Manual on the Development of Cleaner Production Policies— Approaches and Instruments Guidelines for National Cleaner Production Centres and Programmes Vienna, October 2002 UNIDO CP Programme prepared by: Mr. Pawel Kazmierczyk (UNIDO CP Policy Consultant) under the direction of Ms. Mayra Regina Sanchez Osuna and Ms. Petra Schwager-Quijano Cleaner Production and Environmental Management Branch Programme Development and Technical Cooperation Division, UNIDO Table of Contents: BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................1 MODULE 1: INTRODUCING CP.................................................................................................... 5 SLIDE: EVOLUTION OF APPROACH TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ..............................................6 SLIDE: KEY DATES ...........................................................................................................................8 SLIDE: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT.............................................................................................10 SLIDE: CP AS A TOOL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ...............................................................11 SLIDE: WHAT IS CLEANER PRODUCTION ? .....................................................................................12 SLIDE: WHAT IS CLEANER PRODUCTION/2?...................................................................................12 SLIDE: CP FOR PRODUCTION PROCESSES........................................................................................13 SLIDE: CP FOR PRODUCTS..............................................................................................................13 SLIDE: CP FOR SERVICES ...............................................................................................................14 SLIDE: CP AS A FOUR-IN-ONE TOOL ...............................................................................................15 SLIDE: BASIC SCHEME OF A CP PROJECT........................................................................................17 SLIDE: EXAMPLES OF CP OPPORTUNITIES ......................................................................................17 SLIDE: WHY IS CP BENEFICIAL FOR INDUSTRY? ............................................................................18 SLIDE: OTHER RELATED CONCEPTS................................................................................................19 SLIDE: OTHER RELATED CONCEPTS/2.............................................................................................19 SLIDE: CP—THREE COMMON MISCONCEPTIONS ............................................................................21 SLIDE: CP—THREE COMMON MISCONCEPTIONS/2 .........................................................................22 SLIDE: GLOBAL NETWORK OF UNIDO/UNEP NATIONAL CLEANER PRODUCTION CENTRES ........23 SLIDE: EXISTING CP CENTRES IN LATIN AMERICA ........................................................................23 SLIDE: CP PROGRAMMES IN LATIN AMERICA................................................................................24 SLIDE: CP POLICY PROGRESS IN LATIN AMERICA ..........................................................................25 SLIDE: CP POLICY PROGRESS IN LATIN AMERICA/2 .......................................................................26 MODULE 2: BASICS OF A NATIONAL CLEANER PRODUCTION POLICY ..................... 27 SLIDE: WHAT IS A POLICY? ............................................................................................................28 SLIDE: POLICY-MAKING—TWO MEANINGS ....................................................................................29 SLIDE: “POLICY” VERSUS “LEGISLATION”......................................................................................29 SLIDE: POLICY DEVELOPMENT: BASIC TERMS ................................................................................30 SLIDE: POLICY DEVELOPMENT: BASIC TERMS/2 .............................................................................30 SLIDE: POLICY DEVELOPMENT—HIERARCHY.................................................................................35 SLIDE: THE OBJECTIVES OF A CP POLICY .......................................................................................35 SLIDE: WHY HAVE A CP POLICY? ..................................................................................................36 SLIDE: POLICY INTEGRATION .........................................................................................................37 SLIDE: TYPICAL POLICIES OF RELEVANCE TO CP............................................................................39 SLIDE: INSERTION POINTS FOR CP IN SECTORAL POLICIES..............................................................39 SLIDE: INSERTION POINTS FOR CP IN SECTORAL POLICIES/2 ..........................................................40 SLIDE: HOW CPCS CAN BE INVOLVED IN POLICY-MAKING.............................................................42 SLIDE: EXAMPLES OF CP-RELATED EVENTS...................................................................................43 MODULE 3: CP POLICY DEVELOPMENT CYCLE................................................................. 46 SLIDE: GENERAL POLICY DEVELOPMENT CYCLE ............................................................................47 SLIDE: POLICY-MAKING: GENERAL OBSERVATIONS .......................................................................49 SLIDE: BASIC CONDITIONS FOR CP POLICY DEVELOPMENT ............................................................50 SLIDE: SPECIFIC STEPS IN POLICY DEVELOPMENT...........................................................................51 SLIDE: SPECIFIC STEPS IN POLICY DEVELOPMENT/2........................................................................52 SLIDE: STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS ...................................................................................................53 SLIDE: STAKEHOLDERS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS......................................................................54 SLIDE: CP AWARENESS-RAISING AMONG POLICY MAKERS.............................................................56 SLIDE: SETTING UP A HIGH-LEVEL STEERING COMMITTEE .............................................................58 SLIDE: ESTABLISH A TECHNICAL POLICY DEVELOPMENT GROUP....................................................59 SLIDE: THE IMPORTANCE OF INDIVIDUALS IN THE POLICY GROUP ..................................................61 SLIDE: EVALUATION OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM..............................................................................62 SLIDE: BUILD CONSENSUS AND A COMMON GOAL ..........................................................................64 SLIDE: IDENTIFY PRIORITIES AND FOCUS AREAS.............................................................................66 SLIDE: DEFINE CLEAR AND MEASURABLE OBJECTIVES...................................................................67 SLIDE: FORMULATE A STRATEGY FOR IMPLEMENTATION ...............................................................68 SLIDE: SELECT A MIX OF POLICY INSTRUMENTS .............................................................................69 SLIDE: DESIGN AN ACTION PLAN AND PROGRAMMES .....................................................................71 SLIDE: ORGANIZE HUMAN AND FINANCIAL RESOURCES .................................................................72 SLIDE: IMPLEMENTING THE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN .............................................................73 SLIDE: CARRY OUT INFORMATION AND EDUCATION CAMPAIGNS ...................................................74 SLIDE: MONITORING OF IMPLEMENTATION ....................................................................................76 SLIDE: EVALUATION OF POLICY EFFECTIVENESS............................................................................77 SLIDE: PERIODIC POLICY ADJUSTMENT ..........................................................................................79 SLIDE: COMMON BARRIERS TO CP POLICY DEVELOPMENT ............................................................79 SLIDE: COMMON BARRIERS TO CP POLICY DEVELOPMENT/2 .........................................................80 █ █ █ MODULE 4: POLICY TOOLS AND INSTRUMENTS................................................................. 83 SLIDE: WHAT IS A POLICY INSTRUMENT?.......................................................................................84 SLIDE: RANGE OF POLICY INSTRUMENTS........................................................................................84 SLIDE: POLICY INSTRUMENTS ........................................................................................................85 SLIDE: POLICY INSTRUMENTS/2 .....................................................................................................86 SLIDE: REGULATORY INSTRUMENTS ..............................................................................................87 SLIDE: REGULATORY INSTRUMENTS/2 ...........................................................................................89 SLIDE: MARKET-BASED INSTRUMENTS ..........................................................................................93 SLIDE: MARKET-BASED INSTRUMENTS/2 .......................................................................................98 SLIDE: ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS—TAXES...................................................................................102