Directorate of Distance Education UNIVERSITY OF JAMMU JAMMU STUDY MATERIAL For M.A. SOCIOLOGY (SEMESTER-IST) TITLE : SOCIOLOGY OF FAMILY, KINSHIP AND MARRIAGE SESSION 2020 COURSE No. SOC-C-102 LESSON No. 1-20 Course Co-ordinator : Teacher Incharge : PROF. ABHA CHAUHAN DR. NEHA VIJ H.O.D., Deptt. of Sociology P. G. Sociology University of Jammu. University of Jammu. http:/wwwdistanceeducationju.in Printed and Published on behalf of the Directorate of Distance Education, University of Jammu, Jammu by the Director, DDE University of Jammu, Jammu. 1 SCRIPT WRITERS * Prof. B.K. Nagla * Prof. Madhu Nagla * Prof. J.R. Panda * Prof. Ashish Saxena * Prof. Abha Chauhan * Prof. Vishav Raksha * Prof. Neeru Sharma * Dr. Hema Gandotra * Dr. Neharica Subhash * Dr. Nisha Sharma * Dr. Kuljeet Singh © Directorate of Distance Education, University of Jammu, Jammu 2020 • All rights reserved . No part of this work may be reproduced in any form, by mimeograph or any other means, without permission in writing from the DDE , University of Jammu. • The script writer shall be responsible for the lesson/script submitted to the DDE and any plagiarism shall be his / her entire responsibility. Printed by : Sushil Printers /2020/650 2 Syllabus of Sociology M.A. lst Semester To be held in the year Dec. 2019, 2020 & 2021 (Non-CBCS) Course No. SOC-C-102 Title : Sociology of Family, Kinship and Marriage Credits : 6 Max. Marks : 100 Duration of examination : 2 & 1/2 hrs. (a) Semester examination : 80 (b) Sessional assessment : 20 Objectives : To demonstrate to the students the universally acknowledged social importance of Family and Kinship structure and familiarize them with the rich diversity in the types of networks of relationship created by genealogical links of marriage and other social ties. The course also intends to make the students understand how the study of kinship systems in different ethnographic settings can facilitate a comparative understanding of societies and social institutions. The course would also provide exposure to the students about different approaches, issues and debates in studies of kinship, marriage and family. Unit I Kinship Defining Kinship, Incest Taboo, Descent Groups and Descent Theory, Inheritance and Succession, Kinship Usages and Kinship Terminology. Unit II Marriage and Affinity Marriage : Meaning and Evolution, Alliance Theory : Symmetrical and Asym- metrical exchange, Marriage transactions, Rules of Residence. Unit III Family Definition, Structure and Function, Theoretical perspective on study of fam- ily, Alternatives to family institution, Changing family structure, Develop- ment cycle. Unit IV The Indian Context Kinship Studies in India : Specific Studies by Dumont, Irawati Karve and T.N. Madan, Forms of marriage among different communities in India, Joint Nuclear family debate, Household dimension of family : A.M. Shah. 3 Note for Paper Setting : The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Section A will consist of eight long answer type questions, two from each unit with internal choice. The candidate is required to answer any four questions selecting one from each unit. Each question carries 12 marks (12 x 4 = 48 Marks). Section B will consist of eight short answer type questions - two from each unit with internal choice. The candidate is required to answer four questions selecting one from each unit. Each question carries 6 marks (4 x 6 = 24). Section C consist of eight objective type questions one mark each. The candidate is required to answer entire the eight questions. Total weightage will be of 1 x 8 = 8 marks. -------- 4 Model Test Paper SOCIOLOGY Course No. : 102 Time Allowed - 2 & 1/2 hrs. Max. Marks - 80 Note : 1. Attempt four questions from Section -A, selecting one from each unit. Each question carries 12 marks. 2. Attempt four questions from Section - B, selecting one question from each unit. Each question carries 6 marks. 3. Attempt all questions from Section -C. Each question carries 1 mark. Section A Unit I 1. Define descent. Explain in detail the different descent groups. or What is kinship ? Explain in detail the different kinship usages with examples. Unit II 2. Explain in detail the alliance theory. or Explain in detail the different marriage transactions. Unit III 3. What are the different theoretical persectives of studying a family ? Explain any two in detail. or Explain in detail the structure and function of family. 