Ethical Principles in Ethical Principles in Scientific Research Scientific Research and Publications

Ethical Principles in Ethical Principles in Scientific Research Scientific Research and Publications

Hacettepe University Institute of Oncology Library ETHICAL PRINCIPLES IN SCIENTIFIC LectureRESEARCH author AND PUBLICATIONSOnlineby © Emin Kansu,M.D.,FACP ESCMID ekansu@ada. net. tr Library Lecture author Onlineby © ESCMID HACETTEPE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER Library Lecture author Onlineby © ESCMID INSTITUTE OF ONCOLOGY - HACETTEPE UNIVERSITY Ankara PRESENTATION • UNIVERSITY and RESEARCHLibrary • ETHICS – DEFINITION • RESEARCH ETHICS • PUBLICATIONLecture ETHICS • SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCTauthor • SCIENTIFIC FRAUD AND TYPES Onlineby • HOW TO PREVENT© UNETHICAL ISSUES • WHAT TO DO FOR SCIENTIFIC ESCMIDMISCONDUCTS Library Lecture author Onlineby © ESCMID IMPACT OF TURKISH SCIENTISTS 85 % University – Based 1.78% 0.2 % 19. 300 18th ‘ACADEMIA’ UNIVERSITY Library AN INSTITUTION PRODUCING and DISSEMINATING SCIENCE Lecture BASIC FUNCTIONS author Online-- EDUCATIONby © -- RESEARCH ESCMID - SERVICESERVICE UNIVERSITY Library • HAS TO BE OBJECTIVE • HAS TO BE HONESTLecture AND ETHICAL • HAS TO PERFORM THEauthor “STATE-OF-THE ART” • HAS TO PLAYOnline THEby “ROLE MODEL” , TO BE GENUINE AND ©DISCOVER THE “NEW” • HAS TO COMMUNICATE FREELY AND HONESTLY WITH ALL THE PARTIES INVOLVED IN ESCMIDPUBLIC WHY WE DO RESEARCH ? Library PRIMARY AIM - ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO SCIENCE Lecture SECONDARY AIM author - TOOnline PRODUCEby A PAPER - ACADEMIC© PROMOTION - TO OBTAIN AN OUTSIDE SUPPORT ESCMID SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH Library A Practice aimed to contribute to knowledge or theoryLecture , performed in disciplined methodologyauthor and Onlineby systematic approach© ESCMID RESEARCHER Library A Professional individualLecture who has the respons ibility oauthorf thi nki ng novel ideas, designingOnlineby, developing and/or performing methodologies© ESCMID RESEARCH DESIGNS • EXPERIMENTAL Library • NON-EXPERIMENTAL – A) DESCRIPTIVELecture – B) ANALYTICALauthor • 1) LONGITIDUNAL Onlineby -© PROSPECTIVE - RETROSPECTIVE • 2) CROSS-SECTIONAL ESCMID RESEARCHLibrary ¾ IMAGINATION .... Lecture ¾ CREATIVITYauthor İnnovaOnlineby ti on © ¾ INTELLIGENCE + SPARK !! ESCMID Library NOBEL PRIZE Lecture 1921 in PHYSICS author OnlineALBERTby ALBERT EINSTEIN© EINSTEIN Discoveries in Theoretical Phyyysics and Discovery of “IF I KNEW ESCMID WHAT I WAS GOING TO HAVE AT THE Law of the Photoelectric END I WOULD NOT CALL IT RESEARCH !” Effect BASICS OF SCIENTIFIC PRACTICE Library ¾ HONESTY / INTEGRITY ¾ TRANSPARENCYLecture ¾ UNIVERSALITYauthor Onlineby ¾ RELIABILITY© ¾ ACCESSIBILITY ESCMID HUMAN SUBJECTS RIGHTS Library Investigators shouldLecture adhere to the Decleration of Helsinki,author Belmont report, and Online Goodby Clinical Practice (GCP) Guidelines © . ESCMID ANIMALS RIGHTS Library Treatment of animals should follow guidelines (AnimalLecture Ethics Rules and Regulations) that prevent cruelty to author animals. Onlineby © ESCMID Library ETHICSETHICSIN ETHICSIN IN Lecture BIOMEDICAL author RESEARCH Onlineby © ESCMID ETHICSLibrary ETHICS • A SYSTEM OF MORAL VALUES • SCIENCE OF HONESTYLecture and INTEGRITY • HONEST and OBJECTIVE PRACTICES author • THE RULES OF RIGHT OR GOOD CONDUCT • MORAL VALUESOnline ANDby THEIR APPLICATIONS © • DISTINCTION OF “GOOD“GOOD”“BAD” and “BAD” ESCMID ETHICS ETHICS Library • Science of HonestyLecture and Integrity author Onlineby • Honest and Ob© jective Practices ESCMID Library Lecture author Onlineby © ESCMID Library Lecture