Confluence of Cosmology, Massive Neutrinos, Elementary Particles, and Gravitation Confluence of Cosmology, Massive Neutrinos, Elementary Particles, and Gravitation Edited by Behram N. Kursunoglu Global Foundation, Inc. Coral Gables, Florida Stephan L. Mintz Florida International University Miami, Florida and Arnold Perlmutter University of Miami Coral Gables, Florida Kluwer Academic Publishers New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow eBook ISBN: 0-306-47094-2 Print ISBN: 0-306-46208-7 ©2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow All rights reserved No part of this eBook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher Created in the United States of America Visit Kluwer Online at: http://www.kluweronline.com and Kluwer's eBookstore at: http://www.ebooks.kluweronline.com PREFACE Just before the preliminary program of Orbis Scientiae 1998 went to press the news in physics was suddenly dominated by the discovery that neutrinos are, after all, massive particles. This was predicted by some physicists including Dr. Behram Kusunoglu, who had a paper published on this subject in 1976 in the Physical Review. Massive neutrinos do not necessarily simplify the physics of elementary particles but they do give elementary particle physics a new direction. If the dark matter content of the universe turns out to consist of neutrinos, the fact that they are massive should make an impact on cosmology. Some of the papers in this volume have attempted to provide answers to these questions. We have a long way to go before we find the real reasons for nature’s creation of neutrinos. Another neutrino-related event was the passing of their discoverer, Fredrick Reines: The trustees of the Global Foundation, members of the Orbis Scientiae 1998, dedicate this conference to Fredrick Reines of the University of California at Irvine. The late Professor Reines was a loyal and active member of these series of conferences on the frontiers of physics and cosmology since 1964. He also sewed as one of the trustees of the Global Foundation for the past three years. Professor Reines discovered the most elusive particle, the neutrino, in 1954. We are proud to say that we recognized the importance of this discovery by awarding him the J. Robert Oppenheimer memorial Prize 15 years before the Nobel Foundation’s recognition of him in 1995. We shall all miss Fred. We extend our condolences to all the members of his family: his wife Sylvia Reines, his son and daughter, and four grandchildren. This conference was supported in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation. The Trustees and the Chairman of the Global Foundation wish to extend a special thanks to Edward Bacinich of Alpha Omega Research Foundation for his generous support of this conference. BehramN. Kursunoglu Stephan L. Mintz Arnold Perlmutter V ABOUT THE GLOBAL FOUNDATION,INC. The Global Foundation, Inc. was established in 1977 and utilizes the world’s most important resource . people. The Foundation consists of senior men and women in science and learning; outstanding achievers and entrepreneurs from industry, governments, and international organizations; and promising, enthusiastic young people. These people form a unique and distinguished interdisciplinary entity, and the Foundation is dedicated to assembling all the resources necessary for them to work together. The distinguished senior members of the Foundation convey their expertise and accumulated experience, knowledge, and wisdom to the younger membership on important global issues and frontier problems in science. Our work is a common effort, employing the ideas of creative thinkers with a wide range of experiences and viewpoints. GLOBAL FOUNDATION BOARD OF TRUSTEES Behram N. Kursunoglu, Global Foundation, Inc., Chairman of the Board, Coral Gables M. Jean Couture, Former Secretary of Energy of France, Paris Manfred Eigen*, Max-Planck-Institut, Göttingen Willis E. Lamb, Jr.*, University of Arizona Louis Néel*, Université de Gronoble, France Frederick Reines*, University of California at Irvine Glenn T. Seaborg*, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Henry King Stanford, President Emeritus, Universities of Miami and Georgia *Nobel Laureate vi GLOBAL FOUNDATION’S RECENT CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS Making the Market Right for the Efficient Use of Energy Edited by: Behram N. Kursunoglu Nova Science Publishers, Inc., New York, 1992 Unified Symmetry in the Small and in the Large Edited by: Behram N. Kursunoglu and Arnold Perlmutter Nova Science Publishers, Inc., NewYork, 1993 Unified Symmetry in the Small and in the Large -1 Edited by: Behram N. Kursunoglu, Stephan Mintz and Arnold Perlmutter Plenum Press, 1994. Unified Symmetry in the Small and in the Large - 2 Edited by: Behram N. Kursunoglu, Stephan Mintz and Arnold Perlmutter PlenumPress, 1995. Global Energy Demand in Transition: The New Role of Electricity Edited by: Behram N. Kursunoglu, Stephan Mintz and Arnold Perlmutter PlenumPress, 1996. Economics and Politics of Energy Edited by: Behram N. Kursunoglu, Stephan Mintz and Arnold Perlmutter Plenum Press, 1996. Neutrino Mass, Dark Matter, Gravitational Waves, Condensation of Atoms and Monopoles, Light Cone Quantization Edited by: Behram N. Kursunoglu, Stephan Mintz and Arnold Perlmutter Plenum Press, 1996. Technology for the Global Economic, Environmental Survival and Prosperity Edited by: Behram N. Kursunoglu, Stephan Mintz and Arnold Perlmutter Plenum Press, 1997. 