Chinese Japanese Flying Squid (JFS) Fisheries Improvement Scoping Report December 2018 Ocean Outcomes (O2) Contacts: Songlin Wang, China Program Director Qing Fang, Consultant Dr. Jocelyn Drugan, Analytics Team Director and Fishery Scientist Rich Lincoln, Founder and Senior Advisor www.oceanoutcomes.org 1 Chinese JFS Fishery Improvement Scoping Report: October 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................................................. 4 1.1 OVERVIEW OF FISHERY PRE-ASSESSMENT .......................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 OVERVIEW OF FIP SCOPING .................................................................................................................................................... 5 2. STOCK AND FISHERY DESCRIPTION ...................................................................................................... 6 2.1 SPECIES AND STOCK .................................................................................................................................................................. 6 2.2 FISHERY OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................................................................. 9 2.2.1 Location ............................................................................................................................................................................. 9 2.2.2 Gear, seasons and other characteristics .......................................................................................................... 11 2.2.3 Seasonal characteristics of the domestic JFS fishery ................................................................................. 12 2.2.4 Catch information ...................................................................................................................................................... 12 3. SQUID SECTOR SUPPLY CHAIN OVERVIEW ....................................................................................... 14 3.1 GLOBAL ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 14 3.2 CHINA......................................................................................................................................................................................... 14 3.2.1 China’s national squid export overview........................................................................................................... 15 3.3 CHINA’S LIKELY JFS SQUID IMPORT TRADE ..................................................................................................................... 21 4. ANALYSIS OF PARTNER JFS SUPPLY CHAINS .................................................................................... 22 4.1 TRAWL FISHERY SUPPLY SECTOR ....................................................................................................................................... 22 4.1.1 Landing - first purchase .......................................................................................................................................... 22 4.1.2 Post landing materials storage ........................................................................................................................... 22 4.1.3 Processing and export .............................................................................................................................................. 23 4.2 JFS PURSE SEINE SUPPLY CHAIN (ZHEJIANG) .................................................................................................................. 24 4.3 JFS GILLNET SUPPLY CHAIN (SHANDONG) ....................................................................................................................... 24 4.4 FURTHER ANALYSIS OF CHINESE JFS TRAWL FISHERY BASED IN SHANDONG ........................................................ 25 4.4.1 South Korea .................................................................................................................................................................. 26 4.4.2 Japan ................................................................................................................................................................................ 27 4.4.3 North Korea .................................................................................................................................................................. 27 4.4.4 Role of transshipment vessels and transshipment at sea ........................................................................ 28 4.4.5 Potential challenges for meeting area fished purchase specifications ............................................. 29 4.4.6 Possible management approach to address domestic JFS fishery interests ................................... 30 4.5 VESSEL FISHING AREA VERIFICATION ................................................................................................................................ 30 4.5.1 AIS evaluation.............................................................................................................................................................. 30 4.5.2 Future verification efforts ...................................................................................................................................... 32 5. FISHERY SUSTAINABILITY PERFORMANCE ...................................................................................... 32 5.1 PRE-ASSESSMENT AND FISHERY IMPROVEMENT NEED BY MSC PERFORMANCE INDICATOR ............................. 33 5.2 FURTHER SCOPING CONSIDERATIONS................................................................................................................................ 37 5.2.1 Non-trawl gear............................................................................................................................................................ 37 5.2.2 Trawl fishery insights from scoping investigations ................................................................................... 38 5.2.3 Issues and recommendations from 2017 monitoring ............................................................................... 39 6. STAKEHOLDER MAPPING AND ENGAGEMENT ................................................................................. 40 6.1 KEY GOVERNMENT MANAGEMENT AUTHORITIES........................................................................................................... 40 6.1.1 Oceanic and Fishery Bureau of Shandong Province .................................................................................. 41 www.oceanoutcomes.org 2 Chinese JFS Fishery Improvement Scoping Report: October 2018 6.1.2 Zhejiang Province Ocean and Fisheries Bureau .......................................................................................... 43 6.2 SCIENCE INSTITUTES .............................................................................................................................................................. 43 6.2.1 Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute (SMRERI) ............................... 43 6.2.2 Marine Fishery Institute of Zhejiang Province ............................................................................................. 44 6.3 KEY CHINESE SEAFOOD INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS ......................................................................................................... 44 6.3.1 Chinese Aquatic Products Processing and Marketing Alliance (CAPPMA) ..................................... 44 6.4 CHINESE JFS SUPPLY SECTOR .............................................................................................................................................. 45 6.4.1 Processors ...................................................................................................................................................................... 45 6.4.2 Catching sector ........................................................................................................................................................... 45 6.5 INTERNATIONAL BUYERS AND RETAIL PARTNERS ......................................................................................................... 46 6.6 OCEAN OUTCOMES (O2) ...................................................................................................................................................... 46 6.7 OTHER NGOS........................................................................................................................................................................... 47 7. FIP IMPLEMENTATION ........................................................................................................................... 47 7.1 YEAR 1 (2018) FIP ACTIVITIES – PATHWAY TO LAUNCH ........................................................................................... 47 7.2 FIP STRUCTURAL CONSIDERATIONS .................................................................................................................................. 48 7.2.1 O2’s role .......................................................................................................................................................................... 48 7.2.2 FIP Industry Commission