Table 1 Planets Orbit I Globe Equatorial Axis Planet Sidereal Perihelion Aphelion lnclinationl Diameter Oblateness Mass Density Albedo Tilt Period* Satellites Period (AU) (AU) (deg) . (km) (Earth=l)(water=J) (deg) (d h m) Mercury 87.97 d 0.31 0.47 7_.0 4878 0.0 0.06 5.4 0.06 0 58 15 30.2 0 Venus 224.70d 0.72 0.73 .3.4 12104 0.0 0.82 5.2 0.72 177 243 0 R 0 Earth 365.26d 0.98 1.02 0.0 12 756 0.0034 1.00 5.5 0.39 23.4 23 56.1 1 Mars 686.98d 1.38 1.67 1.8 6787 0.005 0.11 3.9 0.16 25.0 1 0 37.4 2 Jupiter 11.86 y 4.95 5.45 1.3 142800 0.065 317.83 1.3 0.70 3.1 9 50.5 16 & rings Saturn 29.46y 9.01 10.07 2.5 120000 0.108 95.17 0.7 0.75 26.7 10 14 +22& rings Uranus 84.01 y 18.28 20.09 0.8 50800 0.030 14.50 1.3 0.90 97.9 -16 R 5 & rings Neptune 164.79y 29.80 30.32 1.8 48600 0.026 17.20 1.8 0.82 29.6 -18 2 Pluto 247.7y 29.6 49.3 17.2 3000? 0 0.002 1.1? 0.9? 118? 6 9 17 1 *R indicates retrograde axial rotation. The rotation periods for Jupiter and Saturn refer to equatorial regions; the periods exceed 9h 5 5m and 1Oh 38m at higher latitudes, respectively. ,. ~ 427 Table2 P11111etary Satellites PLANET li!ar Diameter Orbital Eccentricity Orbital Inclination & of (km) Radius Period (") Satellite Discovery (Ift km) (days) EARTH moon 3476 384.4 0.055 27.32 23.4 MARS Phobos 1877 27 X 22 X 19 9.38 0.015 0.32 1.0 Deimos 1877 15 X 12 X 11 23.46 0.001 1.26 1.8 JUPITER Metis 1979 40 128 0.29 Adrastea 1979 24x20x16 129 0.30 Amalthea 1892 270 X 170 X 150 181 0.003 0.50 0.5 Thebe 1979 100 222 0.013 0.67 0.9 Io 1610 3630 422 0.004 1.77 0.0 Europa 1610 3050 671 0.009 3.55 0.5 Ganymede 1610 5260 1070 0.002 7.15 0.2 Callisto 1610 4800 1883 0.007 16.69 0.5 Leda 1974 20 11094 0.148 239 26 Himalia 1904 180 11480 0.158 250.6 28 Lysithea 1938 40 11720 0.107 259.2 29 Elara 1905 80 11740 0.207 259.7 25 Ananke 1951 30 21200 0.17 631 R 147 Car me 1938 40 22600 0.21 692R 164 Pasiphae 1908 50 23500 0.38 735 R 145 Sin ope 1914 40 23700 0.28 758R 153 SATURN 1980 S28 1980 40 X 20 138 0.61 0 1980 S27 1980 100 139 0.61 0 1980 S26 1980 100 142 0.63 0 1980 S3 1978 90 X 40 151 0.69 0 1980 S1 1978 100 151 0.69 0 Mimasc-o 1982 10 186 0.94 1.5 Mimas 1789 390 186 0.020 0.94 1.5 Enceladus 1789 500 238 0.004 1.37 0.0 Tethys 1684 1050 295 0.000 1.89 1.1 1980S25 1980 35 295 1.9 1980 S13 1980 35 295 1.9 Tethys c-o 1982 15 295 1.9 0 1982 15 350 2.4 Dione 1684 1120 377 0.002 2.74 0.0 1980 S6 1980 160 378 2.7 Dione c-o 1982 15 378 0.3 1982 470 Rhea 1672 1530 527 0.001 4.52 0.3 Titan 1655 5150 1222 0.029 15.95 0.3 Hyperion 1848 400 X 250 X 240 1481 0.104 