author Onlineby © ESCMID ETHICS ETHICS RESEARCH PUBLICATION RESEARCH ETHICS Library Adherence by scientists and their InstitutionsLecture to honest and verifiable methodsauthor in Proposing, Onlineby Performing, Evaluating© and Reporting Research ESCMID CHOOSING AND DECIDING ON A RESEARCH TOPIC Library WHAT IS THE “IMPORTANCE” OF MY QUESTION ? AM I ASKING A Lecture“NEW” QUESTION ? author WILL MY RESEARCH PROJECT BE A “NOVELOnline APPROACH”by IN THE FIELD ? © WILL I BE SUCCESSFUL IN THE “PLANNING , APPLICATION AND ESCMIDMETHODOLOGY” ? GOOD RESEARCH MANAGEMENT (EU(EUGRM) (EU - GRM) Library - RESEARCH METHODOLOGY - DATA COLLEC TI OLectureN AND STO RA GE author - DATA ANALYSISOnlineby AND ASSESSMENT © - PUBLICATION ESCMID CONDUCT OF SCIENCE SCIENTIFIC FACTLibrary MENTOR HYPOTHESIS AND NEW QUESTION Lecture PROJECT PROPOSAL MENTOR author DATA COLLECTION Onlineby AND © DATA ANALYSIS MENTOR ESCMID PUBLICATION MONITORING OF RESEARCH ADVISER =MENTOR = “HODJA” Library Lecture author Onlineby © ESCMID WHO IS A MENTOR / ADVISER ? • AN HONEST CITIZEN WHO PAYS LibraryHIS/HER TAXES • A SCIENTIST WHO MUST HAVE A SPARE TIME FOR YOUR PROJECT, AFTERLecture FAMILY HOURS .. • A SCIENTIST WHO HASauthor A HISTORY OF “ACCEPTED“ AND/OROnlineby “REJECTED” PROJECT PROPOSALS © • ASCIENTISTWITH“GOOD DAYS“ AND AT TIMES HAVING “BAD DAYS”... ESCMID “GOLDEN RULES” IN RESEARCH – MENTOR & MENTEE Library • SCHEDULE YOUR MEETINGS WITH A MENTOR QUITE FREQUENTLY AND REVIEW THE DATA ! Lecture • KEEP AND PERMANENT RECORDSauthor OF YOUR DATA IN A ‘CERTIFIEDOnlineby ’ NOTEBOOK ! © • USE STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY IN EVERY STEP OF DATA REVIEW WITH AN EXPERT STATISTICIANESCMID ! Library Lecture author Onlineby © ESCMID “HOW IS EVERYTHING ....?” “LET US MEET AS SOON AS WE CAN..” MEETINGLibrary OF MENTOR MENTOR & MENTEE Lecture DISCUSSION AND authorREVIEW OF DATA Onlineby MENTEE© MINIMUM TWICE A MONTH FOR 1 HOUR (EU) ESCMID SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IMPORTANCEMENTOR OF A !!MENTOR Library ORMENT ORMENT MENTEE MENTEE Lecture author “CHALLENGES”Onlineby © “PROFESSIONALESCMID EXCELLENCE” ORMENT ORMENT Library ACADEMIC PROFESSIONAL LecturePERSONAL authorETHICAL Onlineby © MENTEE MENTEE ESCMID SYDNEY BRENNER (Mentor) ANDREWLibrary FIRE Lecture C.Elegans author Onlineby © JOHN SULSTON ROBERT HORVITZ MRC Unit Post-Doc Fellow Research Fellow 1970 1969 ESCMID 2002 H.ROBERT HORVITZ Library JOHN E.SULSTON Lecture author C.Elegans Onlineby © SYDNEY BRENNER* ESCMIDBIOLOGIC CONTROL OF PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH (APOPTOZIS) 2006 in Physiology and Medicine Library ANDREW FIRE Carnegie Inst of Washington, USA Lecture CRAIG MELLO Univauthor Massachussets Cancer Ctr, USA Onlineby © Fundamental mechanisms by which gene expression and “silencing” is controlled with Process of RNA Interference(RNAi) ESCMID PROCESS OF A RESEARCH PROJECT Library RESEARCH PROJECT Lecture DATA REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT author Onlineby © PUBLICATION ESCMID Library Lecture author Onlineby © ESCMID ETHICS ETHICS RESEARCH PUBLICATION SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT IN RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONSLibrary ANY ATTEMPTLecture OR ACTION TO REDUCE author THE INTEGRITYOnlineby AND RELIABILITY© OF A SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ESCMID SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCTLibrary Lecture “SLOPPY RESEARCH” author SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH WITHOUT Onlineby DISCIPLINE © FRAUD ESCMID “SLOPPY RESEARCH” - THE INVESTIGATOR HAS NOT RECEIVEDLibrary ADEQUATE TRAINING FOR DESIGNING, CONDUCTING, ANALYZING