PORTALS TO THE PAST AND TO THE FUTURE JÜRGEN SEEFELDT The advent of the digital era has raised questions on the future course of library development. The challenge of maintaining a LUDGER SYRÉ balance between their educational, cultural and service roles has presented libraries with new challenges – challenges which their rich and varied media holdings, modern technical infrastructure and information specialist competence well equip them to face. This fourth revised and extended English edition of “Portals to the Past and to the Future” by Jürgen Seefeldt and Ludger Syré, now in its fifth German edition, is an in-depth state-of-the art report on current German librarianship. Lavishly illustrated, PORTALS the book traces the history of libraries in Germany, portrays the various types of library and cites many examples of the TO THE PAST AND TO outstanding achievements of nationwide library cooperation in the Federal Republic of Germany. The reader will gain both a revealing insight into the cultural and educational THE FUTURE policy underlying the German library system and an outline of the profession. Special at- tention has been paid to current developments such as the preservation and presentation of the common cultural heritage and the emergence of the digital library. LIBRARIES This book has been translated not only into English but also into Arabic, Italian, Japanese, Spanish, Russian and Turkish and is now the standard work on libraries and librarianship IN GERMANY in Germany. Because of the interest it has generated internationally, it was decided to pub- lish the German and English versions of this new edition simultaneously. The book pro- vides trainee librarians and non-librarians alike with a clear picture of the way in which PUBLISHED BY libraries were able to cooperate in the aftermath of the Second World War to overcome the BIBLIOTHEK & INFORMATION vagaries of the federal system and create an effective decentralized library network more DEUTSCHLAND E.V. – THE FEDERAL than a match for the challenges of the third millennium. UNION OF GERMAN LIBRARY AND ISBN 978-3-487-15563-0 INFORMATION ASSOCIATIONS (BID) www.olms.de 4TH REVISED PORTALS TO THE PAST AND TO THE FUTURE TO THE PAST PORTALS AND EXTENDED EDITION OLMS SEEFELDT · SYRÉ #####_Portale_Neuausgabe_final_01_CC2015.indd 2 14.06.17 17:46 PORTALS TO THE PAST AND TO THE FUTURE LIBRARIES IN GERMANY JÜRGEN SEEFELDT LUDGER SYRÉ JÜRGEN SEEFELDT LUDGER SYRÉ PORTALS TO THE PAST AND TO THE FUTURE LIBRARIES IN GERMANY PUBLISHED BY BIBLIOTHEK & INFORMATION IN DEUTSCHLAND (BID) – THE FEDERAL UNION OF GERMAN LIBRARY AND INFORMATION ASSOCIATIONS WITH A FOREWORD BY HEINZ-JÜRGEN LORENZEN TRANSLATED BY JANET MACKENZIE INCORPORATING A REVISED TRANSLATION OF THE 1ST EDITION BY DIANN PELZ-RUSCH 4TH REVISED AND EXTENDED EDITION 2017 Georg Olms Verlag Hildesheim • Zürich • New York TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword by Heinz-Jürgen Lorenzen, • The State Library of Berlin—Prussian President of the Federal Union of German Cultural Heritage (Staatsbi blio thek zu Library and Information Associations ... 7 Berlin – Preußischer Kulturbesitz ............... 45 German librarianship in figures ................ 9 • The Bavarian State Library in Munich (Bayerische Staatsbi blio thek) ........................ 47 1 HISTORY 10 • The Central Subject Libraries ......................... 48 State Libraries (Landesbi blio theken) The Historical Development and other Regional Libraries ..................... 50 of Libraries in Germany ................................ 10 Libraries of Higher • From the Middle Ages until Education Institutions ................................. 52 Secularisation ......................................................... 10 • From the 19th Century to the • University Libraries .............................................. 53 Second World War ................................................ 13 • Libraries of the Universities • From Divided to United Germany ............... 17 of Applied Sciences and other Das Werk ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. • Libraries in the 21st Century .......................... 21 Higher Educational Institutions .................. 55 Jede Verwertung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes Special and Technical Libraries ................. 56 ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlages unzulässig. Dies gilt insbesondere für 2 EDUCATION AND CULTURE 23 Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspeicherung Public Libraries ................................................ 61 Germany’s Political, Administrative und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. and Organizational Structure .................... 23 • Local Authority Public Libraries ................... 62 • Mobile Libraries ..................................................... 69 Educational Institutions .............................. 27 This work is copyright protected by German copyright law • State Service Centers for No part of this book may be utilized, translated, reproduced on microfilm • General Schools ..................................................... 27 Public Libraries ....................................................... 71 or stored and processed in electronic form without the permission • Vocational Training .............................................. 30 • Public Libraries maintained of the publishers • The Public and Private Media Sector ........ 30 by the Churches ..................................................... 72 • Continuing Professional Education and Training ............................................................. 32 Special Areas of Public Librarianship ..... 73 • Adult Education and • Children’s and Young People’s Die Deutsche Nationalbi blio thek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Community Colleges ........................................... 32 Libraries ...................................................................... 73 Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über • Universities and other • School Libraries ...................................................... 75 http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. Higher Education Institutions ...................... 32 • Music Libraries ........................................................ 78 • Libraries and the Promotion The German National Library lists this publication in the German National The Book Trade ................................................. 36 of Reading ................................................................... 80 Bibliography. Detailed bibliographic data are available online at Archives .............................................................. 38 • The Intercultural Work of the http://dnb.d-nb.de Public Libraries ....................................................... 83 3 LIBRARY DIVERSITY 40 • Library Services for Special User Groups ............................................ 85 The Multifaceted Picture • Other Libraries ........................................................ 88 © Georg Olms Verlag, Hildesheim 2017 of Libraries in Germany ................................ 40 www.olms.de The Many Different Types The Information Infrastructure ................ 89 All rights reserved of Funding Institutions ................................ 40 4 PROFESSIONS AND Printed in Lithuania • Public Funding Institutions: Federal Government—Federal States— ASSOCIATIONS 91 Printed on acid-free, age-resistant paper Municipalities—Foundations ....................... 40 The Organization(s) of German • Church Funding ..................................................... 41 Librarianship .................................................... 91 Cover design and Layout: Weiß-Freiburg – Graphik & Buchgestaltung • Private Funding ...................................................... 42 Printed by: BALTO Print The Library Professions ................................ 91 The Many Different Types of Library ...... 42 The History of Professional ISBN 978-3-487-15563-0 The Great National Libraries ...................... 42 Librarianship Training .................................. 93 • The German National Library Librarianship Training and Training (Deutsche Nationalbi blio thek) ..................... 43 Institutions in Germany ............................... 94 Continuing Professional Education Cooperative User and FOREWORD and Training for Library Staff .................... 97 Information Services ..................................... 135 Cooperation Among German Libraries ... 97 • National interlibrary Lending ....................... 135 The publication of this fourth updated and re- • Electronic Document Delivery vised English edition of “Portals to the Past and • The Federal Union of German Library Services ....................................................................... 137 to the Future—Libraries in Germany” is timed and Information Associations (BID) • Cooperative Information Services .............. 138 to coincide with the 106th German Library as Umbrella Organisation ................................ 98 Congress in Frankfurt. The first original German • German Library Association (Deutscher edition was published during the 96th Congress Bibliotheksverband e.V. – dbv) ....................... 100 6 BETWEEN THE PRESENT of the International Federation of Library As- • Network of Excellence for Libraries AND THE FUTURE—THE LIBRARY sociations IFLA in 2003 and has proved to be a (knb) of the dbv ....................................................... 103 IN THE DIGITAL ERA 140 great success; it has since been translated into • Association