Pacific Affairs Vol.53, No. 1 Spring 1980 Administrative Reform and Modernization in Post-Mao China Victor C. Falkenheim 5 The Chinese Controversy Over Higher Education Jonathan Unger 29 India's Changing Role in the United Nations Stanley A. Kochanek 48 The Japanese Supreme Court and the Governance of Education Benjamin C. Duke 69 The Roots of Indochinese Civilisation: Recent Developments in the Prehistory of Southeast Asia Donn Bayard 89 La Chine Antique Revisited Review Article E.G. Pulleyblank 115 Book Reviews (listed overleaf) 120 BOOKS REVIEWED IN THIS ISSUE PEASANTSAND POLITICS.Grass Roots Reaction to Change in Asia, edited by D.B. Miller. Rodolphe De Koninck MANYREASONS WHY. The American Involvement in Vietnam, by Michael Charlton and Anthony Moncrieff. Gareth Porter THECAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF CHINA.Volume 10: Late Ch'ing, 1800-191 1, Part I, edited by John K. Fairbank. Thomas A. Metzger LANDLORDAND LABORIN LATEIMPERIAL CHINA.Case Studies from Shandong, by Jing Su and Luo Lun, translated by Endymion Wilkinson. Edgar Wickberg THEARMS OF KIANGNAN.Modernization in the Chinese Ordnance Industry, 1860-1895, by Thomas L. Kennedy. Stanley Spector THEPEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA.A Basic Handbook, compiled by James R. Townsend. William A. Joseph THEPEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA.A Documentary History of Revolutionary Change, edited by Mark Selden, with Patti Eggleston. ./ Dennis Woodward MAO:THE PEOPLE'S EMPEROR, by.Dick Wilson. Stephen Uhalley, Jr. LAWWITHOUT LAWYERS. A Comparative View of Law in China and the United States, by Victor H. Li. Douglas M. Johnston LACHINE ET LE REGLEMENTDU PREMIERCONFLIT D'INDOCHINE (GENEVE1954), by Fran~oisJoyaux. Milton Osbome A CHINESE/ENGLISHDICTIONARY OF CHINA'SRURAL ECONOMY, by Kieran Broadbent. Graham E. Johnson HONGKONG: STABILITY AND CHANGE.A Collection of Essays, by Henry J. Lethbridge. Janet W. Salajf SOZI~~KONOMISCHEENTWICKLUNG UND INDUSTRIELLE ORGANISATIONJAPANS, edited by Sepp Linha~andErich Pauer. Kurt Steiner JAPAN'S PUBLICPOLICY COMPANIES,by Chalmers Johnson. J. W.C. Tomlinson LABORAND MANAGEMENT.edited bv Kiichiro Nakaeawa. Robert D. Walton CONFUCIANGENTLEMEN AND BARBARIAN ENVOYS.The Opening of Korea, 1875-1885, by Martina Deuchler. C.I. Eugene Kim THENEW VAISYAS. Entrepreneurial Opportunity and Response in an Indian City, by Raymond Lee Owens and Ashis Nandy. C.A. Bayly REVOLUTIONARYVIOLENCE. A Study of the Maoist Movement in India, by Manoranjan Mohanty. Victor M. Fie SOCIALMOVEMENTS AND SOCIALTRANSFORMATION. A Study of Two Backward Classes Movements in India, by M.S.A. Rao. James M. Freeman AGRICULTUREAND SOCIALSTRUCTURE IN TAMILNADU. Past Origins, Present Transformations and Future Prospects, by Joan P. Mencher. David Washbrook CASTEAND KINSHIPIN KANGRA,by Jonathan P. Parry. Gerald D. Beweman FROGSIN A WELL.Indian Women in Purdah, by Patricia Jeffery. Syluia M. Hale LANGUAGEAND CIVILIZATIONCHANGE IN SOUTHASIA, edited by Clarence Malopy. Tej K. Bhatia BANGLADESH-EQUITABLEGROWTH?, by Joseph F. Stepanek. Robert S. Anderson CASTEAND FAMILYIN THE POLITICSOF THE SINHALESE,1947- 1976, by Janice Jiggins. A. Jeyaratnam Wilson POVERTYAND SOCIALCHANGE IN SOUTHEASTASIA, edited