A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Sidiropoulos, E. Conference Paper The impact of the new airport of Athens on the land values of Eastern Attica 38th Congress of the European Regional Science Association: "Europe Quo Vadis? - Regional Questions at the Turn of the Century", 28 August - 1 September 1998, Vienna, Austria Provided in Cooperation with: European Regional Science Association (ERSA) Suggested Citation: Sidiropoulos, E. (1998) : The impact of the new airport of Athens on the land values of Eastern Attica, 38th Congress of the European Regional Science Association: "Europe Quo Vadis? - Regional Questions at the Turn of the Century", 28 August - 1 September 1998, Vienna, Austria, European Regional Science Association (ERSA), Louvain-la-Neuve This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/113397 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. 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Prof. Elias Sidiropoulos Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences Department of Urban and Regional Development 1. SUMMARY The analysis of the value of the area around ‘Eleftherios Venizelos’ airport has been based on a survey of the international experience and followed by a quantitative dataanalysis. The figures of the database come from the Objective System of Assessment (OSA) as well as the Relative Price System of the Pallini and Koropi Revenue Offices (RPSRO). The data was analyzed according to the hierarchical tree method and there has been a detailed reference to the restrictions and the conditions of the data use. The analysis has been at an horizontal level; that is, we have tried to interpret the increasing decline between the OSA or RPSRO prices and the real prices of land. The ranking system has been based on the functionality of the specific areas. The analysis has been at a vertical level, too; that is, a year by year analysis of the built-up areas which have been grouped geographically. These built-up areas come under the OSA and RPSRO systems. 2 3 2. THEORETICAL SURVEY The area of study includes the following 4 systems: - system of natural resources and environment - system of built-up areas - system of production - system of relations, as it is formed by the programming policy. The relations and the effects among the systems appear in the following diagram: Program Policy Development/Production Land Built-up Areas Activities (houses & other uses) At the area of study, the built-up system was affected by the development of: • old built-up areas and areas of arbitrary constructed main houses along the avenues leading to Lavrion, Marathon and Markopoulon, • country houses on the coasts of the South (YR NRVDQGSaronikos Gulfs, • newly built-up areas as further suburbs of Athens, most of them established by civil societies. 4 The development/production activities consisted of manufacturing units on the avenues leading to Lavrio, Marathon, Markopoulon and Koropi-Vari. The agricultural sector has declined especially after the expropriation of the land for the airport. It is noteworthy that during the last years, there has been a significant development in the services sector (exhibition halls, R & D centers, etc.), the constructions as well as the external economies due to the increasing bustle at the ports - the Rafina Port has been the second busiest after Piraeus Port. However, the area of study is a typical example of formal (industries, exhibit halls, research centers, inhabitants of middle and upper income) and informal workshops, arbitrary built-up houses) economies. The planning/programming policy affects the economy and the environment, too. The policy aims at affecting the civil productivity and specialization as well as providing of infrastructure and the ensuring of environmental sustainability. Despite the criticism against the environmental planning, the economic program with the two European Support Frames (ESF) 1989-93 and 1994-99, has started playing its own important role. The decision for building a new airport in the Messogia which was made by the State in late 1970's and the first steps in order to realize it in early 1980's, are the links between the two programs. Planning, is the main role for land disposal and it must F RUGLQDWHWKHIROORZLQJWKUHHVWUDWHJLFWRROV a. Adaptation of the use of land b. Increasing the income and the autonomy of the local authorities c. Quantitative and qualitative increase of the infrastructure. These tools can contribute significantly to the development of the wider area and the improvement of productivity under the following conditions: • wide and real liberalization of economic activities in relation with the legislation • the pressures exerted on the programming of the public sector • the rejection of the prices self-adjustment system at low levels as non-realistic. After taking into consideration the fact that the "Eleftherios Venizelos" airport meet the crossroad of the European transportation networks, the area of study can be 5 FKDUDFWHUL]HG PRUH DV D GHFHQWUDOL]HG DQG OHVV DV D FRPSDFW FLW\ FRPSDFW FLW\ LV densely built with houses and the professional occupation is gathered in small and big FHQWHUV GHFHQWUDOL]HGFLW\FDQKDYHXQOLPLWHGVXEXUEVZKLOHKRXVLQJDQGRFFXSDWLRQV DUHVSUHDG FRPSDFWFLW\LVGLVWLQJXLVKHGIRU WKH TXDOLW\ RI WKH WUDQVSRUWDWLRQ V\VWHP while a decentralized city for the volume of transportation. The relations of the regional systems depend on: - the needs of the infrastructures - the effect on the surrounding; the smaller they are, the interactions are more positive. In the case of the International airport, the above mentioned conditions are not in force and the area faces serious needs in infrastructure. The international airway Baltimore/Washington has the same characteristics as the "Eleftherios Venizelos" airport - close to the metropolis, expected concentration of industries and offices - and high demand for housing increases their price. In order to meet these and other problems like the changes in the local labor market and the definition of the transportation needs, the authorities of the former area were obliged to organize an informal observation committee which consisted of: • development & function executives of the airport • representatives of the production field • land owners • representatives of the national & local authorities • executives of the transportation organizations The advisory role of the committee ensures the quick response to problems identical to the ones appearing in our area of study, like mass purchase of land by big investors and efforts to change the use of land, especially in protected areas (e.g. mountainous areas). The location of the airport at the area of study is expected to change the rural area into an urban one. 6 The pricing system of the area has already defined the limits between the rural and urban area. The former is defined by the RPSROs and the latter by the OSA. The increase of demand for rural land, increases the competition and has a serious impact on the prices. To be more specific, the impact of the factors of demand can be defined by the following function: ) /89%/2&6 3ULFHVRI5XUDO$UHD LU = Variables of Land Use VB = Value of Buildings LOC = Location Factors S = Size of Demanded Land In case of Messogia: LVH[SUHVVHGLQSULFHVRIRPSROs LU is expressed through the existing and proposed land planning policy VB is expressed in OSA prices LOC refer to the distance among the main land planning factors S stand for the size of the free from restrictions land. The high prices of rural land reflect the expectations for future urban uses. These expectations are defined in value and time units by the existing and proposed land and the building planning policy. 7 $1$/<6,62)/$1'9$/8(6 $5($2)678'< 3.1 Methodological approach The area of study is a typical example of the what theories define as a "rural urban area". Due to this fact, the value of land is represented through two independent systems: ∗ The Objective System of Assessment (OSA). The OSA was created in 1988, changed in 1993 and were completed in 1995. The last revision was done in 1997. The system covers most of the main traditional built up areas as well as QHZRQHVZKLFKZHUHFUHDWHGE\FLYLOF RSHUDWLYHVGXULQJODVW\HDUV ∗ The Relative Price System has been formed by the local Revenue Offices and depends on the continuous transfers of land which is not in the OSA zones. The former system is in force for buildings (reflects the price for 1sq.m of a flat in the 1st floor) while the latter for land. In both cases, the real prices paid by the buyers are far away from the OSA ones. GHWDLOHG VXUYH\ RI WKH ODQG SULFHV LQ WKH DUHD RI VWXG\ PXVW EH GLYLGHG LQWR smaller areas according to the applied pricing system. This method will permit a general ranking of the area according to the land value based on data provided by the OSA and POs as well as dendrograms. Sources: a. The RO's price data has been taken by the Revenue Offices of Pallini and Koropi.