World Food Programme S P E C I A L R E P O R T FAO/WFP CROP AND FOOD SECURITY ASSESSMENT MISSION TO SOUTH SUDAN 15 March 2019 Photographs: ©FAO/Md Islam. This report has been prepared by Alessandro Costantino and Wondimagegne Shiferaw (FAO) and Rogério Bonifácio (WFP) under the responsibility of the FAO and WFP Secretariats with information from official and other sources. Since conditions may change rapidly, please contact the undersigned for further information if required. Mario Zappacosta Erika Joergensen Senior Economist, EST/GIEWS Regional Director Trade and Markets Division, FAO East and Central Africa (RBN), WFP E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Please note that this Special Report is also available on the Internet as part of the FAO World Wide Web www.fao.org at the following URL address: http://www.fao.org/giews/ and http://www.wfp.org/food- security/reports/CFSAM The Special Reports can also be received automatically by e-mail as soon as they are published, by subscribing to the GIEWS/Alerts report ListServ. 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S P E C I A L R E P O R T FAO/WFP CROP AND FOOD SECURITY ASSESSMENT MISSION TO SOUTH SUDAN 15 March 2019 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME Rome, 2019 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. 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Queries regarding rights and licensing should be submitted to: [email protected]. - 5 - TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acronyms and abbreviations .....................................................................................................................6 Mission Highlights .......................................................................................................................................7 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................................7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTEXT ....................................................................................................................9 Population and population movements .........................................................................................................9 Economy ..................................................................................................................................................... 11 Economic growth and national budget ........................................................................................... 11 Exchange rate ................................................................................................................................ 12 Inflation .......................................................................................................................................... 13 Agriculture .................................................................................................................................................. 14 CEREAL PRODUCTION IN 2018 .............................................................................................................. 16 Cereal harvested area and yield estimates ................................................................................................ 16 Factors affecting yields ............................................................................................................................... 22 Rainfall ........................................................................................................................................... 22 Inputs in the traditional smallholder sector .................................................................................... 26 Pests, diseases and weeds ........................................................................................................... 27 Agricultural production in 2018 ................................................................................................................... 28 Cereal production ........................................................................................................................... 28 Other crops .................................................................................................................................... 34 Livestock ........................................................................................................................................ 35 CEREAL SUPPLY/DEMAND SITUATION ................................................................................................ 36 Cereal balance ............................................................................................................................................ 36 Cereal and livestock markets ..................................................................................................................... 38 HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY SITUATION.......................................................................................... 42 Methodology ............................................................................................................................................... 42 Main drivers of food insecurity in 2019 ....................................................................................................... 42 Current and projected food security outcomes for 2019 ............................................................................ 43 Evolution of the food security situation ....................................................................................................... 44 Household staple food supply: Markets vs household production ............................................................. 46 Food expenditure: Recent patterns and at-harvest situation...................................................................... 48 Household coping strategies ...................................................................................................................... 49 Estimated food assistance requirements in 2019 ....................................................................................... 50 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR 2019 ...........................................................................................................