Chapman Law Review Volume 21 Board of Editors 2017–2018 Executive Board Editor-in-Chief LAUREN K. FITZPATRICK Managing Editor RYAN W. COOPER Senior Articles Editors Production Editor SUNEETA H. ISRANI MARISSA N. HAMILTON TAYLOR A. KENDZIERSKI CLARE M. WERNET Senior Notes & Comments Editor TAYLOR B. BROWN Senior Symposium Editor CINDY PARK Senior Submissions & Online Editor ALBERTO WILCHES –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Articles Editors ASHLEY C. ANDERSON KRISTEN N. KOVACICH ARLENE GALARZA STEVEN L. RIMMER NATALIE M. GAONA AMANDA M. SHAUGHNESSY-FORD ANAM A. JAVED DAMION M. YOUNG __________________________________________________________________ Staff Editors RAYMOND AUBELE AMY N. HUDACK JAMIE L. RICE CARLOS BACIO MEGAN A. LEE JAMIE L. TRAXLER HOPE C. BLAIN DANTE P. LOGIE BRANDON R. SALVATIERRA GEORGE E. BRIETIGAM DRAKE A. MIRSCH HANNAH B. STETSON KATHERINE A. BURGESS MARLENA MLYNARSKA SYDNEY L. WEST KYLEY S. CHELWICK NICHOLE N. MOVASSAGHI Faculty Advisor CELESTINE MCCONVILLE, Professor of Law CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY HAZEM H. CHEHABI ADMINISTRATION JEROME W. CWIERTNIA DALE E. FOWLER ’58 DANIELE C. STRUPPA BARRY GOLDFARB President STAN HARRELSON GAVIN S. HERBERT,JR. GLENN M. PFEIFFER WILLIAM K. HOOD Provost and Executive Vice ANDY HOROWITZ President for Academic Affairs MARK CHAPIN JOHNSON ’05 JENNIFER L. KELLER HAROLD W. HEWITT,JR. THOMAS E. MALLOY Executive Vice President and Chief SEBASTIAN PAUL MUSCO Operating Officer RICHARD MUTH (MBA ’05) JAMES J. PETERSON SHERYL A. BOURGEOIS HARRY S. RINKER Executive Vice President for JAMES B. ROSZAK University Advancement THE HONORABLE LORETTA SANCHEZ ’82 HELEN NORRIS MOHINDAR S. SANDHU Vice President and Chief RONALD M. SIMON Information Officer RONALD E. SODERLING KAREN R. WILKINSON ’69 THOMAS C. PIECHOTA DAVID W. WILSON Vice President for Research EMERITUS CHAIRS BOARD OF TRUSTEES THE HONORABLE GEORGE L. WYLIE A. AITKEN, Chair ARGYROS ’59 ZEINAB H. DABBAH (JD ’12), DOY B. HENLEY Vice Chair DAVID A. JAMES,SR. PARKER KENNEDY, Vice Chair DONALD E. SODARO JOANN LEATHERBY, Vice Chair JAMES MAZZO, Vice Chair SCOTT CHAPMAN, Secretary EMERITUS TRUSTEES ZELMA M. ALLRED, Assistant RICHARD BERTEA Secretary LYNN HIRSCH BOOTH GUY AMBRAMO ARLENE R. CRAIG RICHARD AFABLE J. BEN CROWELL LISA ARGYROS ’07 ROBERT A. ELLIOTT DONNA FORD ATTALLAH ’61 DAVID C. HENLEY RAJ S. BHATHAL ROGER C. HOBBS JAMES P. BURRA JACK B. LINDQUIST MICHAEL J. CARVER RANDALL R. MCCARDLE ’58 (M.A. ’66) PHILLIP H. CASE CECILIA PRESLEY AKIN CEYLAN ’90 BARRY RODGERS IRVING M. CHASE RICHARD R. SCHMID SCHOOL OF LAW R. DAVID THRESHIE ADMINISTRATION MATTHEW J. PARLOW EX-OFFICIO TRUSTEES Dean and Donald P. Kennedy CONNIE BENSON ’93 Chair in Law REVEREND LA TAUNYA BYNUM ’76 REVEREND DON DEWEY MARISA S. CIANCIARULO BARBARA EIDSON Associate Dean for Academic NANCY FLEEMAN ’86 Affairs and Professor of Law REVEREND DAYNA KINKADE MELINDA M. MASSON JAYNE TAYLOR KACER DANIELE C. STRUPPA Associate Dean for Student Affairs REVEREND FELIX VILLANUEVA DONALD J. KOCHAN Parker S. Kennedy Professor in BOARD OF ADVISORS Law and Associate Dean for PARKER KENNEDY, Chair Research & Faculty Development WYLIE A. AITKEN ROBERT ALVARADO AMY ROGAN-MEHTA KAY ANDERLE Associate Dean for Administration PHILLIP H. CASE BOB CURRIE JUSTIN CRUZ ZEINAB H. DABBAH, M.D. (JD ’12) Assistant Dean of Admissions and JOHN R. EVANS Diversity Initiatives WOLFGANG FRISCH ’97 (JD ’00) THE HONORABLE RICHARD D. LINDA KAWAGUCHI FYBEL Hugh and Hazel Darling THE HONORABLE ANDREW J. Foundation Library Director and GUILFORD Professor of Law THE HONORABLE W. MICHAEL HAYES RICHARD FAULKNER DOY B. HENLEY Director of Academic Achievement THE HONORABLE PHILIP K. Program and Assistant Professor MAUTINO THE HONORABLE LAYNE H. RONALD L. STEINER MELZER Director of Law Graduate ROBERT E. MURDOCK Programs and Professor DAVID MURPHY THOMAS D. PHELPS GEORGE WILLIS STEVEN P. RUDEN (JD ’05) Director of the Tax Law Clinic, Associate Professor, and Administrator of the Graduate Tax Programs MARYAM ISLES MARISA S. CIANCIARULO Registrar Professor of Law and Associate Dean of Academic Affairs KELLY FARANO Business Manager BOBBY DEXTER Professor of Law LAW SCHOOL FACULTY FRANK J. DOTI DEEPA BADRINARAYANA William P. Foley II Chair in Professor of Law Corporate Law and Taxation RITA BARNETT-ROSE DAVID DOWLING Professor of Legal Research and Professor, Clinical Faculty Writing DR.JOHN EASTMAN MICHAEL BAZYLER Henry Salvatori Professor of Law Professor of Law and 1939 Society and Community Service, Former Law Scholar in Holocaust and Dean (2007-2010), and Director of Human Rights Studies the Center for Constitutional Jurisprudence THOMAS W. BELL Professor of Law KURT EGGERT Professor of Law and Director of DENIS BINDER the Alona Cortese Elder Law Professor of