BIM-DRIVEN ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE By AYAD KHALID ALMAIMANI A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2018 1 © 2018 Ayad Khalid Almaimani. 2 To Allah first and last for the support I have been blessed with 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Firstly, I am grateful to Allah for guiding me to choose to work on BIM of Islamic architecture and guide me to be at University of Florida with one of the most experts in Building Information Modeling Associate Professor Nawari Nawari, Who stand and support me until I became what I am now with all blessing. Professor Nawari is my advisor and committee chairman that has all of my sincere regards and gratitude. I’m also grateful to my advisor and committee co-chair Dr. R. Raymond Issa for his support throughout this research project. I am also thankful to Associate Professor Michael Kuenstle and Professor Fazel Najafi for their support, guidance, effort and feedback. Thank you for being a valuable part of this research. I am thankful to the Department of Architecture, College of Environmental Design, at King Abdul Aziz University (KAU) for supporting me as a Faculty Member in the architectural department to pursue my higher education to achieve my Ph.D. degree. My dear wife Reem, thank you for your support and understanding. Without your love and patience, I would not be able to succeed in my journey. My parents, thank you for your invocation. I am forever grateful to your love and support. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...............................................................................................................4 LIST OF TABLES ...........................................................................................................................7 LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................................................8 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................11 ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................................12 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................14 Statement of Purpose ..............................................................................................................17 Significance ............................................................................................................................19 Scope and Limitation ..............................................................................................................21 Research Question ..................................................................................................................22 Objectives ...............................................................................................................................22 2 LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................................................26 Introduction .............................................................................................................................26 Islamic Architecture ................................................................................................................27 General ............................................................................................................................27 Ottoman Khilafah (Empire) .............................................................................................28 Area of Research .....................................................................................................................29 Jeddah ..............................................................................................................................29 What is the Hejazi Islamic Architecture Character? .......................................................30 The Connection between HIAC with Other Architectural Characters and Styles ..........32 The Differences between the Bay Windows of Jeddah, Cairo, and Aleppo ...................37 Building Models .....................................................................................................................38 Digital Classification Library .................................................................................................39 BIM .........................................................................................................................................41 1-BIM Tool Used ............................................................................................................48 2- Visual Studio ...............................................................................................................53 3 METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................81 Method ....................................................................................................................................81 BIM Tools ...............................................................................................................................82 The Revit® API is a tool .........................................................................................................83 Taxonomy ...............................................................................................................................83 5 4 ANALYSIS .............................................................................................................................86 Data Collection .......................................................................................................................86 Zaha Hadid, Norman Foster, and SOM Architectural Firms. Location: Middle East .....88 Architectural Firms ..........................................................................................................89 Library Development ..............................................................................................................90 Build The Three-Dimensional Objects of The HIAC .....................................................90 BIM components ......................................................................................................90 Framework for BIM components .............................................................................91 Structure of nested components ...............................................................................94 Program a Plug-in Application ........................................................................................95 Organize Data that Accompanies each Three-Dimensional Model :Schema and Classification................................................................................................................97 Examine the Effects of Using the Library on Reductions of Time in the Project Concept, Architectural Plans, and Architectural Perspectives Phases. ......................100 Digital Library ......................................................................................................................102 Applications: Plug-In ............................................................................................................104 5 CONCLUSION .....................................................................................................................150 6 FUTURE WORK ..................................................................................................................154 APPENDIX A STUDY AND ANALYZE THE PROJECTS AT THE MIDDLE EAST DESIGNED BY ZAHA HADID ARCHITECTURAL FIRM ..................................................................156 B STUDY AND ANALYZE THE PROJECTS AT THE MIDDLE EAST DESIGNED BY NORMAN FOSTER ARCHITECTURAL FIRM .........................................................163 C STUDY AND ANALYZE THE PROJECTS AT THE MIDDLE EAST DESIGNED BY SOM ARCHITECTURAL FIRM ..................................................................................172 D APPLY THE USE OF THE BIM-IA APPLICATION ON ONE OF THE PROJECTS AT THE MIDDLE EAST DESIGNED BY ARCHITECTURE FIRMS OF NORMAN FOSTER ...............................................................................................................................178 LIST OF REFERENCES .............................................................................................................183 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .......................................................................................................191 6 LIST OF TABLES Table page 4-1 An example of classification details of IA. ......................................................................148 4-2 Comparison between Two Design Approaches. ..............................................................149 7 LIST OF FIGURES Figure page 1-1 Digital library application process. ....................................................................................24 1-2 Appended metadata when accessing the proposed digital library. ....................................25 2-1 The Islamic Architecture Styles Timeline.. .......................................................................55 2-2 Location of Jeddah on a World Map modified from Google Maps. ..................................55 2-3 The reach of the Ottoman Empire. .....................................................................................56