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Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11931.html Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals Committee on Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals Institute for Laboratory Animal Research Division on Earth and Life Studies THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS Washington, D.C. www.nap.edu Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11931.html THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the Committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special com­ petences and with regard for appropriate balance. This study was supported by the American Veterinary Medical Association; Aventis Pharma­ ceuticals; the Bosack-Kruger Foundation; Bristol-Myers Squibb; GlaxoSmithKline; Humane Society of the United States; Scientists Center for Animal Welfare; Wyeth-Ayerst Pharmaceu­ ticals; Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service; and Depart­ ment of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health through Contract Number N01-OD-4-2139 Task Order #161. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project. The content of this pub­ lication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the National Institutes of Health, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. government. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Recognition and alleviation of distress in laboratory animals / Committee on Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals, Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, Division on Earth and Life Studies. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-309-10817-1 (pbk.) ISBN-10: 0-309-10817-9 (pbk.) 1. Laboratory animals—Health. 2. Laboratory animals—Effect of stress on. 3. Animal welfare. I. Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (U.S.). Committee for Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals. [DNLM: 1. Animal Welfare—standards. 2. Animals, Laboratory. 3. Laboratory Animal Science—ethics. QY 54 R307 2008] SF406R43 2008 636.088’5—dc22 2007052927 Additional copies of this report are available from The National Academies Press 500 Fifth Street, NW Box 285 Washington, DC 20055 800-624-6242 202-334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area) http://www.nap.edu Copyright 2008 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11931.html The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineer­ ing programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is presi­ dent of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Insti­ tute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sci­ ences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council. www.national-academies.org Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11931.html Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11931.html COMMITTEE ON RECOGNITION AND ALLEVIATION OF DISTRESS IN LABORATORY ANIMALS Members Peter A. Ward (Chair), University of Michigan Medical School Robert Blanchard, University of Hawaii Valerie Bolivar, New York State Department of Health Marilyn J. Brown, Charles River Laboratories Fon Chang, AstraZeneca, Boston James P. Herman, University of Cincinnati Robert Hubrecht, Universities Federation for Animal Welfare David M. Lawson, Wayne State University School of Medicine (retired) Steven F. Maier, University of Colorado David Morton, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (retired) Steven M. Niemi, Massachusetts General Hospital Melinda A. Novak, University of Massachusetts Stephen L. Zawistowski, American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Staff Joanne Zurlo, Director Lida Anestidou, Study Director (from November 2006) Marsha Barrett, Former Project Assistant (to September 2006) Kathleen Beil, Administrative Coordinator Cameron Fletcher, Senior Editor (from June 2007) Rhonda Haycraft, Senior Project Assistant (from September 2006) Jennifer Obernier, Former Study Director (to August 2006) Susan Vaupel, Former Senior Editor (to June 2007) Shimere Williams, Mirzayan Fellow v Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11931.html INSTITUTE FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL RESEARCH COUNCIL Members Stephen W. Barthold (Chair), University of California, Center for Comparative Medicine, Davis, California Kathryn A. Bayne, Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International, Waikoloa, Hawaii Myrtle A. Davis, Lilly Research Laboratories, Greenfield, Indiana Jeffrey I. Everitt, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Comparative Medicine and Investigator Support, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina Michael F. Festing, Leicestershire, United Kingdom (to June 2006) James G. Fox, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Division of Comparative