5 Unit IV 4. Elaborate in detail the different forms of marriages among different communities in India. or Discuss in detail the joint / nuclear family debate. Section B Unit I 5. Write a short note on inherientance and succession. or Write a note on incest taboo. Unit II 6. Explain the meaning and evolution of family. or Explain in brief the rules of residence. Unit III 7. Discuss the changing family structure. or Explain briefly alternatives to family institution. Unit IV 8. Discuss the household dimension of family. or Explain in brief Karve’s observation on kinship structure in India. Section C Choose the correct answer. A. Kibbutzim is an example : i)Cohabitation ii) Communes iii) Single parent family iv)6 None of them B. “Invitation to social and cultural anthropology” book is authored by : i)K. N. Dash ii) Madan and Mazumdar iii) Lucy Mair iv) T. N. Madan C. The article “The emotionally disturbed child as a family scapegoat” is written by : i)Talcott Parsons ii) Vogell and Bell iii) G. P. Murdock iv) Dumont D. The family in which one is born is known as : i)Family of orientation ii) Family of procreation iii) Both (i) and (ii) iv) None of them E. Number of lineages combine together to form : i)Phratry ii) Moiety iii) Clan iv) All of them F. The concept of joint family was given by : i)Iravati Karve ii) Desai iii) Alien Ross iv) Kapadia G. When the married couple and their offspring put up with the husband’s family, the residence is : i)Patrilocal ii) Matrilocal iii) Avunculocal iv) None of them H. Individuals related to one another through marital ties are known as : i)Cognates ii) Affines iii) Uterines iv) All of them ~~ 7 CONTENTS Topic Page No. Unit I Basic Terms and Concepts Lesson No.1 Defining Kinship 1-36 Lesson No.2 Incest and Taboo 37-52 Lesson No.3 Descent Theory and Descent Groups 53-70 Lesson No.4 Inheritance and Succession 71-89 Lesson No.5 Kinship Terminology & Kinship Usages 90-118 Unit - II Marriage and Affinity Lesson No.6 Marriage : Meaning and Evolution 119-127 Lesson No.7 Alliance Theory : Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Exchange 128-141 Lesson No.8 Marriage Transactions and Affinity 142-151 Lesson No.9 Rules of Residence 152-156 Unit - III Family Lesson No.10 Structure and Functions of Family 157-173 Lesson No.11 Theoretical Perspective of Study of Family 174-180 Lesson No.12 Alternatives to Family Institution 181-188 Lesson No.13 Changing Family Structure 189-200 Lesson No.14 Development of Cycle 201-213 8 Topic Page No. Unit - IV The Indian Context Lesson No.15 Kinship Studies in India : 214-222 by Louis Dumont Lesson No.16 Kinship Studies in India : 223-245 by Iravati Karve Lesson No.17 Kinship Studies in India by T.N. Madan 246-271 Lesson No.18 Forms of Marriage Among Different 272-283 Communities in India Lesson No.19 Joint Nuclear Debate 284-292 Lesson No.20 Household Dimensions of the Family 293-302 9 PRESCRIBED READINGS: 1. Dube, Leela, Women and Kinship: Comparative Perspectives on Gender in South and South East Asia, New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1997. 2. Dube,L., Anthropological Explorations in Gender, Sage Pub., New Delhi, 2001. 3. International Encyclopedia Of Social Science, 1968. 4. Kapadia, K. M., Marriage & Family in India, 5. Karve,I. Kinship Organization in India. 6. Shah A.M., the Household Dimension of Family in India, New Delhi, 1973 7. Orient Longman, Berkeley University of California Press, 1974. 8. Radcliff Brown, Structure and Function in Primitive Society. London: Cohen and West, Reprinted, 1952. 9. Shah, A. M,. The Family in India: Critical Essays, New Delhi: Orient Longman, 1998. 10. Uberoi, Patricia, Family, Kinship and Marriage in India. New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1993 11. Madan, T.N., Family and Kinship in Rural Kashmir, Oxford University Press, 2002. ~~~~ 10 BASIC TERMS AND CONCEPTS Course No. SOC-C-102 Lesson No. 1 Semester-I Defining Kinship Unit-I Structure 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Objectives 1.3 What is Kinship 1.4 Kinship and Social Anthropology 1.5 Dilemmas in application of Kinship and Anthropology, 1.6 Kinship abbreviations and Diagrams 1.7 Types of Kinship 1.8 Degree of Kinship 1.9 Concept of Lineage 1.10 Concept of Kindred 1.11 Concept of Consanguinity & Affinity 1.12 Concept of Clain 1.13 Concept of Phratry, Moiety 1.14 Conclusion 1.15 References 1.1 Introduction In the societies of simple technology most statuses are ascribed. This is another way of saying that a person’s place in society, his rights and duties, his claim to property, largely depend on his genealogical relationships to other members. The primary social groups are all linked by kinship, and in many cases their membership is fixed by descent. The ties of kinship which are recognized in different societies give people claims to land 11 for cultivation, to other kinds of property, to mutual assistance in the pursuit of common interests, to authority over others ; and obligations which complement these claims. Thus, kinship occupies a prominent place both in the theoretical discourse of social anthropologists and in the life of the people. Kinship is often thought to be the most difficult sub-field of social anthropology, largely because of the extra effort it takes to master its practitioners, and the intricacies of kinship systems.