 47 2.3.4 Track Structure 47 2.3.5 Traction System 49 2.3.6 Signalling 49 Prepared by Fine Envirotech Engineers EIA report of proposed Andher (E) –Dahisar (E) Corridor of Mumbai Metro Project by MMRDA 2.3.7 Automatic Fare Collection 49 2.3.8 Choice of Control Gates 50 2.3.9 Passenger Operated Machines 50 2.3.10 Integration of AFC with other Lines and Modes of Transport 50 2.3.11 Scissors Crossovers 50 2.4 BOARDING AND ALIGHTING 52 2.5 SYSTEM REQUIREMENT 52 2.6 ROLLING STOCK REQUIREMENT 53 2.7 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY 53 2.8 VIADUCT-ELEVATED STRUCTURE 53 2.9 MAINTENANCE DEPOT 54 2.9.1 Depot- cum- Workshop at Dahisar 54 2.10 TRAIN OPERATION PLAN 57 2.10.1 Train Formation 57 2.10.2 Braking System 57 2.11 POWER REQUIREMENT 60 2.11.1 Sources of Power Supply 60 2.12 COST ESTIMATE 61 CHAPTER - 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT (BASELINE DATA) 3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCOPING 65 3.2 RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY 67 3.3 LAND ENVIRONMENT 68 3.3.1 Geography, Geology and Soil 68 3.3.2 Geotechnical (Subsoil) Investigation by Bore-Logging 69 3.3.3 Seismicity 70 3.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT 73 3.4.1 Water Resources 73 3.4.2 Hydrogeology and Ground Water 73 3.4.2.1 Hard Rock Areas: Deccan Trap Basalt 75 3.4.2.2 Soft Rock Areas: Alluvium 75 3.4.2.3 Yields of Wells 75 3.4.3 Water Quality 76 3.5 CLIMATE AND METEOROLOGY 81 3.5.1 General 81 3.5.2 Temperature 81 3.5.3 Rainfall 82 3.5.4 Humidity 83 3.5.5 Wind 83 3.5.6 Cloud Cover 84 3.6 AIR ENVIRONMENT 84 3.6.1 Selection of Monitoring Stations 84 Prepared by Fine Envirotech Engineers EIA report of proposed Andher (E) –Dahisar (E) Corridor of Mumbai Metro Project by MMRDA 3.6.2 Methodology 86 3.6.3 Concentration of Air Pollutants 89 3.6.4 Observation and Conclusion 89 3.7 NOISE ENVIRONMENT 90 3.7.1 Methodology 90 3.7.2 Noise Locations 91 3.7.3 Noise Monitoring Frequency 93 3.7.4 Observation and Conclusion 96 3.7.5 Environmental Noise Modeling 96 3.7.6 Assessment of noise 97 3.7.6.1 Construction Phase 98 3.7.6.2 Operation Phase 99 3.7.6.3 Prediction of Impacts on Community 100 3.7.6.4 Prediction of Impact on Occupational Health 100 3.8 ECOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY 101 3.8.1 Activities undertaken during the study 101 3.8.2 Methodology 102 3.8.3 Summary of habitat diversity survey 104 3.8.3.1 Floristic diversity 104 3.8.3.2 Faunal diversity 113 3.8.4 Photographs of flora & fauna 118 3.8.5 Conclusion and Discussion 119 3.8.6 Suggested mitigation measures 120 3.9 SOCIO- ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 120 3.9.1 Objective 120 3.9.2 Baseline Data 120 3.9.2.1 Population 121 3.9.2.2 Literacy and Education 121 3.9.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY 121 3.9.3.1 Education Facilities 122 3.9.3.2 Medical Facilities 124 3.9.3.3 Archaeological Sites 126 3.9.3.4 Places of Worship 126 3.9.3.5 Places of Recreation DP of Mumbai 128 3.9.3.6 High Rise and Dilapidated Buildings 129 3.9.3.7 Employment Opportunities 133 3.9.3.8 Cultural Resources 133 CHAPTER - 4: ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 4.1 INTRODUCTION 134 4.2 PURPOSE OF ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT 134 4.3 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENT IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT 135 Prepared by Fine Envirotech Engineers EIA report of proposed Andher (E) –Dahisar (E) Corridor of Mumbai Metro Project