TurkJZool 29(2005)141-145 ©TÜB‹TAK FirstRecordforTwoSpecies[ Balanoglossusclavigerus delleChiaje, 1829,Glandicepstalaboti (Marion,1876)]ofthePhylum HemichordataontheCoastofTurkey CemÇEV‹K,DenizERGÜDEN ÇukurovaUniversity,FacultyofFisheries,BasicScienceDepartment,01330Balcal›,Adana-TURKEY Received:19.04.2004 Abstract: Inthisstudy,forthefirsttime,2species(B alanoglossusclavigerus delleChiaje,1829and Glandicepstalaboti (Marion, 1876))belongingtothephylumHemichortada,whichhavenotpreviouslybeenencounteredinTurkishseas,arerecordedfromthe northeasternMediterraneanSea(Yumurtal›kBight,andBabad›lport). KeyWords: Hemichordata,Balanoglossusclavigerus,Glandicepstalaboti,Turkishseas TürkiyeK›y›lar›nda‹lkKezRastlananHemichortadaFilumu’nun‹kiTürü [Balanoglossusclavigerus delleChiaje,1829,Glandicepstalaboti (Marion,1876)] Özet: Buçal›flmada,Türkiyedenizlerindebulunurlu¤udahaönceraporedilmemiflHemichordatafilumuvebufilumaaitikitür Balanoglossusclavigerus (Enteropneusta-Ptychoderidae),Glandicepstalaboti (Enteropneusta-Spengelidae)kuzeydo¤uAkdeniz’den (Yumurtal›kkoyuveBabad›lliman›)raporedilmektedir. AnahtarSözcükler: Hemichordata,Balanoglossusclavigerus,Glandicepstalaboti,Türkiyedenizleri Introduction sessileandsedentarylifeincolonies.Inthesecondgroup Hemichordata,oneofthesmallestphylaintheseas, aretheEnteropneusta,worm-like,benthiccreaturesliving haspreviouslybeentakenintoconsiderationwithinthe buriedinmud.Finally,therearethePlanctospaeriodea, phylumChordata,sincemostofitscharacteristics,such whichconsistofonlyonespeciesandwhosepelagic tornarialarvaeareknown,whiletherearenorecords aspharyngealgillpores,apartiallyneurulateddorsal regardingitsmatureform(Buchsbaumetal.,1987). cord,andastomochordthatbears somesimilaritiesto theChordatanotochord,aresimilartothoseofthe Thezoobenthicstudiesinitiatedbyforeign Vertabrata.However,sinceHemichordatadonothave researchersinTurkishcoastalwatersinthe19th century characteristicssuchasaventralnervecord,a werelaterintensifiedduringthe1950sintheSeaof protostome-likedirectionofbloodflow,aliver-likeorgan MarmaraandtheBosphorus,theAegeanSea,and protrudingdorsallyfromthegut(ratherthanventrallyas eventuallyin‹zmirBayanditsvicinity.Althoughnotat inchordates),anotochord-likepygocordlocatedventrally thedesiredlevelandnumber,suchstudieshaverecently andposteriorly,avenralpostanaltailandadorsal beenconductedintheothercoastalwatersofTurkey. endostyle-likeorgan,theyarecurrentlyevaluatedasa Throughoutthesezoobenthicstudiesconductedin distinctphylum(Hyman,1959;Gerhart,2000). Turkishcoastalwaterstodate,thephylumHemichordata Furthermore,sensitive18SrDNAanalyseshave hasneverbeenrecorded. indicatedthatHemichordataareclosertothe Inthisstudy,2Hemichordataspeciesencountered EchinodermataratherthantotheChordata(Cameronet duringthezoobenthicstudiesconductedinthe al.,2000).TheHemichordata,currentlyknowntocontain YumurtalıkBight,apartof‹skenderunBay,andin 100livingspecies,consistsof3distinctgroups.Oneof BabadılportintheAkkuyuregionofthenortheastern thesearethePterobranchia,smallcreaturesleadinga MediterraneanSeaaredescribed. 