Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2017 A catalogue of manuscripts known to contain Old English dry-point glosses Studer-Joho, Dieter Abstract: While quill and ink were the writing implements of choice in the Anglo-Saxon scriptorium, other colouring and non-colouring writing implements were in active use, too. The stylus, among them, was used on an everyday basis both for taking notes in wax tablets and for several vital steps in the creation of manuscripts. Occasionally, the stylus or perhaps even small knives were used for writing short notes that were scratched in the parchment surface without ink. One particular type of such notes encountered in manuscripts are dry-point glosses, i.e. short explanatory remarks that provide a translation or a clue for a lexical or syntactic difficulty of the Latin text. The present study provides a comprehensive overview of the known corpus of dry-point glosses in Old English by cataloguing the 34 manuscripts that are currently known to contain such glosses. A first general descriptive analysis of the corpus of Old English dry-point glosses is provided and their difficult visual appearance is discussed with respect to the theoretical and practical implications for their future study. Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-143088 Monograph Published Version Originally published at: Studer-Joho, Dieter (2017). A catalogue of manuscripts known to contain Old English dry-point glosses. Tübingen: Narr Francke Attempto. SAA SCHWEIZER ANGLISTISCHE ARBEITEN 142 SWISS STUDIES IN ENGLISH While quill and ink were the writing implements of Dieter Studer-Joho choice in the Anglo-Saxon scriptorium, other colour- ing and non-colouring writing implements were in active use, too. The stylus, among them, was used on an everyday basis both for taking notes in wax tablets and for several vital steps in the creation A Catalogue of Manuscripts of manuscripts. Occasionally, the stylus or perhaps even small knives were used for writing short notes Known to Contain Old English that were scratched in the parchment surface with- out ink. One particular type of such notes encoun- Dry-Point Glosses tered in manuscripts are dry-point glosses, i.e. short explanatory remarks that provide a translation or a A Catalogue of Manuscripts clue for a lexical or syntactic difficulty of the Latin text. The present study provides a comprehensive overview of the known corpus of dry-point glosses in Old English by cataloguing the 34 manuscripts that are currently known to contain such glosses. A first general descriptive analysis of the corpus of Old Studer-Joho English dry-point glosses is provided and their dif- ficult visual appearance is discussed with respect to the theoretical and practical implications for their future study. ISBN 978-3-7720-8617-5 Schweizer Anglistische Arbeiten Swiss Studies in English Begründet von Bernhard Fehr Herausgegeben von Andreas Fischer (Zürich), Martin Heusser (Zürich), Daniel Schreier (Zürich) Band 142 Dieter Studer-Joho A Catalogue of Manuscripts Known to Contain Old English Dry-Point Glosses Cover illustration: © British Library Board, Royal MS 14 E iii. Estoire del Saint Graal (c. 1315–1325): Hermit writing at a desk (f. 6v), 60 × 70 mm. Cover design: Martin Heusser, Zürich This work was accepted as a PhD thesis by the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Zurich in the spring semester 2014 on the recommendation of the Doctoral Committee: Prof. Dr. Andreas Fischer (main supervisor) and Prof. Dr. Elvira Glaser. Die Druckvorstufe dieser Publikation wurde vom Schweizerischen Nationalfonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung unterstützt. Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet erüb http://dnb. dnb.de abrufbar. © 2017 · Narr Francke Attempto Verlag GmbH + Co. KG · Dischingerweg 5 · D-72070 Tübingen Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwer- tung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlages unzulässig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elek- tronischen Systemen. Gedruckt auf säurefreiem und alterungsbeständigem Werkdruckpapier. Internet: www.francke.de E-Mail: [email protected] Composition: pagina GmbH, Tübingen Printed in Germany ISSN 0080 – 7214 ISBN 978-3-7720-5617-8 To my Parents Trudi and Sepp 7 Contents Acknowledgements ....................................................... 11 1. Introduction ........................................................... 13 2. Terminology and Scope ................................................ 