INDEX aba kuuri 102 Atrmad b. 'Ali, ruler of Borno 259 Abbakr Ismã'il, ruler of Dãr Masãlît 114, Abmad Bãbã 3,77 (fn. 86) l16 Ahmad b. Fürtú 135 Abbas, ruler of Kano 186 (ft¡. 154) Ahmad al-Maqúr 100, 102 Abbasid Caliphate 2zl-25 Abmad b. Mutrammad ibn Sa'id 76 abbo daadinga 106 Ahmad b. 'Umar (Ahmadu Sheku), rule¡ of the Umarian state 142-145 'Abd Allãh ibn lbãd 50 (fn. 195) (Amadi 'Abd al-Karim. ruler of Wadai 100, 108, 260 Ahmadi Gaye Gai) 9È91 'Abd al-Qãdir, ruler of Futa Toro ll9 (fn. Ahmadu Ahmadu, ruler of Masina 132 13l), l2l-123 Ahmadu Lobbo, see Seku Ahmadu L¡bbo 'Abd al-Qãdir, ruler of Baghirmi 236 Alexander, Boyd 259 Abdulkarim, ruler oîZx:n 176 'AlI b. Dänama, ruler of Borno 261 Abdullahi ('Abd Allãh b. Muþammad al- 'Al¡ b. Hamdän, ruler of Borno 259 TaSshi), ruler of the MahdiYa 36.20Ç 'Ali Drnãr, ruler of Dar Für ll2,221 (f¡t. 207, 217 -2r9, 221J29, 233 59) Abdullahi, ruler of Kano 174, ll7 (fn. 109) 'Ali (G¿ji) b. Dûn¿ma" ruler of Bomo 134 Abdullahi Burja, ruler of Kano 261 Aliyu, ruler of Kano 179 Abdullahi dan Fodio ('Abd Allãh ibn Füdi) Aliyu Babba, ruler of Sokoto 175,262 2. 159-162,189, 281 Almamate, see imamate Abéché 109 almamy, almaami, almanY (= al-imãm): Abù .Abd Allãh Modibbo Muhammad al- Bundu - 90-91'93-94; Futa Jallon - Kaún/74 ll8-119, l4l; Futa Toro - 122,142: Abu'Abd Allãh Mubammad b. Muha¡rmad used by Samori Ture - 148 b. .Ali b. Mäsã 267 Almohads 69 Abú Bakr, ñrst caliph 12, 22-23 Almoravids 7, 9, 46, 58-59, 6l-69, E5 Abü Bakr b. al-flãji Alrmad b. 'Umar b. amir al-mu'minin 125, 144,168,262 Mubammad Aqtr267 ançã¡ 216,217 (fn.40) Abi¡ Bakr ibo 'Umar. ruler of the Almora- Aqirfamily 74 vids 60 (fn. l4),64,6ó,68 a¡d al-slba 237 Abä'l-Fa$l ,lyãd b. Mäsã al-Sabri 63 Asantehene Osei Tutu Kwame 257 Abù'Imrãn al-Fasi 62 As'ila wörida min al-Takrur fî Shaww,õl E9E abu l-jabbãyin 106 78 Abu Shouk, Ahmad lbrahim 218,23GZ31 AskiyaDãwùd 7Ç77,260 Abû Yúsuf26 Askiya al-tfãä Muþammad 9,69-71 , 134 Abubakæ, ruler of Katsina 177 (fn.191't,236 Abubakar Atiqu, ruler of Sokoto 262 Askiya Isþãq 175,260 Abubakar Kado, ruler of Kano 261 assaka (zakãt) 270,n2 afurma 198 assakal (zakãl in Futa Toro) 122 ada 136 Atiqu, ruler of Sokoto 262 Adamawa 199 Atlahiru II, ruler of Sokoto 200 Aghnides, Nicolas 28, 3E Awbek b. Achfaghu, see Nã$ir al-Dîn Al-aþhãn al - sharÍy a lA4 Awdaghust 6l-52 A I - ahladm al - s ult õ nly a 48, 282 Azrya, Victor 125-126, 130-131, 148 3t2 Onuc¡rony AtuscrvtNc: AN INeutRy TNT7ZAK.