by Ozay Mehmet. J. L.S. Girling COMMUNISTINDOCHINA AND U.S. FOREIGNPOLICY: POSTWAR REALITIES,by Joseph J. Zasloff and MacAlister Brown. J.L.S. Girling DYNAMICSOF INDONESIANHISTORY, edited by Haryati Soebadio and Carine A. du Marchie Sarvaas. J.D. Legge ADATLAW IN MODERNINDONESIA, by M.B. Hooker. Daniel S. Lev AN INTRODUCTION TO THE MALAYSIANLEGAL SYSTEM (2nd edition), by Wu Min Aun. Victor M. Fie MAYORSAND MANAGERSIN THAILAND.The Struggle for Political Life in Administrative Settings, by Ronald L. Krannich. Thak Chaloemtiarana THECONSTITUTIONALIST PARTY IN COCHINCHINA:THE YEARS OF DECLINE,1930- 1942, by Megan Cook. Milton Osborne 167 DOCUMENTSON AUSTRALIANFOREIGN POLICY, 1937-49. Volume Ill: January-June 1940, edited by H. Kenway, H.J.W. Stokes and P.G. Edwards. Henry S. Albinski 168 AUSTRALIA'SASIAN POLICIES. The History of a Debate, 1839- 1972, by A.W. Stargardt. P.J. Boyce 170 ESSAYSON BORNEOSOCIETIES, edited by Victor T. King. David Hicks 172 KURUSORCERY. Disease and Danger in the New Guinea Highlands, by Shirley Lindenbaum. John LeRoy 173 THEAMERICANIZATION OF MICRONESIA. A Study of the Consolidation of U.S. Rule in the Pacific, by Roger W. Gale. Harold K. Jacobson 174 NO-NO BOY,by John Okada. Gordon Hirabayashi 176 REGIONALIZATIONOF THE LAWOFTHE SEA,edited by Douglas M. Johnston. Barry Bman 177 MALACCA,SINGAPORE, AND INDONESIA, by Michael Leifer. Barry Bman 177 BRIEFLY NOTED ASIANMASS COMMUNICATIONS: A COMPREHENSIVE BIBLIOG- RAPHY. 1977 Supplement, by John A. Lent. J. ~c~eeElrod THEPAWNSHOPIN CHINA,by T.S. Whelan. Terry G. McGee THECHINESE LAKE MURDERS, by Robert Van Gulik, with an Introduction by Donald F. Lach. Ralph W. Huenemann THECHINESE GOLD MURDERS, by Robert Van Gulik, with an Introduction by Donald F. Lach. Ralph W. Huenemann "OVERSEAS CHINESE"IN SOUTHEASTASIA AND CHINA'SFOREIGN POLICY. An Interpretative Essay, by Leo Suryadinata. Edgar Wickberg MORIOGAI AND THE MODERNIZATIONOF JAPANESE CULTURE, by Richard John Bowring. Leon M. Zolbrod KOREA,NORTH AND SOUTH:THE DEEPENING CRISIS, edited by Gavan McCorrnack and Mark Selden. Yunshik Chang TRADITIONAND POLITICSIN SOUTHASIA, edited by R.J. Moore. Fritz Lehmann CHANGINGECONOMY IN INDONESIA. A Selection of Statistical Source Material from the early 19th Century up to 1940: Vol. 4, initiated by W.M.F. Mansvelt, re-edited and continued by P. Creutzberg. G.B. Hainsworth 183 CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS ISSUE VICTOR C. FALKENHEIM,Associate Professor of Political Science, Scarborough College, University of Toronto, Canada. JONATHAN UNGER,Assistant Professor of East Asian Cultures and Sociol- ogy, University of Kansas, U.S.A. Author of Education under Mao: A Study of Canton Schools, 1960-1980 (forthcoming) and co-author of a forthcoming study of a village in the People's Republic. STANLEYA. KOCHANEK,Professor of Political Science, The Pennsylvania State University, U.S.A. Author of The Congress Party of India (Princeton University Press, 1968) and Business and Politics in India (University of Cali- fornia Press, 1974). He has just completed a book on Interest Groups and Political Development in Pakistan. BENJAMINC. DUKE,Professor of Comparative and International Educa- tion, and Chairman, Graduate School Division of