17 2.1 Vernacular Glossing in Anglo-Saxon England ��������������������� 17 2.1.1 Additions in Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts ..................... 17 2.1.2 Types of Old English Glosses ................................ 18 2.1.3 The Form of Occasional Glosses in Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts 21 2.2 Writing without Ink in Anglo-Saxon England ..................... 22 2.2.1 Stylus and Wax Tablets in Britain ��������������������������� 22 2.2.2 Dry-Point Writing in Medieval Manuscripts ................ 25 2.2.3 Deformational Writing Outside the Manuscript Context .... 28 2.2.4 Ink, Pencil, Dry-Point ....................................... 30 2.3 Excluded Dry-Point Material from Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts ..... 37 2.3.1 Dry-Point “Marks” and Dry-Point “Doodles” ................ 37 2.3.2 Dry-Point Names and Non-Gloss Entries .................... 38 2.3.3 Dry-Point Annotations to the “Old English Bede” ........... 45 2.3.4 Dry-Point Glosses of Uncertain Linguistic Status ............ 46 2.4 Non-English Dry-Point Glossing .................................. 50 2.4.1 Dry-Point Glossing in Latin ................................. 50 2.4.2 Dry-Point Glossing in Old High German .................... 52 2.4.3 Dry-Point Glossing in Old Saxon ............................ 58 2.4.4 Dry-Point Glossing in Old Irish ............................. 58 2.4.5 Dry-Point Glossing in Old Slavonic ������������������������� 59 2.4.6 Dry-Point Glossing in East Asia ............................. 59 2.4.7 Dry-Point Writing in Post-Conquest England ............... 60 3. On the History of the Study of Old English Dry-Point Glosses ......... 63 3.1 Humphrey Wanley ................................................ 63 3.2 Arthur Sampson Napier ........................................... 66 3.3 Herbert Dean Meritt ............................................... 69 3.4 Bernhard Bischoff and Josef Hofmann ............................. 71 3.5 Raymond Ian Page ................................................ 72 8 Contents 3.6 Scott Gwara ....................................................... 75 3.7 Minor Contributions by Other Researchers ........................ 78 3.8 The Representation of Dry-Point Glosses in DOE and DOEC 2009 �� 80 4. Rationale and Layout of the Catalogue ................................. 85 4.1 Rationale of the Catalogue ......................................... 85 4.2 Material ........................................................... 85 4.3 Method ������������������������������������������������������������ 88 4.4 Layout of the Catalogue ������������������������������������������� 90 4.5 [Consecutive number / Ker number] location, library pressmark ... 91 4.5.1 A) Manuscript .............................................. 91 4.5.2 B) Glosses .................................................. 93 5. A Catalogue of Manuscripts Known to Contain Old English Dry-Point Glosses ..................................................... 95 6. Characterization of the Known Corpus of Old English Dry-Point Gloss Manuscripts ............................................................. 203 6.1 Numbers and Ratios ���������������������������������������������� 203 6.2 Origins of the Manuscripts ....................................... 206 6.3 Dates of the Manuscripts ......................................... 210 6.4 Contents of the Manuscript Parts Glossed in Dry-Point .......... 213 6.4.1 Gospels .................................................... 213 6.4.2 Patristic Literature ......................................... 215 6.4.3 Sentential Literature ....................................... 217 6.4.4 Christian Poetry ........................................... 219 6.4.5 Canonical Literature ....................................... 223 6.4.6 Monastic and Hagiographical Literature ................... 223 6.4.7 Grammatical Treatises and Colloquies ..................... 225 6.4.8 Historical Writing .......................................... 227 6.5 Times and Places at Which Dry-Point Glossing May Have Been Practised ��������������������������������������������������������� 228 6.6 Co-Occurrence with Vernacular Ink Glosses ...................... 237 6.7 Co-Occurrence with Other Vernaculars ........................... 240 6.7.1 Co-Occurrence with Old High German Dry-Point Glosses . 240 6.7.2 Co-Occurrence with Celtic Dry-Point Glosses .............. 243 6.7.3 Co-Occurrence with an Old French Dry-Point Gloss? ...... 244 6.8 Co-Occurrence with Construe Marks ............................. 245 Contents 9 7. Summary and Outlook ................................................ 247 7.1 Identifying