DOT HS 812 455 December 2017 Matching Countermeasures to Driver Types and Speeding Behavior DISCLAIMER This publication is distributed by the U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, in the interest of information exchange. The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Department of Transportation or the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The United States Government assumes no liability for its content or use thereof. If trade or manufacturers’ names or products are mentioned, it is because they are considered essential to the object of the publication and should not be construed as an endorsement. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Suggested APA Format Citation: Richard, C. M., Payn, B. A., Bacon-Abdelmoteleb, P., Graving, J., Liu, T., Divekar, G., & Reagle, G. (2017, December). Matching countermeasures to driver types and speeding behavior (Report No. DOT HS 812 455). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No. 0704-0188 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES September 2017 COVERED Final Report December 2012 – March 2015 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Matching Countermeasures to Driver Types and Speeding Behavior DTNH22-11-D-00229, 0001 6. AUTHORS Christian M. Richard, Betsy A. Payn, Paige Bacon-Abdelmoteleb, Justin Graving, Ta Liu, Gautam Divekar, and George Reagle 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION Battelle Memorial Institute REPORT NUMBER 505 King Avenue Columbus, Ohio 43201-2696 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS 10. SPONSORING/MONITORING National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AGENCY REPORT NUMBER 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE. Washington, DC 20590 DOT HS 812 455 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Randolph Atkins, Contracting Officer’s Representative 12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE Document is available to the public from the National Technical Information Service www.ntis.gov. 13. ABSTRACT Speeding is a common contributing factor in fatal traffic crashes. Attempts to address this problem through a variety of approaches have, so far, not led to a substantial reduction in speeding-related fatalities. An address-based mail survey of licensed drivers in Idaho was conducted to learn more about why drivers speed and what new countermeasures can be developed by examining some of the underlying behavioral and attitudinal aspects of speeding. Driver records were used to stratify survey participants based on age (18-24, 25-64, and 65+), gender, and number of speeding convictions in the previous 3 years (0, 1, 2+). A total of 1925 completed surveys were obtained. Three primary questions were examined with the data, including: (1) how well do existing typologies of speeding behavior predict speeding convictions; (2) what speeding countermeasures are most appropriate for the various driver types and roadway situations; and (3) how strong is the relationship between driver records and self-reported speeding in the survey? Data analyses addressed these questions, in addition to examining respondent attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors regarding speeding, and the relationship between demographic factors and speeding convictions. 14. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF PAGES speeding, speed selection, free-flow driving, speeding countermeasures, unsafe driving 176 16. PRICE CODE 17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF 19. SECURITY 20. LIMITATION OF REPORT THIS PAGE CLASSIFICATION ABSTRACT Unclassified Unclassified OF ABSTRACT NSN 7540-01-280-5500 Standard Form 298 (rev. 2-89) Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239-18, 298-102 i Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................... xi Methods: ................................................................................................................................................ xii Summary of Survey .............................................................................................................................. xiii Summary of Attitudes and Behaviors ................................................................................................... xiii Driver Convictions ................................................................................................................................ xiv Chapter 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 1 Background.............................................................................................................................................. 1 Objectives ................................................................................................................................................ 3 Chapter 2 Overview of Methods ............................................................................................................... 5 Sample Design ......................................................................................................................................... 5 Survey Preparation ................................................................................................................................... 6 Survey Administration ............................................................................................................................. 7 Chapter 3 Driver Characteristics ............................................................................................................. 8 Introduction.............................................................................................................................................. 8 Respondent Demographic Characteristics .......................................................................................... 8 Driver Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behaviors Regarding Speeding ........................................................ 11 Discussion .............................................................................................................................................. 38 Chapter 4 Driver Convictions ................................................................................................................. 39 Introduction............................................................................................................................................ 39 Demographic Variables ......................................................................................................................... 40 Driving Behavior ................................................................................................................................... 45 Regression Analysis ............................................................................................................................... 51 Approach .......................................................................................................................................... 51 Results and Discussion ..................................................................................................................... 52 Discussion .............................................................................................................................................. 55 Chapter 5 Typologies ............................................................................................................................... 56 Introduction............................................................................................................................................ 56 NSSAB 2011 Typology ......................................................................................................................... 57 Responses by NSSAB 2011 Typology .................................................................................................. 58 Demographics by NSSAB Typologies .................................................................................................. 62 Motivations for Speeding Typology ...................................................................................................... 64 Responses by Motivations for Speeding Typology ............................................................................... 66 Demographics by MfS Typologies ........................................................................................................ 70 Comparison of Typologies .................................................................................................................... 72 χ2 Goodness of Fit Test for Comparing the Similarities Between MfS, NSSAB, and Convictions . 73 Typology by Number of Convictions ............................................................................................... 76 NSSAB ............................................................................................................................................. 76 Motivations for Speeding ................................................................................................................. 77 ii Chapter 6 Countermeasures ................................................................................................................... 80 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................