Law Center DANIEL BOGART RICK FAULKNER Bolinger Chair in Real Estate, Associate Professor and Director of Land Use, and Environmental Academic Achievement Law JUDD FUNK DR.THOMAS CAMPBELL Professor, Entertainment Law Professor of Law Faculty LAN CAO DR.JOHN A. HALL Betty Hutton Williams Professor of Professor of Law and Director of International Economic Law International Law Emphasis Program JENNY CAREY Professor of Legal Research and KATHY HELLER Writing Associate Professor of the Practice of Law and Executive Director of ANTHONY T. CASO the Entertainment Law Emphasis Professor, Clinical Faculty Program ERNESTO HERNANDEZ JULIE MARZOUK Professor of Law Assistant Professor, Clinical Faculty, and Co-Director of the HUGH HEWITT Bette and Wylie Aitken Family Professor of Law Protection Clinic SCOTT W. HOWE CELESTINE MCCONVILLE Frank L. Williams Professor of Professor of Law Criminal Law HENRY NOYES LINDA KAWAGUCHI Professor of Law Professor of Law and Director of the Hugh and Hazel Darling MATTHEW J. PARLOW Foundation Law Library Dean of Fowler School of Law and Donald P. Kennedy Chair in Law JANINE KIM Professor of Law ABIGAIL PATTHOFF Professor of Legal Research and DONALD J. KOCHAN Writing Associate Dean for Research and Faculty Development and Parker DR.RICHARD REDDING S. Kennedy Professor in Law Professor of Law and Vice Provost for Graduate Education MICHAEL LANG Professor of Law SUSANNA K. RIPKEN Professor of Law CAROLYN LARMORE Professor of the Practice of Law, LAWRENCE ROSENTHAL and Director of the Externship Professor of Law Program RONALD D. ROTUNDA STEPHANIE LASCELLES Doy and Dee Henley Chair and Associate Professor of Legal Distinguished Professor of Research and Writing Jurisprudence LISA LITWILLER MARY LEE RYAN Professor of Law Professor, Entertainment Law Faculty MARIO MAINERO Professor of Academic Achievement NANCY SCHULTZ and Executive Director of Bar Professor of Law and Director of Preparation and Academic Competitions and Alternative Achievement Dispute Resolution Program WENDY M. SEIDEN Professor, Clinical Faculty, and Co-Director of the Bette and Wylie Aitken Family Protection Clinic SANDRA W. SKAHEN Associate Professor, Clinical Faculty DR.VERNON L. SMITH George L. Argyros Endowed Chair in Finance and Economics and Professor of Economics and Law KENNETH STAHL Professor of Law and Director of the Environmental, Land Use, and Real Estate Law Program DR.WILLIAM STALLWORTH Professor of Law Emeritus DR.RONALD L. STEINER Professor and Director of Law Graduate Programs DR.PARHAM H. WILLIAMS,JR. Dean and Professor Emeritus GEORGE WILLIS Professor, Clinical Faculty and Director of the Tax Law Clinic DR.BART J. WILSON Donald P. Kennedy Chair of Economics and Law Chapman Law Review Volume 21 Winter 2018 Number 1 © 2018 by Chapman Law Review SYMPOSIUM: CONSTRAINING THE EXECUTIVE Introduction to Constraining the Executive Tom Campbell .................................................................... 1 Constraining Moses: Rethinking Thanksgiving Day Proclamations Paul Baumgardner .......................................................... 19 Promoting Executive Accountability Through Qui Tam Legislation Randy Beck ....................................................................... 41 Congress, the Courts, and Party Polarization: Why Congress Rarely Checks the President and Why the Courts Should Not Take Congress’s Place Neal Devins ...................................................................... 55 State Standing to Constrain the President F. Andrew Hessick and William P. Marshall ................. 83 Representative/Senator Trump? Gary Lawson .................................................................. 111 The Constitutional Powers of Anti-Publian Presidents: Constitutional Interpretation in a Broken Constitutional Order Sanford Levinson and Mark A. Graber ........................ 133 War Powers Litigation After Zivotofsky v. Clinton Michael D. Ramsey ........................................................ 177 Franklin Roosevelt and Presidential Power John Yoo ......................................................................... 205 Editor’s Note It is my honor to introduce Chapman Law Review’s first issue of Volume 21. This issue consists of our “paper-only symposium,” a collection of scholarly works discussing “Constraining the Executive,” that features eight articles discussing if, and how, constraining the executive is appropriate. The issue opens with a thought-provoking introduction by Professor Tom Campbell that provides insight into the creation of this written symposium and the articles in the collection, while also challenging the propositions advanced through this scholarship. The articles thereafter highlight each author’s unique and compelling insight into, and proposals for, executive