Table of Contents I. Formulation of New Tokyo Environmental Master Plan ����� 1. Positioning of the New Plan ………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. Trends Surrounding Tokyo ���������������������������������� (1) Social and economic trends……………………………………………………………………………………… (2) Trends in environmental fields………………………………………………………………………………… 3. Vision for Tokyo’s Future ����������������������������������� II. Directions of Future Environmental Policies ������������ Policy 1 Realization of a Smart Energy City ���������������� 1. Promotion of Energy Efficiency Measures and Energy Management ���������� 2. Expansion of Introduction of Renewable Energy ���������������������� 3. Creating a Hydrogen-Based Society ����������������������������� Policy 2 Facilitation of 3Rs/Proper Waste Disposal and Promotion of Sustainable Use of Resources ���������������������� 1. Promotion of Sustainable Use of Resources ������������������������ 2. Development of Venous Business and Promotion of Proper Disposal of Waste ���� 3. Reinforcement of Disaster Waste Measures ������������������������ Policy 3 Succession of Urban Environment Symbiotic with Diverse Forms of Life in Luxuriant Nature �������������������� 1. Conservation of Biodiversity and Creation of Greenery ������������������ 2. Development of Environment to Support Conservation of Biodiversity and Expansion of Citizens’ Engagement……………………………………………………………………………… Policy 4 Ensuring a Comfortable Air Environment, and Quality Soil and Water Cycles…………………………………………………………………………………… 1. Further Improvements in Air Environment ������������������������� 2. Reduction of Environmental Risks Due to Chemical Substances ������������� 3. Improvements in Water/Thermal Environment ����������������������� Policy 5 Comprehensive and Cross-Sectional Efforts in Environmental Initiatives………………………………………………………………………………………… 1. Cooperation with Various Participants ���������������������������� 2. Promotion of Environmental Consciousness toward Sustainable Urban Development………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. Enhancement of System for Highly Enforceable Environmental Administration……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… III. Ensuring Promotion of the Plan ������������������ Glossary………………………………………………………………………………………… I Formulation of New Tokyo Environmental Master Plan 1. Positioning of the New Plan 2. Trends Surrounding Tokyo 3. Vision for Tokyo’s Future 1. Positioning of the New Plan I. Formulation of New Tokyo Environmental Master Plan I. Formulation of New Tokyo Environmental Master Plan 1. Positioning of the New Plan With a view to becoming the city with the least environmental load in the world, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG) has developed a broad range of environmental initiatives, including the Tokyo Cap-and-Trade Program*1, in accordance with the Tokyo Metropolitan Environmental Master Plan formulated in March 2008. However, circumstances surrounding TMG’s environmental initiatives have significantly changed in the eight years since the formulation of the plan. Combating climate change issues has become a global-level challenge as proven by the fact that a new international framework for greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction etc. was upheld at the 21st session of the Conference of the Parties (COP21) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change held in Paris from November to December in 2015. Japan has also had many challenges to work on: the difficulty in energy supply and demand revealed after the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011, growing resource constraints, improvements in air environment affected by particulate matter (PM2.5*2), and conservation of biodiversity. With a far-sighted roadmap to solve these challenges in mind, TMG needs to cope flexibly with changes in values II. Directions of Future Environmental Policies II. Directions of Future Environmental Policies expected on a global basis with an increased recognition of environmental measures, be suitably responsive to shifts in social and economic conditions and technological innovation, and aggressively develop advanced environmental initiatives. In 2020, the Olympic and Paralympic Games will be held in Tokyo. Environmental policies required of TMG also include presenting visitors with a view of what a sustainable city looks like through the Games, encouraging society as a whole to realize sustainability, promoting cooperative and engaged efforts for the realization, and handing down the results as a legacy. We have formulated the new Tokyo Environmental Master Plan to introduce Tokyo residents to the Tokyo of the future and the development of policies to realize it. We will develop the policies in an all-out effort to pursue our ideals through cooperation with citizens, businesses, and other stakeholders. III. Ensuring Promotion of the Plan III. Ensuring Promotion of the Plan 2.2. TrendsTrends SurroundingSurrounding TokyoTokyo I. Formulation of New Tokyo Environmental