ÃT Azawãd 124,266 Bourdieu, Piene 284-285 Brãkna l2l Bã, Ahmadu Hampãté 288 Bremner, Robert 40 Bãdi Abü Diqin 2ól Brenner, Louis 138-139, 268 Baghirmi 107,254 Brown, William Allen 13l-132 Bakhi¡, ruler of Dtu Sitã I I l-l 12 Bukar Aji (Aaji), ruter of ManDãra 95-96 bakonchi l8l Bukaran Arbaana, ruler of ManDãra 96-97 al-Bak¡i 57-58,il-65 al-Bukhãn- 11,42 Bakura Disrict (Sokoro Province) lBl-1E2, bulama l3È140 t92, t96 Bundu, see Futa Bundu (Bamana) Bamba¡a 124, 145 Burdon, Alder 155, 172 (fn. 77,79), 173, banibani 176 r82, 198-200 Banä Daymãn 80 Banu Hassãn (gassaniya) 8G84, 269-272 Calder, Norman 19 Baqqara (tnbf-) 222-223, 225, 228 Cayor 81,122 bara 265 charity, charitable acts: zakãt as charity baraka - 56, 267168 16-17 , 20,23, 239;' and phitanrhropy Barkindo, - Bawuro 9G99 3942; anð public responsibility - 42; barguma 97 and public poor relief - 4243, 185: Barry, Boubakar 81-82, ll8, 120 given to Muslim scholars - 91, lB5, Barh, Heinrich 154, 193,201 25ç266,n3,285 Bashear, Suliman 13,23 chima chidibe 138 b{in-goods 28, 162 chima gana 138, 140 batu mawdo 125 chima jilibe (fn. ,añ 138 213) Boyõn wujrib al-hijra ,l-,iMd 77 (fn. chimakura 138,140 86), t62,28t Clark. Andrew F. 89-90,94 bayt al-jibãya lO2 (fn. 57) Colvin, Lucy (Behrman) 8l (public bayt al-mãl treasury): general - 23, Cruise O'Brien, Donal 268 35-3ó, 5ll Atmoravids 68; Songhay - Cunin, Philip 83 77; Masina (beital) - 127; Soko¡o Caliphate - 162; Mahdiya -216,230- Dãjü r00, ilo 232 Dãti 102 ba¡ mãl al-khums al-khalifa wal-fay 218- Dalilin Samuwar Allah 240 (fn. l7) 221 DãrFongoro 107 bâyt mãl al-jihãdiya 218 Ðãr Für 6, 26, 33, 100-107, ltg, 22l-222, ba¡ mãl al-mulãzimiya 2l8,Z2U2Zl 275J76 bayt mãl al-.umäm 218, 221, 22ç225 Dãr Masãlit 109, I t2-l 16 bayt mãl warshat al-harbiya wal-hrsãna 218 Dãr Runga 107 bayt mãl zabirîyat al-suq 218 DerSilã 110-t12 beggars: deserving and undeserving - DãrTama 107 3740,45:, doles to- l8Gl88 4artba2l4 Beledugu 247 Daura 17ó Benisheikh, A- K. 139-140 De lVaal, Alex 106 bid'a 136, l@ Denyanke 121 Bi,llahi arùnu 182 (tu. 134) dhimmi 29,36 bilãd al-makhzan 237 Dia126 bilãd al-siba 237 Diaguku l4l Bjørkelo, Anders 214, 218, 23G¿3l diakha (zakãt) 120 Bladi, ruler of ManDãra 97 Diina of Masina (Caliphate of Hamdallahi) Bobboi, Hamidu 137-l3E 6,33,88, 123-132 Bokar Saada, ruler of Bundu 93 diamgal 128 (fn. l7l) Bomo 26, 88, 95, 97, 103, 107, 133-141, dime (tirhe) 269 237, 258-259, 2@-266, 275: see atso dimliji 105 Kanem-Bomo Dinguiray 14 INDEx 3t3 diaka (zakãt) 143-146 Futa Jallon 6, 88-89, 91, I 18-121, l4l diwan (payroll) 217 (fn.40) Futa Toro 6, 81,88-89.91, l2l-123,141- drwãn (tax in Dar Fur & Wadai) 105, 109 142 Diyõ al- huk'l<õn 160-1 6 1, 28 1 djangel, see tax on livestock gaisuwa 165, 170 Djata, Sundiara A. 143 Galajio (revolt of G. in Masina) 13l Doi, Abdur Rahman 37, 38 (fn. 155) gandu tudu 173 Doulo 97 Gangar wa'azu 182 dubu da dame 198 Gao72 Dänama (Dibalãmi) b.'Abd Allãh, ruler of Garba, Tijani 158, 16l (fn. 34), 175.179- Kanem 134 180, 182-183.201¿03 dyaka (zakãt) 128 Garbai, ruler of Borno 259 dyakha (zakãt) 149 Gazargamo 