by MMRDA (Alignment) 4.4 NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 135 4.4.1 IMPACTS DUE TO PROJECT LOCATION 135 4.4.1.1 Land Use 136 4.4.1.2 Trees cutting 136 4.4.1.3 Issues related to Utility/ Drainage 137 4.4.1.4 Socio-Economic Impact 137 4.4.1.5 Impact on Historical places 137 4.4.2 PROJECT DESIGN RELATED IMPACTS 137 4.4.2.1 Lighting 137 4.4.2.2 Earthquake 138 4.4.2.3 Project Affected People (PAPs) 138 4.4.3 PROJECT CONSTRUCTION RELATED IMPACTS 138 4.4.3.1 Soil Erosion, water Pollution and health risk at concentration site 138 4.4.3.2 Traffic diversion & risk to existing buildings 139 4.4.3.3 Excavated Soil Disposal 139 4.4.3.4 Air pollution due to Dust Emission 139 4.4.3.5 Increased Water Demand 140 4.4.3.6 Impact due to supply of Construction Material 140 4.4.3.7 Generation of Construction and Demolition Waste (Debris) waste 140 4.4.3.8 Impact due to Casting Yard and Batching Plant 140 4.4.3.9 Noise Levels 141 4.4.3.10 Loss of Historical and Cultural Monuments 143 4.4.3.11 Impact due to Labour camp 143 4.4.4 Impacts Due To Project Operation 143 4.4.4.1 Noise Pollution 144 4.4.4.2 Water supply and Sanitation Requirements at Stations 145 4.4.4.3 Solid Waste Generation at Station 145 4.4.5 Impacts Due To Depot 146 4.4.5.1 Oil spills 146 4.4.5.2 Noise Pollution 146 4.4.5.3 Loss of trees 146 4.4.5.4 Water Requirement 146 4.4.5.5 Sewage & Effluent Generation 147 4.4.5.6 Solid and Hazardous Waste 147 4.4.5.7 Surface drainage 147 4.5 POSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 147 4.5.1 Aesthetic enhancement 148 4.5.2 Increased Employment Opportunities 147 4.5.3 Enhancement of Economy 148 4.5.4 Mobility Safety and Reduced Accidents 148 4.5.5 Traffic Congestion Reduction 148 4.5.6 Reduced Fuel Consumption 149 Prepared by Fine Envirotech Engineers EIA report of proposed Andher (E) –Dahisar (E) Corridor of Mumbai Metro Project by MMRDA 4.5.7 Reduction in Buses/ Auto rickshaws/Taxis 149 4.5.8 Reduced Air Pollution 149 4.5.9 Carbon Credits 150 4.5.10 Improvement of Quality of Life 154 4.6 EVALUATION OF IMPACTS 154 4.6.1 CHECKLIST OF IMPACTS 154 4.6.2 MATRIX PROCEDURE FOR IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND 156 QUANTIFICATION 4.7 MITIGATION MEASURES 157 4.7.1 Compensatory Afforestation 158 4.7.2 Construction Material Management - Storage and procurement 158 4.7.3 Labour Camp 159 4.7.4 Energy Management 160 4.7.5 Hazardous Waste Management 160 4.7.6 Environmental Sanitation 160 4.7.7 Utility Plan 161 4.7.8 Air Pollution Control Measures 162 4.7.9 Construction and Demolition Waste Noise Control Measures 163 4.7.10 Management of Construction and Demolition Waste 165 4.7.11 Traffic Diversion/ Management 165 4.7.12 Soil Erosion Control 166 4.7.13 Water Supply, Sanitation and Solid Waste Management 167 4.7.14 Rain water harvesting 168 4.7.15 Tree Protection 168 4.7.16 Management Plans for Depot 169 4.7.17 Mitigation measures adopted at Casting yard and Batching Plant (CY: 171 BP) CHAPTER - 5: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 5.1 Analysis of Alternatives 176 CHAPTER - 6: INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION 6.1 PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE 178 6.1.1 Consultation with Stakeholders 178 6.1.2 Compliance with Regulatory and Funding Agency Requirement 178 6.1.3 Disclosure of the EIA and Monitoring Reports 179 CHAPTER - 7: GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 7.1 Grievance Redressal 180 7.2 Situating a Grievance Redress Mechanism 180