AND REPORTING A RESEARCH PROJECT Lecture - NOT AWARE OF HIS/HER FAULTS AND MISDOINGS ! author - REPORTING UNRELIABLE RESULTS ! Onlineby -HAS“GOOD INTENTIONS”© WITH “GOOD PERSONALITY” - IT IS A “ TREATABLE AND CURABLE ” CONDITION ! ESCMID SCIENTIFIC FRAUD Library - THE INVESTIGATOR INTENTIONALY MODIFIES AND MAKE CHANGES IN THE PROJECT APPLICATION , RESULTS AND REPORTING Lecture -HAS“BAD INTENTIONS” withauthor “DISHONEST PERSONALITY” Onlineby © - “NO EXCUSE FOR THIS BEHAVIOUR ” - HAS ESCMIDTO BE INVESTIGATED AND PUNISHED SCIENTIFIC FRAUD Library PLAGIARISM FABRICATION Lecture FALSIFICATION author DUPLIOnlineCOCATIby ON © SALAMIZATION ESCMID UNAUTHORIZED AUTHORSHIP PLAGIARISM Library ¾ Copying from published or unpublished manuscript, article, chapter, paragraph, sentence, figure, table or photograph ; Lecture Without cit ati on t o th e ori gi nal au thor, or Without permission from theauthor publisher. Onlineby It represents `stealing`©of Intellectual Property and is highly unethical. Atd`ji`iAdiAcceptESCMIDed as a `ma jor crime` in Academia. PARAPHRASING Library ¾ Incorporating the statements of others, making modifications and adding phrases Lecture without citation is unacceptable in the scientific community. author Onlineby ¾ Some colleges© and universities require thei r s tu den ts to s ign a stttatement pritior to registration process. ESCMID FABRICATION Library • The actual making up data and publishing them • Producing data , reportingLecture experiments which were never conducted • “Dry Lab” author • “ManufacturingOnline Databy from clean white benches”benches © • Sometimes are done by computer experts or geniuses…. ESCMID FALSIFICATION Library ¾ Manipulation of Research Data, Processes, Cr itica l Da ta an d Researc h Resu lts.. ¾ Try to fit the results “asLecture expected ” or “compatible with the literature..” author ¾ Tryyp to make the results compatible with the “hypothesis andOnline aim ofby the study”. ¾ Try to change the results© to please the mentor, staff, and make an effort to publish… ESCMID SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT Library Darsee•• Darsee: FabricationLecture Soman•• Soman: Misuse of authorReferee Rights Imanishi•• BaltimoreKari-- ImanishiOnline-- KariBaltimoreby Baltimore: Falsification Gallo•• Gallo Gallo: HIV discoveryPlagiarism© –– Plagiarism ESCMID DISCOVERY OF HIV Library ? Lecture author Onlineby © ROBERT GALLO Prof.LUC MONTAGNIER ESCMID2008 NOBEL LAUREATE FOR MEDICINE AND PHYSIOLOGY DAVID BALTIMORE 1975 NOBEL PRIZE FOR MEDICINE Pres iden t o f Roc ke fe ller Un ivers ity ( Resigned in 1991) Library Lecture author Onlineby © FABRICATION ??? THEREZA IMANISHIIMANISHI--KARIKARI ESCMID Library Lecture PfHProf. Hwang Woooo--susukkk author Seoul Universityyy South Korea Onlineby © “Embryonic Stem Cells By Somatic Cell Transfer Technology”ESCMID Science’05Science’05

View Full Text

Details

  • File Type
    pdf
  • Upload Time
    -
  • Content Languages
    English
  • Upload User
    Anonymous/Not logged-in
  • File Pages
    64 Page
  • File Size
    -

Download

Channel Download Status
Express Download Enable

Copyright

We respect the copyrights and intellectual property rights of all users. All uploaded documents are either original works of the uploader or authorized works of the rightful owners.

  • Not to be reproduced or distributed without explicit permission.
  • Not used for commercial purposes outside of approved use cases.
  • Not used to infringe on the rights of the original creators.
  • If you believe any content infringes your copyright, please contact us immediately.

Support

For help with questions, suggestions, or problems, please contact us