Master Plan I. Formulation of New Tokyo Environmental Master Plan 2. Trends Surrounding Tokyo (1) Social and economic trends In global terms: Population is growing and concentrated in cities Based on the statistics prepared by the United Nations Development Programme*3 (UNDP), the world population will reach approximately 9.7 billion in 2050, increasing from approximately 7.3 billion in 2015, as a result of population growth in Asia, Africa, etc. Urban population accounted for 13% of the world population in 1900, 29% in 1950, and 54% in 2014. Population is expected to become increasingly concentrated in cities worldwide, likely resulting in 66% of the world population living in cities by 2050. ▼ Estimated world population ▼ Urban and rural population of the world II. Directions of Future Environmental Policies II. Directions of Future Environmental Policies (Thousands) (Millions) 6,000,000 5,000,000 4,000,000 Africa Asia 3,000,000 Europe Latin America and Caribbean 2,000,000 Northern America 1,000,000 Urban 0 Rural 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 Source: UNDP World Urbanization Prospects: 2014 Revision Source: UNDP World Urbanization Prospects: 2014 Revision What Tokyo sees: Development of a graying and declining population According to the National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, the Japanese population will be 86,740,000 in 2060, which is an approximately 30% decrease from 2010. The population of Tokyo was 13,160,000 in 2010 and will hit its peak and begin to decrease in 2020, declining by approximately 20% in 2060 from 2010. The elderly population will rapidly increase from 2010 to 2060 in Tokyo. In particular, the population aged 75 and over will more than double, with its percentage of the Japanese population growing from 9.4% to 25.0%. ▼ Transition of population of Japan and Tokyo ▼ Transition of population by age group in Tokyo III. Ensuring Promotion of the Plan III. Ensuring Promotion of the Plan (Millions) (Millions) (Millions) 40 160 14 (13.33) (13.36) (13.27) (13.08) Estimate (Right scale) Japan Estimate (13.16) (12.80) (12.58) (12.42) (Left scale) Tokyo (12.06) 1.48 1.47 1.41 1.29 1.17 (12.02) 35 140 (11.77) 1.07 127.77 128.06 23 wards 12 (0.114) 0.99 (11.56) 126.60 1.42 0.93 124.10 Tama and islands 1.42 (11.01) 120.66 1.50 0.88 116.62 0.83 (10.36) 30 112.12 120 107.28 10 0.77 102.21 (0.074) 97.08 25 91.93 100 86.74 8 8.74 8.72 8.48 8.03 7.39 6.82 Young population 8.85 8.79 6.28 5.84 5.53 (under 15) (0.682) 20 80 8.70 (0.534) 8.69 6 8.71 Working-age population (15 to 64) 15 13.16 13.33 13.36 13.27 13.08 60 12.58 12.80 12.42 12.02 11.56 Aging population 11.01 10.36 4 (65 to 74) 1.73 1.47 2.07 1.91 10 40 2.06 (0.141) 1.50 1.80 Aging population 1.54 1.37 9.11 9.17 9.15 9.06 1.43 1.61 (75 and over) 8.49 8.95 8.91 8.70 8.47 2 8.19 7.83 1.32 (0.110) 2.60 7.41 1.16 2.49 2.61 5 20 0.94 1.94 1.98 2.20 (0.250) 1.22 1.45 1.67 1.90 1.91 0.59 0.75 0.98 (0.094) 4.09 4.21 4.22 4.19 4.12 4.02 3.88 3.72 3.55 3.37 3.17 2.96 0 0 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055 2060 (Year) 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055 2060 (Year) Source: Long-Term Vision for Tokyo Source: Long-Term Vision for Tokyo 2. Trends Surrounding Tokyo I. Formulation of New Tokyo Environmental Master Plan I. Formulation of New Tokyo Environmental Master Plan Energy situation in the world The Energy White Paper of Japan indicates that energy demand in developed countries has remained at the same level while that in Asian countries, such as China and India, has sharply increased, predicting this trend will continue. ▼ Energy demand in the world: Reality and Estimate (Billion tonnes) 18 Others 16 (non-OECD) World 12% Approx. Central and South 1.3 times America 6% Non-OECD 14 countries Africa 6% Energy demand (oil equivalent) World Middle East Approx. 6% Others (non-OECD) 12 1.3 times Central and South America India India 9% Africa Approx. 10 2.1 times Middle East India India Approx. China China China 24% 8 1.6 times Approx. Russia 1.5 times OECD (exc. Japan & USA) China Approx. Japan II. Directions of Future Environmental Policies II. Directions of Future Environmental Policies Russia 5% 6 2.3 times USA OECD (exc. Japan & 4 USA) Japan 16% Japan Approx. Approx. 0.96 times Japan 3% 2 0.89 times USA 13% 0 2000 2011 2035 9.799 bn t 12.71 bn t 16.9 bn t Source: Energy White Paper from Agency for Natural Resources and Energy based on World Energy Outlook 2013 from IEA Outlook of Japanese economy The Cabinet Office, Government of Japan estimates that the real economic growth rate of Japan in 2020 and beyond will be a little less than 1% in a baseline scenario or 2% or more in an economic recovery scenario. ▼ Transition of real economic growth rate of Japan III. Ensuring Promotion of the Plan III. Ensuring Promotion of the Plan * Economic recovery scenario * Baseline scenario (FY) * The economic recovery scenario assumes that effects will be achieved by economic and fiscal policies designed to improve the economic situation in Japan.