Household Economy Survey 2012 Khargone, Khandwa, Panna and Dewas District F A C T - S H E E T Author: Katharina Schmidt Partner organisation: Jan Sahas July 2012 Table of Contents List of Tables .......................................................................................................................................... iv List of Figures ......................................................................................................................................... v Abbreviations & Acronyms .................................................................................................................... ix Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................ 1 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 3 2 Methodology ................................................................................................................................... 4 3 Background of the districts .............................................................................................................. 7 3.1 Background of the Blocks ........................................................................................................... 11 3.2 Characteristics of the Livelihood zones ...................................................................................... 14 4 Livelihood Zone 1: Tribal dry agricultural zone ........................................................................... 21 4.1 Background to the Food Economy Zone ..................................................................................... 21 4.1.1 Price and markets ................................................................................................................. 22 4.1.2 Seasonal calendar ................................................................................................................. 23 4.1.3 Wealth breakdown ................................................................................................................ 25 4.2 Income and expenditures ............................................................................................................. 26 4.2.1 Income .................................................................................................................................. 26 4.2.2 Expenditures ......................................................................................................................... 27 4.3 Production ................................................................................................................................... 28 4.3.1 Landholding.......................................................................................................................... 28 4.3.2 Crop production .................................................................................................................... 29 4.3.3 Livestock and animal products ............................................................................................. 30 4.3.4 Hunting, Fishing and NTFP ................................................................................................. 30 4.4 Food ............................................................................................................................................. 30 4.4.1 Food sources ......................................................................................................................... 30 4.4.2 Hunger time .......................................................................................................................... 31 4.4.3 Food patterns ........................................................................................................................ 32 4.4.4 Calorie intake ....................................................................................................................... 33 4.5 Implementation of government programmes .............................................................................. 35 4.5.1 NREGA ................................................................................................................................ 35 4.5.2 PDS ....................................................................................................................................... 37 4.5.3 ICDS ..................................................................................................................................... 37 4.6 Shocks ......................................................................................................................................... 38 5 Food Economy zone 2: Non-irrigated hilly zone .......................................................................... 39 5.1 Background to the Food Economy Zone ..................................................................................... 39 5.1.1 Seasonal calendar ................................................................................................................. 40 5.1.2 Wealth breakdown ................................................................................................................ 42 i 5.2 Income and expenditures ............................................................................................................. 43 5.2.1 Income .................................................................................................................................. 43 5.2.2 Expenditures ......................................................................................................................... 44 5.3 Production ................................................................................................................................... 45 5.3.1 Landholding.......................................................................................................................... 45 5.3.2 Crop production .................................................................................................................... 46 5.3.3 Livestock and animal products ............................................................................................. 47 5.3.4 Hunting, Fishing and NTFP ................................................................................................. 47 5.4 Food ............................................................................................................................................. 47 5.4.1 Food sources ......................................................................................................................... 47 5.4.2 Hunger time .......................................................................................................................... 48 5.4.3 Food patterns ........................................................................................................................ 49 5.4.4 Calorie intake ....................................................................................................................... 50 5.5 Implementation of government programmes .............................................................................. 52 5.5.1 NREGA ................................................................................................................................ 52 5.5.2 PDS ....................................................................................................................................... 53 5.5.3 ICDS ..................................................................................................................................... 53 5.6 Shocks ......................................................................................................................................... 54 6 Food Economy Zone 3: Irrigated valley zone ............................................................................... 55 6.1 Background to the Food Economy Zone ..................................................................................... 55 6.1.1 Seasonal calendar ................................................................................................................. 57 6.1.2 Wealth breakdown ................................................................................................................ 59 6.2 Income and expenditures ............................................................................................................. 60 6.2.1 Income .................................................................................................................................. 60 6.2.2 Expenditures ......................................................................................................................... 61 6.3 Production ................................................................................................................................... 62 6.3.1 Landholding.......................................................................................................................... 62 6.3.2 Crop production .................................................................................................................... 62 6.3.3 Livestock and animal products ............................................................................................. 63 6.3.4 Hunting, Fishing and NTFP ................................................................................................. 63 6.4 Food ............................................................................................................................................