21.28 0.4 Iapetus 1671 1440 3560 0.028 79.33 14.7 Phoebe 1898 160 12950 0.163 550.34R 150 428 Table 2 Planetary Satellites PLANET ~ar Diameter Orbital Eccentricity Orbital Inclination & of (km) Radius Period (") Satellite Discovery (HI km) (days) URANUS Miranda 1948 400 130 0.027 1.41 4 Ariel 1851 1300 191 0.003 2.52 0.3 Umbriel 1851 1100 266 0.004 4.14 0.4 Titania 1787 1600 436 0.002 8.71 0.1 Oberon 1787 1600 583 0.001 13.46 0.1 NEPTUNE Triton 1846 3800 355 0.000 5.88R 160 Nereid 1949 300 5510 0.75 360.2 28 PLUTO Charon 1978 1000? 20 0? 6.39 0? Note: The diameters given for the smaller satellites of Jupiter, and for many of the satellites of Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto, are uncertain. The orbits of the outer satellites of Jupiter vary considerably with time. The distances refer to the centre of the parent planet and the inclinations to the plane of the equator of the planet. R indicates retrograde motion. c-o in a satellite name indicates co-orbital. 429 Table 3 Minor planets No. Name Discovery Period Perihelion Aphelion Inc Diameter Rotation Year (years) (AU) (AU) (0) (km) (hours) I Ceres 1801 4.60 2.55 2.98 10.6 1003 9.1 2 Pallas 1802 4.61 2.11 3.42 34.8 540 10.5 3 Juno 1804 4.36 1.98 3.35 13.0 247 7.2 4 Vesta 1807 3.63 2.15 2.57 7.1 5\55 10.7 5 Astraea 1845 4.14 2.10 3.06 5.3 117 16.8 6 Hebe 1847 3.78 1.93 2.92 14.8 201 7.3 7 Iris 1847 3.69 1.84 2.94 5.5 209 7.1 10 Hygiea 1849 5.59 2.84 3.46 3.8 450 18.0 15 Eunomia 1851 4.30 2.14 3.14 11.7 272 6.1 31 Euphrosyne 1854 5.61 2.45 3.86 26.3 370 ? 433 Eros 1898 1.76 1.13 1.78 10.8 23 5.3 588 Achilles 1906 11.90 4.44 5.98 10.3 50 ? 944 Hidalgo 1920 14.04 2.00 9.64 42.5 15 ? 1221 Amor 1932 2.66 1.08 2.76 11.9 0.5 ? 1566 Icarus 1949 1.12 0.19 1.97 23.0 I 2.3 1862 Apollo 1932 1.78 0.65 2.29 6.3 I ? 2060 Chiron 1977 50.68 8.51 18.88 6.9 300? ?- 2062 A ten 1976 0.95 0.79 1.14 18.9 I ? - Adonis 1936 2.56 0.44 3.30 1.4 0.3 ? - Hermes 1937 2.10 0.62 2.66 6.2 0.5 ? Table 4 Meteor Showers Shower Normal Limits ZHRatMax. Quadrantids Jan.l-6 110 Corona Australids Mar.l4-18 5 April Lyrids Apr.l9-24 12 ., -Aquarids Mayl-8 20 JuneLyrids June 10--21 8 Ophiuchids Junel7-26 6 Capricornids July 10--Aug. 15 6 8 -Aquarids July 15-Aug.l5 35 Pisces Australids July 15-Aug. 20 8 a -Capricornids July 15-Aug. 25 8 Perseids July 25-Aug. 18 68 Cygnids Aug.l9-22 4 Orionids Oct.l6-26 30 Taurids Oct. 20--Nov. 30 12 Cepheids Nov. 7-11 8 Leonids Nov.l5-19 10 Phoenicids Dec.4-5 5 Geminids Dec. 7-15 58 Ursids Dec.l7-24 5 430 Table S Constellations Andromeda