Journal of Crowd Safety and Security Management An online journal Vol. 2, No 1, December 2010 Journal of Crowd Safety and Security Management JCSSM An online journal Vol. 2 No1, December 2010 1 Journal of Crowd Safety and Security Management An online journal Vol. 2, No 1, December 2010 A Note from the Editors The publication online of this issue, Vol. 2 No. 1, of the Journal of Crowd Safety and Security Management (JCSSM) has coincided with the new Government‟s announcement of severe cuts to Higher Education funding. Consequently a gradual drop in the support and resources that the Journal had in the past enjoyed from the University has ensued. Faced with limited and decreasing resources, the reduction in the Journal‟s content was necessary to ensure that the quality of editing and reviewing was not compromised. This Journal‟s issue is thus quite late and smaller in content than its predecessors; for this we apologise. The Journal has had an excellent support from you, our contributors and readers; just as importantly it still enjoys the support of the crowd safety and security industries as demonstrated by the keen willingness of authors to have their work published on the electronic pages of the Journal and by the growing visits to the Journal‟s website by individuals working in these industries. A number of organisations, Higher Education institutions, and specialist national colleges have also requested to be placed on the Journal‟s database and to be alerted as new Journal issues become available. The fledgling, but now emerging discourses of crowd safety and protective security can only grow to meet the persistent demands for explanations of the practices in these expanding industries. Like in other social science discourses, the debate, which has already started (see Dr Clayton‟s article in this issue), will escalate as to whether the scientific school or the humanistic one provides better explanations. Irrespective of the direction this debate may take, whether these practices are viewed as scientific or cultural and artistic endeavors, the central task is to communicate them through publishing the nascent research of experienced student practitioners and contributions from concerned academics. As journal editors we intend to do this; more importantly, as editors of this Journal, we want this research to be published in the JCSSM. We are still driven by the vision to continue this work within the constraints of diminishing resources; and to continue publishing the Journal twice a year as originally planned. We owe this to you, our readers and contributors, and more than ever before, we seek, in these difficult times, your continuing help and support. Dr. Ali Bakir Editor-in-Chief On behalf of the Journal‟s Editors Editors Ali Bakir (Editor in Chief) PhD MBA MSc BSc (Hons) PGCE Stuart Kirk MBA PGCE, FInstLM Owen Grainger-Jones BA (Hons) PGCLTHE 2 Journal of Crowd Safety and Security Management An online journal Vol. 2, No 1, December 2010 Editorial Board Professor Ben Challis, Buckinghamshire New University Dr Ben Clayton, Buckinghamshire New University Professor Gil Fried, University of New Haven-USA Mark Hamilton, Managing Director G4S Secure Solutions (UK) Ltd Professor Chris Kemp, Buckinghamshire New University Professor Patrick Smith, Buckinghamshire New University Dr Mick Upton, The International Centre for Crowd Management and Security Studies Dr Eugenia Wickens, Buckinghamshire New University Phil Wood, MBE, Buckinghamshire New University Published Volumes - Volume 1, No. 1, February 2009 - Volume 1, No. 2, December 2009 - Volume 2, No. 1, December 2010 Notes for Contributors Practitioners‟ work based projects should be emailed as Word attachments to the Journal‟s Editors where they will be summarised and edited. Articles for a double blind review should be emailed to the Journal‟s Editors as Word attachments. The first page of the manuscript should include the title of the paper and the author's name, affiliation, address, telephone number and email- address. The second page should contain the title of the paper, an abstract (150 words) and up to five key words. Correspondence will be only with the first author. References and citations should follow the BNU Harvard style at www.bucks.ac.uk/referencing Subscription Subscription to the Journal of Crowd Safety and Security Management – An Online Journal is currently free. Contact Us Ali Bakir (Editor in Chief) [email protected] Stuart Kirk [email protected] Owen Grainger-Jones [email protected] 3 Journal of Crowd Safety and Security Management An online journal Vol. 2, No 1, December 2010 Editors’ Statement The Journal of Crowd Safety and Security Management – An Online Journal (JCSSM) is an educational, industry oriented journal which is designed to serve as