135 Gellner, Emst 52-53 Egypt 25 (fn. 70),4516, 49,æ,213 Çtezin22O,225 England 43-45 Ghana (Ghana) 9, 58{0, 62 Ethiopia 221 ghamma (booty); see also khums 93, 217, Evers Rosander, Eva 250 ?30 exemption from taxation 167, 179-l8l gha¡ema (toll; market fee, protection mon€y, üibute); see also maghram 76,82,269 fama 148 Al-ghayt al-wahl fi sîrat al-imõm al-.adl famine relief: Almoravids - 66; Mandara - ló1,280 98; Dar Fur - 106l Da¡ Silã - 1l l: Dã¡ al-Ghazãli 25. 38-39. 49, 69 Masãlit - ll4; Futa Jallon - l2l; ghinâ (sufñciency in material necessities) 40 Sokoto Calipbate - 185, 188-l9l; Gidan Rumfa 166 Mahdiya - 206-207, 222-226, 229, gifts to Muslim scholars 99, 130, 241,243, æ3; Timbuktu - 275 263-266,273,285 fard 17, 19, 120 Gll, J. lVithers lEO (fn. 122), 198,20O fard'ayn 11 , 22 Girouard, Sir Percy 184 faúkiFaya 17,22 Godabawa District (Sokoto hovince) 192 fari-mondio 75 Gomez, Michael 4. 75-76, 89-94 faqih (pl. fuqahã', Muslim scholar) 61, 65, Goni Mukhur 136 68, 79, 103, ll3-114, t16,259-26, Gonja 260 274,n6 Gowers, W. F. 199,201 faqir (pl. fuqariP, poor person) 37-3E Goz Beida I l0 farilla (zåkãt) 120 grain loans I 19 fãshir 102, 105, 107 gurda, see grain loans al-Fãshir (El-Fasher) l0ó Gwandu 172 fatwã 83 fay revenue 35, 51, 52 (fn. 199), 64, 93, Hadejia 169 t62-t63,282 hadiya (pl. hadãy-a') 269-27 0, n 2-27 3 fergo Nioro 142 hai57-58,60,69, lal fergo Umar 142 hakimi (sg. hakimai) 156, 166, 177, 183, firsha 1 13-l 14 195 fiF, fitra (tax) 33, 66, 103, 105-106, 108, hakki binimran (binumram) 139 I I I, I l3-l 15, 2tt-212,2t9-220,225 Hamdallahi ln,42 fitra abdãn 230 (fn.95) al-$ãjj tfamdùn b. Dänama, ruler of Borno Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn 25 I 259,261 Forkl, Hermann 95-99 Hamman Yaji, ruler of Madagali236 Fugumba l19 Hanafi (lslamic school of law) 21 (fn. 82), FufBe 89, 91,93-95. 11&-127, 136, l4l, 29,30(fn. lO2),51,216 165. 199 Hanson, John H. 146 Funj 26, 205, 208-210, 212, zffi barbr 29 Futa Bundu 6,88-95 Hassan A,/Aziz Ahmad 228 3t4 OEUGATùRY AI"II{SGIVING : AN INQUIRY INTa ZAKÃT Hassãni,ûIassãnIya, see Banu Hassãn al-insan al-kãmil 80 Hausa24l-243,263-2& iqtã' (pl. iq!ã'ãt) 24 (fn. 69), 25 (fn. 70), 60, Hausaland 32-33,88 (fn. l), 164-168, 183, 103 (fn.64) 186-188, 199-201, 253-254, 256, Islamic economics 50-53 261266 Islamic order: of lbn Yãsin - 64-46: of al- hâwl (timing) 19 Maghili -7O-71: of Nãsir al-Din - 82; þãqüra 103-104, 107, 1 13, 275 of Ahmadi Gaye - 9l; of Sulaymãn Hewby (Major) 19Ç197 (Dãr Für) - 102; of 'Abd al-Kanm hijra l4l-142,215-216 (Wadai) - 108; of Ibrãhim Sori - 119; hisba 126(fn.162) ofSeku Ahmadu Lobbo - 125-lTl: n Hisketr, Mervyn 77,80, 124, 134 the Sokoto Caliphate - 159-163; of Hødnebø, Kjell 238 the Mahdrya - 205, 216: and alms- Hogcndom, Jan S.