25th Coral Gables Conference on High Energy Physics and Cosmology Edited by: Behram N. Kursunoglu, Stephan Mintz and Arnold Perlmutter Plenum Press, 1997. vii Environmentand Nuclear Energy Edited by: Behram N. Kursunoglu, Stephan Mintz and Arnold Perlmutter Plenum Press, 1998. Preparing the Ground for Renewal of Nuclear Power Edited by: Behram N. Kursunoglu, Stephan Mintz and Arnold Perlmutter Plenum Press, 1999. Confluence of Cosmology, Massive Neutrinos, Elementary Particles, and Gravitation Edited by: Behram N. Kursunoglu, Stephan Mintz and Arnold Perlmutter Plenum Press, 1999. CONTRIBUTING CO-SPONSORS OF THE GLOBAL FOUNDATION CONFERENCES National Science Foundation Alpha Omega Research Foundation, Palm Beach, Florida viii Gl bal Foundation, Inc. A Nonprofit Organization for Global Issues Requiring Global Solutions, and• for Problems on the Frontiers of Science Center for Theoretical Studies P.O. Box 249055 Coral Gables, Florida 33124-9055 Phone: 305-669-9411 Board of Trustees Fax: 305-669-9464 Behram N. Kursunoglu e-mail: [email protected] Chairman Website:http://www.gate.net/~kursungf Coral Gables, Florida Jean Couture Paris, France Manfred Eigen* Göttingen, Germany INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE Willis E. Lamb* On Tucson, Arizona ORBIS SCIENTIAE 1998 Louis Neel* Meudon, France Glenn T. Seaborg* Berkeley, California CONFLUENCE OF COSMOLOGY, MASSIVE Henry King Stanford NEUTRINOS, ELEMENTARY PARTICLES, & Americus, Georgia GRAVITATION *Nobel Laureate (27th Conference on High Energy Physics and Cosmology Since 1964) December 17 - 21, 1998 Lago Mar Resort Fort Lauderdale, Florida Dedication: The trustees of the Global Foundation, members of the 27th Orbis Scientiae 1998, dedicate this conference to Fredrick Reines of the University of California at Irvine. The late Professor Fredrick Reines has been a loyal and active member of these series of conferences on the frontiers of physics since 1964. He has also served as one of the trustees of the Global Foundation for the past three years. Professor Reines discovered the most elusive particle the neutrino, in 1954. We are proud to say that we recognized the importance of this discovery very early by awarding him the J. Robert Oppenheimer Memorial prize 15 years before the Nobel Foundations' recognition of him in 1995. We shall all miss Fred. We extend our condolences to all the members of his family: his wife, Sylvia Reines, his son and daughter, and his four grandchildren. Sponsored by: Conference Hotel: GLOBAL FOUNDATION, INC. P. O. Box 249055 Lago Mar Resort Coral Cables, Florida 33124-9055 1700 South Ocean Lane Phone: (305) 669-9411 Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33316 Fax: (305) 669-9464 Reservations:1-800-255-5246 E-mail:[email protected] (954)523-6511 Website: http://www.gate.net/~kursungf Fax: (954) 524-6627 The special group rate: $115/night One Bedroom Suite ix BOARD OF TRUSTEES INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE X ORBIS SCIENTIAE 1998 PROGRAM FRIDAY, December 18, 1998 LAKEVIEW ROOM 8:00 AM - Noon REGISTRATION 1:30 PM SESSION I: MASSIVE NEUTRINOS AND SOLAR NEUTRINO PROBLEM Moderators: HYWEL WHITE, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico Dissertators: JOHN BAHCALL, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton "Solar Model" ALFRED K. MANN, University of Pennsylvania "Evidence for Neutrino Mass and Mixing", JORDAN GOODMAN, University of Maryland "Search For Neutrino Mass with Super-KAMIOKAMDE" KEVIN LESKO, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory "Sudbury Neutrino Observatory" Annotators: ALAN KOSTELECKY, Indiana University Session Organizer: HYWEL WHITE 3:00 PM COFFEE BREAK 3:15 PM SESSION I: CONTINUES 3:45 PM SESSION II : GRAVITATION Moderators: BEHRAM N.KURSUNOGLU, Global Foundation Inc. SYDNEY MESHKOV, California Institute of Technology Dissertators: BEHRAM N.KURSUNOGLU "Gravitating Massive Neutrino Multiplicity" EDWARD TELLER, University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory ''The Mass of the Neutrino"presented by Behram N. Kursunoglu ROBIN STEBBINS, University of Colorado "LlSA--SpaceBased Interferometer"