a forum for practitioners, scholars, and students who are actively engaged in the academically fledgling industry of crowd safety and security. The Journal seeks primarily to publish: a) Summarised and edited versions of practitioners‟ work-based projects. The aim is to share and disseminate the findings of these projects to a wider audience. Practitioners‟ projects are selected, not necessarily because of their methodological rigour or the significance of their findings, rather they are chosen because of the relevance and importance of their work to the current development in the industry. Although practitioners‟ projects are summarised and edited, the responsibility for the rigour of the research and the validity and reliability of the findings remains with the authors. b) Good quality well developed industry-based research articles after subjecting them to double blind reviews. In addition, the Journal will publish essays, discussion and research notes, book reviews, and commentaries. The overriding aim of the Journal is to contribute actively to the professionalisation of the crowd safety and security industry by creating a platform which encourages dialogue between the industry and academia, and promotes research and good practice. The Journal is published twice yearly, and the Editors will strive to include in each issue: Abridged and edited practitioners‟ work-based projects Articles subject to double blind reviews (up to 8000 words) Research notes and discussions (description of work in progress. Industry views (perspectives from practitioners) Book reviews Commentaries News, events, education fora, conferences, seminars Note: We have increased the word limit of the refereed articles and removed it from the section ―Other articles, research notes and commentaries‖ to give authors more room to express and discuss their ideas. 4 Journal of Crowd Safety and Security Management An online journal Vol. 2, No 1, December 2010 Contents: Practitioners’ work-based projects (edited and abridged): 1 An examination of the crowd management of traditional events: prospects for the 21st century Stuart Christopher Cornish May 2010 (pp. 6-14) 2 Whose queue is it anyway? a study of responsibilities for post event queuing Trevor Jenner May 2010 (pp. 15-23) 3 A study of psychological health and vetting for armed personnel from the United Kingdom protective security industry working abroad Darren Hession May 2010 (pp. 24-31) 4 Stalking and tiger kidnapping understanding the risk James Alexander Lyle May 2010 (pp. 32-38) 5 Private military companies in Iraq and control of force: are there conflicting standards within the industry? John Tristram May 2010 (pp. 39-47) Double blind refereed articles: 6 Crowds are people too: a deliberately provocative critique-cum-rumination of qualitative methodology and representation in crowd safety and security research Dr. Ben Clayton December 2010 (pp. 48-55) Other articles, research notes, and commentaries 7 Welcome to the jungle: Is there an unwarranted fear of liability for moshing, crowd surfing and stage diving? Professor Ben Challis December 2010 (pp. 56-64) 8 Getting critical: converting experience into understanding Professor Patrick Smith December 2010 (pp. 65-73) 5 Journal of Crowd Safety and Security Management An online journal Vol. 2, No 1, December 2010 1 AN EXAMINATION OF THE CROWD MANAGEMENT OF TRADITIONAL EVENTS: PROSPECTS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY Stuart Christopher Cornish May 2010 Abstract This exploratory study examines the management of traditional English events with the aim of identifying shortcomings in their organisation to improve crowd safety and preserve these events for future generations. In apparent contrast to the risk-averse society of 21st Century Britain, these events appear to expose participants to situations of extreme danger thereby inviting litigation. A qualitative research approach was adopted where a purposive sample of key individuals involved in the management of these events were interviewed. The main findings show; crowd sizes have grown significantly, many injuries were sustained, lawyers are likely to focus their attention on these events unless safety shortcomings are addressed, the need to establish mandatory Safety Advisory Groups, reluctance on the part of Local Authorities and stakeholder agencies to intervene, and confusion among these agencies over their statutory responsibilities. These tentative findings suggest that stakeholder agencies should work together to ensure consistency in enforcing legislation that currently exists, and to lobby for new legislation; both are areas requiring further research. Introduction The UK leisure-events industry is shaped by the response to a number of disasters in recent history. Upton