141 FirstRecordforTwoSpecies[ Balanoglossusclavigerus delleChiaje,1829,Glandicepstalaboti (Marion,1876)]ofthePhylumHemichordataontheCoastofTurkey MaterialsandMethod Results Thespeciesrecordedinthisstudywereidentified Inthisstudy,2speciesoftheEnteropneustagroupof duringthezoobenthicstudiesconductedinthe thephylumHemichortada,namely Balanoglossus YumurtalıkBightoftheGulfof‹skenderuninthe clavigerus (Enteropneusta-Ptychoderidae)(Figure1)and intertidalzonein1999,andinBabadılportintheAkkuyu Glandicepstalaboti (Enteropneusta-Spengelidae),which regioninaninfralittoralzonein2000(Figure1).The havenotpreviouslybeenencounteredinTurkishseas,are sedimentobtainedfromthesandy-muddybiotopesusing recorded.Thedefinitionsanddistributionsofthese shovelsinthetidalzoneandusingdredgesinthe speciesareasfollows: infralittoralzonewassiftedwitha2mmstandardsieve. Family:Ptychoderidae Thespeciesobtainedinbothstudieswereimmediately takentolaboratoriesandphotographed,andpictures Balanoglossusclavigerus (delleCHIAJE,1829) weredrawnusingabinocularmicroscope.Subsequently, (Figure2,Figure3). theywerestoredin70%alcohol. Material:5individualswereobtained.Locality: Specieswereidentifiedusingarangeofreferences YumurtalıkBight,Meanlength:21cm,meanbreadth:4 (Spengel,1893;VanderHorst,1927;Hyman,1959; mm,meanproboscis:5x3mm,meancollar:3x5mm. Riedl,1983;HaywardandRyland,1990;Cameron, Description: Theelongatedbodyiscylindroidwithout 2002). externalappendagesandofasoftconsistencycovered Figure1.Mapofsamplinglocations. 142 C.ÇEV‹K,D.ERGÜDEN Figure2.Balanoglossusclavigerusdelle(CHIAJE,1829)photograph. Thesespecieswhicharewidelydistributedinthe MediterraneanSeaandtheAtlanticOceanliveinU-shaped galleriesthattheydigespeciallyinintertidalzonesin sandyandsandy-muddybiotopes.Theirfecescanbe observedonbeachesassandmoundswithsmallcurls. Family: Spengelidae Glandicepstalaboti(MARION,1876)(Figure4,Figure 5). Material: 3individuals(incompleteinbodyformdue toautotomy)wereobtained.Locality:Babadılport,mean length:5cm(excludingpartswhichareleftbehinddueto autotomy),meanbreadth:6mm,meanproboscis:6x5 mm,meancollar:5x5mm. Description: Likethepreviousspecies,thebodyis elongatedandcylindroidandiscoveredwithmucus. Thereisnoouterskeleton.Lateralsepta,hepatic Figure3.Balanoglossusclavigerusdelle(CHIAJE,1829)drawing. sacculation,synapticulesandperibuccalspacesareabsent. Thegillsarecurled,andarereddish-brownorreddish- withamucoussecretionanddevoidofanyformof orangeincolor.TheythriveparticularlyinNorth-African exoskeleton.Genitalfoldsthin,welldevelopedand coastsalongtheMediterraneanSeaandintheGulfof forming“wings”.Dorsalmarginsofwingsmeet Naples(Italy)insandy-muddybiotopesatdepthsof anteriorlyjustbehindcollar,butthendivergewidely. 30–50m.Theydonotmakedefiniteburrowsbutlive Gonoporesopenneargillslits,atthebaseofwings. buriedinsandyormuddybottoms.Presumably,insuch Numberofbranchialslits200ormore.Anteriorhepatic cases,theanimalisseparatedfromitssurroundingsbya caecapale,closelyandregularlyarranged.Mainmassof mucouslining(Spengel,1893;VanderHorst,1927; caeca isgreenish,denselypackedandirregular(Spengel, Hyman,1959;Riedl,1983;HaywardandRyland,1990; 1893;VanderHorst,1927;Hyman,1959;Riedl,1983; Cameron,2002). HaywardandRyland,1990;Cameron,2002). 