ﺗﻴﺴﲑ ﺍﻷﺟﺮﻭﻣﻴﺔ Simplifying Al-Ajaroomiyyah @ @ COMPILED BY : ABUL -LAYTH QASIM IBN AGGREY MUTIVA אאğא אعאْم Types of Speech אْم W אْא }אKْ Speech: Is the composed saying or utterance which is beneficial in its placement or composition. وْ Wא }و }وKú And it is divided into three groups: Ism (noun), and F'il (verb), and Harf (a preposition which conveys meaning). W ú ْْ} وא } ودلאوאم So the Ism (Noun) is known by Al-Khafdh (the acceptance of Jarr ), and At-Tanween (a mark which indicates indefiniteness), and the acceptance of Alif Laam (the definite article). ووúאْْ } و W } و } و } و} و} و } وאْ } وאúْ } وאم And the letters of Khafdh are min E Fand Eelaa E F and 'An E F and 'Ala E F and Fee E F and Rubba E F and .FلF and Al-Kaaf FE and Al-Laam E ِبAl-Baa E ووúאْ } و Wאْאو} وאْ } وאK F andوAnd the letters of Avowal (Pledge) are: Al-Waaw E Al-Baa FE and At-Taa FE . وאْ ú}وא } وúوאْאK FسAnd The F'il (Verb) is known by QadE F and As-Seen E and Sawfa Eú F and At-Taa At-Ta'neeth As-Saakinah FE . 2 وאúْدאودאْ K And the Harf (Preposition) is that which does not accept any of the Ism (Noun) or F'il (Verb) indicators or signs. אא The chapter of Grammatical Analysis אא W وאאúْאْאאא ًْوْאKً The Grammatical analysis is the changing of vowel markings at the end of words according to the addition of specific helping words or prepositions whether they are written or supposed E F. وْ W ْ } و } وْ } وم The categories of grammatical analysis are four: F مRaf' E ْ Fand Nasb E Fand Khafdh Eْ Fand Jazm E ذאْ } وא } وאْْ } وم FאF and Khafdh Eْْא F, Nasb EאSo for the nouns is Raf' Eْ .Fnot includedאْمwith Jazm E وْلذאْ } وא } وאْم } وْ FאْمF andJazm EאF, Nasb Eאْ And for the verbs is Raf' E . F not includedאwith Khafdh Eْْ אא The Chapter of knowing the signs of grammatical analysis ْ Wא } وאْאو}وא } وאنK FKThere are four signs which indicate the condition of Raf': TheنE , Fand the NoonאF,the Alif EوDhommah FE , the Waaw E 3 א W نًْאאאْْد } و אْ}وאْא } وאْ אْعאK As for the Dhommah FE W Then it is an indicator of Raf' in four Instances: 1. The Singular Noun 2.The Broken Plural 3.The Sound Feminine plural 4.The present tense verb which has nothing attached to the end of it. وאْאو W نًْ W אْאوא אْ } و W } و } و } و } وذ ولKٍ :FW Then it is an indicator of Raf' in two casesوAs for the Waaw E 1.The Sound Masculine plural and 2.The Five Exceptional Nouns which are: Abooka E F, Akhooka E F, Hamooka E F, FK ذوٍلFooka E F, and Dhoo Maalin E وא W نًْאKً F, Then it is an indicator of Raf' specifically inאAs for the Alif E the dual forms. و אن W نًْאْאْع }ذאא } و ٍ }وאْאKْ F, Then it is an indicator of Raf' in theنAs for the Noon E present tense if it is connected to an attached pronoun of duality, an attached pronoun of plurality, or an attached pronoun used to address the female gender. و W אْ}وא } وאْ } وאْ } وúאن K And for the condition of Nasb there are five signs: the Fathah FE , F,the Kasrah FE ,the Yaa FE , and the removal of theאthe Alif E letter Noon . 4 אْ W نً א Wאאْْد } و אْ } وאْאْعذאدًوK As for the Fathah FE , then it is an indicator of the state of Nasb in three instances: 1. In the Singular Nouns. 2. In broken plural forms. 3. In the Present tense verbs if a Naasib (subjunctival) precedes it and there is nothing attached to the last letter in the verb. وא W نًא אْ } F وEو ذK F, then it is an indicator of the state of Nasb inאAs for the Alif E F وthe Five Nouns. Like the following example:E And whatever resembles this. و אْ W نًאْאK As for the Kasrah FE , then it is an indicator of the state of Nasb for the Sound Feminine Plurals. وאْ W نًאوאKْ As for the the Yaa FE , then it is an indicator of the state of Nasb in both the Dual and Plural Noun forms. و úאن W نًאْلאْאْאنK As for the removal of the letter Noon , then it is an indicator of the state of Nasb in the Five Verbs when the indicator of the state of Raf' is the fixedness of the letter Noon . אْ } وאْ} وאْ K The Kasrah FE ,the Yaa E F ,and the Fathah FE . وWْ And for the condition of Khafdh , there are three signs. 5 אْ W نًْ א W אאْْدאúْ } و אْאúْ}و אْאK As for the Kasrah FE , then it is an indicator of the state of Khafdh in three instances. 1. The Singular Noun which has vowel markings that can be changed. 2. In Broken Plural forms where the vowel markings can also be changed. 3. In the Sound Feminine Plurals. وאْ W نً ْ א W אאْ}و א } وאKْ As for the Yaa FE , then it is an indicator of the state of Khafdh in three instances. 1.The Five Nouns. 2.The Dual Forms. 