And Delphinus Del Perseus Per Antlia Ant Dorado Dor Phoenix Phe Apus Aps Draco Ora Pictor Pic Aquarius Aqr Equuleus Equ Pisces Psc Aquila Aql Eridanus Eri Piscis Austrinus PsA Ara Ara Fomax For Puppis Pup Aries Ari Gemini Gem Pyxis Pyx Auriga Aur Grus Gru Reticulum Ret Bootes Boo Hercules Her Sagitta Sge Caelum Cae Horologium Hor Sagittarius Sgr Camelopardalis Cam Hydra ,Hya Scorpius Sco Cancer Cnc Hydrus Hyi Sculptor Sci Canes Venatici CVn Indus Ind Scutum Set Canis Major CMa Lacerta Lac Serpens Ser Canis Minor CMi Leo Leo Sextans Sex Capricomus Cap Leo Minor LMi Taurus Tau Carina Car Lepus Lep Telescopium Tel Cassiopeia Cas Libra Lib Triangulum Tri Centaurus Cen Lupus Lup Triangulum Australe TrA Cepheus Cep Lynx Lyn Tucana Tuc Cetus Cet Lyra Lyr Ursa Major UMa Chameleon Cha Mensa Men Ursa Minor UMi Circinus Cir Microscopium Mic Vela Vel Columba Col Monoceros Mon Virgo Vir Coma Berenices Com Musca Mus Volans Vol Corona Australis CrA Norma Nor Vulpecula Vul Corona Borealis CrB Octans Oct Corvus Crv Ophiuchus Oph Crater Crt Orion Ori Crux Cru Pavo Pav Cygnus Cyg Pegasus Peg 431 Table 6 The Twenty-Five Brightest Stars Star Position (197 5) Apparent Distance Spectral Absolute magnitude (parsecs) Type Magnitude a 8 (m.J (M) Sirius, a CMa (/1 44.<F -16°41' -1.5* 2.7 A1V +1.4 Canopus, a Car 6 23.6 -52 41 -0.7 60 FOil -4.6 a Centauri 14 38.0 -60 44 -0.3* 1.31 G2V +4.2 Arcturus, a Boo 14 14.5 +19 19 -0.1 11 K2III -0.3 Vega, aLyr 18 36.0 +38 46 0.0 8.1 AOV +0.5 Capella, a.Aur 5 14.8 +45 52 0.1* 14 08III -0.6 Rigel, pOri 5 13.3 -8 14 0.1* 250 B8Ia -7.1 Procyon, a CMi 7 38.0 +5 17 0.4* 3.5 F5 IV-V +2.7 Achemar, a Eri 1 37.8 -57 22 0.5 35 B5V -2.2 pCentauri 14 02.1 -60 15 0.6* 120 B1 III -4.8 Altair, aAql 19 49.5 +8 48 0.8 5.1 A7IV-V +2.3 Betelgeuse, a Ori 5 53.8 +7 24 o.8t 200 M2Iab -5.7 Aldebaran, a Tau 4 34.0 +16 28 o.8* 21 K5 III -0.8 a Crucis 12 25.2 -63 00 0.9* 80 BliV -3.7 Spica, aVir 13 23.9 -11 01 LOt 65 B1V -3.1 Antares, aSco 16 27.8 -26 22 l.O*t 130 M1Ib -4.7 Pollux, p Gem 7 43.8 +28 05 1.2 11 KOIII +1.0 Fomalhaut, aPsA 22 56.2 -29 45 1.2 7 A3V +1.9 Deneb, aCyg 20 40.6 +45 11 1.3 430 A2Ia -7.2 pcrucis 12 46.2 -59 33 1.3 130 BO IIII -4.3 Regulus, aLeo 10 7.0 +12 5 t.J• 26 B7V -0.8 Adhara, £ CMa 6 57.7 -28 56 1.5 200 B211 -5.0 Castor, aGem 7 33.0 +31 56 1.6 14 A1V +0.8 Shaula, ASco 17 31.8 -37 5 1.6 96 B2IV -3.3 Bellatrix, Y Ori 5 23.8 +6 20 1.6 140 B2III -4.1 *Multiple star: Illy is integrated magnitude tVariable star 432 Table 7 Nearest Stan Star Position (1975) Distance Prop.Mot.App.mag.