Education, Inter- national Christian University, Japan. Author of Japan's Militant Teachers: A History of the Left Wing Teachers' Movement (Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii, 1973; translated into Japanese and published in 1977). DONNBAYARD, Senior Lecturer in Anthropology, University of Otago, New Zealand. Author of Non Nok Tha: he 1968 Excavation and The Cultural Relationships of the Polynesian Outliers (Dunedin: University of Otago Studies in Prehistoric Anthropology, 197 1, 1976). E.G. PULLEYBLANK,Professor of Asian Studies, University of British Co- lumbia, Canada. Pacific Affairs Vol. 53, No. 2 Summer 1980 "Ex-Untouchable": Problems, Progress, and Policies in Indian Social Change Barbara R. Joshi 193 Indian Defense Policy: Continuity and Change Under the Janata Government Raju G. C. Thomas 223 Japan's Rearmament Dilemma: The Joseph M. Ha Paradox of Recovery John Guinasso 245 The China Trade: Recent Developments and Future Prospects Samuel P.S. Ho 269 Family, Lineage, and Team in South China Today: Review Article W.E. Willmott 290 A Far Away Country: The Fruits of Unrealistic Diplomacy Towards Cambodia Review Article A. W. Stargardt 298 Book Reviews (listed overleaf) 306 BOOKS REVIEWED IN THIS ISSUE ASIANTRANSFORMATION. A History of South-East, South and East Asia, by Gilbert Khoo and Dorothy Lo. H.E. Wilson THEWESTERNIZATION OF ASIA.A Comparative Political Analysis, by Frank C. Darling. J. Stephen Hoadley A TURNINGWHEEL. Three Decades of the Asian Revolution as Witnessed by a Correspondent for The New Yorker, by Robert Shaplen. Josef Silverstein A HANDBOOKON THE METHODOLOGYFOR AN INTEGRATED EXPERIMENT-SURVEYON RICE YIELD CONSTRAINTS, by S.K. de Datta, et al. Barrie M. Morrison INTERPRETIVEANALYSIS OF SELECTEDPAPERS FROM CHANGES IN RICEFARMING IN SELECTEDAREAS OF ASIA,edited by the International Rice Research Institute, Manila. Barrie M. Morrison FOREIGNRELATIONS OF THE UNITEDSTATES, 1952-1954. Volume 111: United Nations Affairs, edited by Ralph R. Goodwin. Samuel S. Kim A HISTORYOF CHINA.Volume I., bv, Witold Rodzinski. L. Carrington Goodrich PERSPECTIVESON A CHANGINGCHINA. Essays in Honor of Professor C. Martin Wilbur on the Occasion of His Retirement, edited by Joshua A. Fogel and William T. Rowe. Edgar Wickberg PASSAGETO POWER.K'ang-hsi and His Heir Apparent, 1661- 1722, by Silas H.L. Wu. Lawrence D. Kessler MILITARISMIN MODERNCHINA. The Career of Wu P'ei-fu, 1916- 39, by Odoric Y.K. Wou. Donald G. Gillin THELAST CONFUCIAN. Liang Shu-ming and the Chinese Dilemma of Modernity, by Guy S. Alitto. Harold Z Schijfrin THEBROKEN WAVE. The Chinese Communist Peasant Movement, 1922-1928, by Roy Hofheinz, Jr. Lucien Bianco THEPEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA:A HANDBOOK,edited by Harold C. Hinton. J. Bruce Jacobs THEFUTURE OF CHINAAFTER MAO, by Ross Terrill. Frederick C. Teiwes DIE WIRTSCHAFTOSTEUROPAS UND DER VR CHINA,1970-1980: BILANZUND PERSPEKTIVEN,edited by Hans-Hermann Hohmann. W. Klatt THEPOLITICS OF AGRICULTURALMECHANIZATION IN CHINA,by Benedict Stavis. Kenneth R. Walker CONTEMPORARYCHINESE NOVELS AND SHORTSTORIES, 1949- 1974: AN ANNOTATEDBIBLIOGRAPHY, by Meishi Tsai, with the assistance of I-mei Tsai. T. D. Huters SYMBOLSOF ETERNITY.The Art of Landscape Painting