143 FirstRecordforTwoSpecies[ Balanoglossusclavigerus delleChiaje,1829,Glandicepstalaboti (Marion,1876)]ofthePhylumHemichordataontheCoastofTurkey Figure4.Glandicepstalaboti(MARION,1876)photograph. S.gurneyi , B.clavigerus , Glossobalanuselongatus , G. minutus,Glandicepstalaboti,andRhabdopleuranormani (HYMAN,1959;ERMS).Ofthese, S.gurneyi was reportedtobeoneoftheLessepsianspeciespenetrating theMediterraneanthroughtheSuezCanal-thoughthis isnotcertain-andwasencounteredforthefirsttimein thesouthoftheMediterraneanonEgyptiancoasts (Alexandria)(Por,1978;Zibrowius,1991). Subsequently,itwasreportedthatthisspecieshadspread uptotheLebanesecoastsinthenorthernMediterranean (Zibrowius,H.pers.comm.).However,thezoobenthic studiesconductedintheTurkishcoastalwatershavenot sofaryieldedanyrecordsregardingthepresenceofthe phylumHemichordata. Ofthespeciesidentifiedthroughthisstudy, B. clavigerus isoneofthemostcommonandwellknown speciesofthephylumHemichordata.Itcanbefoundin Figure5.Glandicepstalaboti(MARION,1876)drawing. almosteverypartoftheMediterraneaninthesandyand sandy-muddybiotopesofintertidalzones. B.clavigerus, whichlivesburiedinsandy-muddy Discussion bottoms,wasfirstencounteredinTurkishcoastalwaters Throughoutthestudiesconductedsofarinthe intheYumurtalıkBight.However,G.talaboti isknownto Mediterranean,particularlyintheWestern bepresentintheGulfofNaples(Italy)inthe Mediterranean,7speciesofHemichordata,whichare MediterraneanandalongthecoastsofAlexandria(Egypt) generallydistributedintemperateandtropicalseas,have andnorthernAfrica.G.talaboti,whichisgenerallyfound beenrecorded.Theseare Saccoglossusmereschkowskii, inmuddybiotopesofinfralittoralzonesatdepthsof30- 144 C.ÇEV‹K,D.ERGÜDEN 350m,has,forthefirsttime,beenrecordedinTurkish Turkishcoastalwatershavevaryinghydrographicand coastsat40mdepthinamuddybiotopeofBabadılport ecologicalcharacteristicsistakenintoconsideration,itis intheAkkuyuregion. highlyprobablethatthediversityofthespeciesisgreater SincetheEnteropneustaleadasolitarylifeburiedin thanwhatisatpresent.Thereisnodoubtthatthrough mudinaquaticsurroundingsfromintertidalzonesto theuseofmoreadvancedtechniquesandequipmentand variousmuddydepths,itisextremelydifficulttoobtain thesamplingofmoreaquaticareastherewillbea them,especiallythosewhichliveatgreaterdepths. remarkableincreaseinthenumberofthespeciesin Furthermore,becausetheyaredelicatecreaturesand Turkishseasinthenearfuture. tendtobreakintofragments,itisdifficulttosecure completespecimens,especiallyinthecaseofthelarger Acknowledgments species. TheauthorsaregreatlyindebtedtoProfessorBurdon Theaquaticareaswheresamplingsareperformedare Jones,QueenslandMuseum,Australia,forhisinvaluable veryfewinnumberbecausethebenthicstudies assistanceintheidentificationofthespeciesand conductedinTurkishseas,asinotheraquaticareas,are obtainingsomeliterature.TheyalsothankProfessor notatthedesiredlevelandnumber.Thismaybe HelmutZibrowius,Centred’OcéanologiedeMarseille, regardedasoneofthefactorsthatpreventathorough CNRS,UniversitéAix-Marseille,France,forsupplying reflectionofthediversityofthespeciesinTurkishseas. informationaboutthedistributionof S.gurneyi inthe However,whenthefactthattheseasneighboring MediterraneanSea. References Buchsbaum,R.,Buchsbaum,M.,Pearse,V.andPears,J.1987.Living Hyman,L.H.1959.TheInvertebrates,SmallerCoelomateGroups.