3. The Plural forms. وאْ W نًْ אאKú As for the Fathah FE , then it is an indicator of the state of Khafdh for the Nouns which are fixed and do not change their vowel markings. ومن Wאن } وאْ Kú And for the state of Jazm , there are two signs. 1. The Sukoon FE 2. Removal אن W نًمאْאْع אאK As for the Sukoon FE , then it is an indicator of the state of Jazm in the Present Tense Verbs which end in a sound letter. Any letter .F}و}אother than E وאW úْ نًمאْאْعאْ א } و אْل אْאْאنK As for Removal, then it is an indicator of the state of Jazm when Fand it is also}و}אthe last letter in a present tense verb is weak E 6 an indicator of the state of Jazm in the Five Verbs when the sign of the state of Raf' is the fixedness of the letter Noon . Wאْ Section: Words which contain vowel markings that can be changed אْن W ْ}و ْوKú The words which contain vowel markings that can be changed are divided into two groups. One group is identified by diacritical vowel markings while the other group is identified by way of letters. ْאٍع W אאْْد}و אْ } و אْ א } وאْ אْعאK So the group which is identified by way of vowel markings contains four types of nouns. 1. The Singular Noun. 2. The Broken Plural. 3. The Sound Feminine Plural. 4. The Present tense verb to which there is nothing attached to the end of it. و } و } و } ومنK In all of the previous nouns the condition of Raf' is indicated by a , Dhommah FE ,the condition of Nasb is indicated by a Fathah FE the condition of Khafdh is indicated by a Kasrah FE , and the condition of Jazm is indicated by a Sukoon FE . وجذ W אْ אْ}وאא ú }وאْאْعאْאمKú The only exceptions from those are three: 1. The Sound Feminine Plural in which the condition of Nasb is indicated by a Kasrah FE . 2. The condition of Khafdh in Nouns which vowel marks do not change is a Fathah FE K3. The Present Tense Verb which ends with Fenters the state of Jazm with the removal of}و}אa weak letter E its last letter. 7 وאْوúאٍع Wא}وאא } وאאْ } وאْلאْ } و W ْن } وْن } وْن } وْن} وKْ And the group of words which are grammatically identified by letters are of four types: 1.The Dual Form 2. The Sound Masculine F and ْنPlural 3. The Five Nouns 4.The Five Verbs which are E F and Eْ FKْنFandEْنF and E ْنE א W } ووKْ As for the Dual form then the condition of Raf' is indicated by an Fand the condition of Nasb and Khafdh is indicated by theאAlif E the letter Yaa FE . و אא W ْאو } وو Kْ As for the Sound Masculine Plural, then the condition of Raf' is Fand both the condition of Nasbوindicated with the letter Waaw E and Khafdh are indicated by the letter Yaa FE . وאאْ W ْאو } و } وKْ As for the Five Nouns then the condition of Raf' with them is Fand the condition of Nasb isوindicated with the letter Waaw E F, and the condition of Khafdh isאindicated with the letter Alif E indicated with the letter Yaa FE . وאْلאْ W ن } ووK As for the Five Verbs then condition of Raf' with them is .Fنindicated by the establishment and firmness of the letter Noon E Both the conditions of Nasb and Jazm are indicated by the .Fنremoval of the letter Noon E 8 אْل The Chapter of Verbs אْل W ضٍ } وع } و } } } و } وאK The verbs are of three types: Past Tense, Present Tense, and Command Form. For Example:E FHe hit,E F He hits , !(F Hit (him or it אand E وאْع W نوאوאאאE F و عًא } وزمK The Present tense is preceded by one of four extra letters which are gathered together in the word E F and the present tense is always in a state of Raf' until an article of Nasb or Jazm enters upon it and alters its vowel marking. ًא } وWن} و} وذن} و } ومو } ومאْد } و}و אْאْوאْאو } ووK F and E F ذنF and EF and EنThe Articles of Nasb are ten: E FאْאْوאْאوFand E F and E مאْدFand E موand E .Fوand E وאْאزم } وW} و } و } و } ومאوא}وE F אوא } ونووو } وذ } و } و } وون } و}و } و } وذ אאKً The Articles of Jazm are twelve: FE and EF and EF and E F F نوووE FF and E אوאFand E مאوאand E Fand E Fand E FونFand EFand E F and E ذand E .Fwhen it is used specifically in poetryذאand E F and E א The Chapter of the Nouns which are in the state of Raf' 9 אْ } و Wאْ } وאْْلא } وאْ } و}و אF ن E وא } وFنE وא } وאع } و Wא } אْْ } وא } وאْلK The Nouns which are in the state of Raf' are seven: They are Fאْْلא F verbal subject (doer), and the Eאْ the E , F Nominal Subjectאsubject in the passive voice, and the Eْ F the Noun of Kaanaאن وאand its E FPredicate, and E F the Predicate of Inna and her ن وאand her sisters, and E F the follower of something in the state ofאعsisters, and E ,F conjunctionאF the adjective, EْْאRaf' which are four:E .F substitutionאْل Femphasis, and EאE אْ The Chapter of the Verbal Subject (Doer) אْ Wאאْعאْ K The Verbal Subject (Doer) is the Noun in the state of Raf' which is preceded by its own verb.