FAMILY Squalidae de Blainville, 1816 - dogfish sharks [=Squalus, Selaciens, Acanthidae] Notes: Squalus de Blainville, 1816:121 [ref. 306] (“genus or even a family”) Squalus [clearly used as a suprageneric taxon, Article 11.7.1.2; changed to Squalinidae by Leach 1818:62 [ref. 12565]; changed to Squalides by Stark 1828:384 [ref. 4193]; changed to Squali by Eichwald 1831:111 [ref. 5562]; corrected to Squalidae by Bonaparte, 1846:3 [ref. 519]; senior objective synonym of Acanthidae Richardson, 1848] Sélaciens Cuvier, 1816:121 [ref. 993] (family) Squalus [no stem of the type genus, not available, Article 11.7.1.1] Acanthidae Richardson, 1844–48:viii, 44 [ref. 3740] (family) Acanthias Bonaparte [correct stem is Acanthi-; junior objective synonym of Squalidae de Blainville, 1816, invalid, Article 61.3.2] GENUS Cirrhigaleus Tanaka, 1912 - dogfishes [=Cirrhigaleus Tanaka [S.], 1912:151, Phaenopogon Herre [A. W. C. T.], 1935:122] Notes: [ref. 6034]. Masc. Cirrhigaleus barbifer Tanaka, 1912. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Cirrhigaleus Tanaka, 1912 -- (Compagno 1984:61 [ref. 6474], Paxton et al. 1989:33 [ref. 12442] as Cirrigaleus, Compagno 1999:472 [ref. 25589], Compagno 2003:380 [ref. 26984], Hoese 2006:154 [ref. 28998], White et al. 2007:19 [ref. 29244], Ebert et al. 2010:22 [ref. 30955], Castro 2011:51 [ref. 31457]). Current status: Valid as Cirrhigaleus Tanaka, 1912. Squalidae. (Phaenopogon) [ref. 2111]. Masc. Phaenopogon barbulifer Herre, 1935. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Cirrhigaleus Tanaka, 1912. Current status: Synonym of Cirrhigaleus Tanaka, 1912. Squalidae. Species Cirrhigaleus asper (Merrett, 1973) - roughskin dogfish [=Squalus asper Merrett [N. R.], 1973:94, Fig. 1; Pl. 1b] Notes: [Journal of Zoology (London) v. 171 (pt 1); ref. 7574] Off Aldabra, western Indian Ocean, 9°27'S, 46°23.5'E, depth 219 meters. Current status: Valid as Cirrhigaleus asper (Merrett, 1973). Squalidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: North Carolina (U.S.A.) to northern Gulf of Mexico; southwestern Indian Ocean: South Africa and Mozambique to Aldabra and Mascarenes; Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine. Species Cirrhigaleus australis White et al., 2007 - Southern Mandarin dogfish [=Cirrhigaleus australis White [W. T.], Last [P. R.] & Stevens [J. D.], 2007:20, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 1560; ref. 29244] East of Bicheno, Tasmania, 41°55'S, 148°37'E, depth 360-414 meters. Current status: Valid as Cirrhigaleus australis White, Last & Stevens, 2007. Squalidae. Distribution: Southeastern Australia. Habitat: marine. Species Cirrhigaleus barbifer Tanaka, 1912 - Mandarin dogfish [=Cirrhigaleus barbifer Tanaka [S.], 1912:151, Pl. 41 (figs. 156-162), Phaenopogon barbulifer Herre [A. W. C. T.], 1935:123, Fig. 1] Notes: [Figures and descriptions of the fishes of Japan v. 9; ref. 6034] Tokyo market, from Sagami Bay, Japan. Current status: Valid as Cirrhigaleus barbifer Tanaka, 1912. Squalidae. Distribution: Discontinuous, Pacific, southern Africa, Atlantic. Habitat: marine. (barbulifer) [Copeia 1935 (no. 3); ref. 2111] Misaki Bay, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Cirrhigaleus barbifer Tanaka, 1912. Squalidae. Habitat: marine. GENUS Squalus Linnaeus, 1758 - spiny dogfishes [=Squalus Linnaeus [C.], 1758:233, Acanthias Leach [W. E.], 1818:62, Acanthias Risso [A.], 1827:131, Acanthias Bonaparte [C. L.], 1838:206, Acanthias Müller [J.] & Henle [F. G. J.] (ex Bonaparte), 1839:83, Acanthorhinus (subgenus of Squalus) Blainville [H. de], 1816:121, Carcharias Gistel [J.], 1848:VIII, 103, Flakeus (subgenus of Squalus) Whitley [G. P.], 1939:242, Galeus Walbaum [J. J.] (ex Klein), 1792:579, Koinga (subgenus of Squalus) Whitley [G. P.], 1939:242] Notes: [ref. 2787]. Masc. Squalus acanthias Linnaeus, 1758. Type by subsequent designation of Gill 1862:39 (of separate) [ref. 1783]. [Bonaparte 1838:210 [10 of separate, and see p. 2] [ref. 4979] designated S. glaucus earlier -- needs investigation and perhaps suppression.] Spelled Squallus by Scopoli 1777:464 [ref. 3990], and Sqalus by Berkenhout 1789:59 [ref. 12437]. •Valid as Squalus Linnaeus, 1758 -- (Krefft & Tortonese 1973:37 [ref. 7165], McEachran & Branstetter in Whitehead et al. 1984:146 [ref. 13675], Compagno 1984:28 [ref. 6474], Compagno 1984:109 [ref. 6474], Nakaya & Shirai in Masuda et al. 1984:9 [ref. 6441], Bass et al. 1986:60 [ref. 5636], Myagkov & Kondyurin 1986:560 [ref. 8063], Cappetta 1987:58 [ref. 6348], Paxton et al. 1989:37 [ref. 12442], Muñoz-Chápuli & Ramos 1989 [ref. 12577], Gomon et al. 1994:105 [ref. 22532], Compagno 1999:472 [ref. 25589], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:88 [ref. 25968], Compagno 2003:381 [ref. 26984], Compagno et al. 2005:49 [ref. 29145], Hoese 2006:154 [ref. 28998], Last et al. 2007:11 [ref. 29125], Last et al. 2007:23 [ref. 29126], Duffy & Last 2007:31 [ref. 29127], Last et al. 2007:39 [ref. 29128], Last et al. 2007:55 [ref. 29129], White et al. 2007:71 [ref. 29130], Last et al. 2007:83 [ref. 29131], Duffy & Last 2007:91 [ref. 29132], White et al. 2007:109 [ref. 29134], Last et al. 2007:1 [ref. 29135], Ward et al. 2007:117 [ref. 29136], White 2008:82 [ref. 30617], Ebert et al. 2010:22 [ref. 30955], Mecklenburg et al. 2011:115 [ref. 31212], Castro 2011:51 [ref. 31457], White & Last 2013:229 [ref. 33242]). Current status: Valid as Squalus Linnaeus, 1758. Squalidae. (Acanthias) [ref. 12565]. Masc. Squalus acanthias Linnaeus, 1758. Brief description; one unavailable species antiquorum mentioned on p. 64. Addition of available species not researched. Type as given by Compagno. •Objective synonym of Squalus Linnaeus, 1758 – (see Compagno 1984:109 [ref. 6474]). Current status: Synonym of Squalus Linnaeus, 1758. Squalidae. (Acanthias) [ref. 3757]. Masc. Squalus acanthias Linnaeus, 1758. Type by being a replacement name. Apparently an unneeded replacement for Squalus Linnaeus; A. vulgaris Risso is an unneeded substitute for the species S. acanthias Linnaeus. •Objective synonym of Squalus Linnaeus, 1758 -- (Krefft & Tortonese 1973:37 [ref. 7165], Compagno 1984:109 [ref. 6474]). Current status: Synonym of Squalus Linnaeus, 1758. Squalidae. (Acanthias) [ref. 4979]. Masc. Squalus acanthias Linnaeus, 1758. Type by absolute tautonymy of included junior synonym. Also appeared in Bonaparte 1846:15 [ref. 519]. Same as Acanthias Risso, but Risso not cited by Bonaparte. •Objective synonym of Squalus Linnaeus, 1758. Current status: Synonym of Squalus Linnaeus, 1758. Squalidae. (Acanthias) [ref. 3069]. Masc. Acanthias vulgaris Risso, 1827. Type by absolute tautonymy of included junior synonym. Same as Acanthias Risso, but Risso not cited by Bonaparte or Müller & Henle. See also Acanthias Bonaparte, 1846. Based on manuscript by C.L. Bonaparte. •Objective synonym of Squalus Linnaeus, 1758. Current status: Synonym of Squalus Linnaeus, 1758. Squalidae. (Acanthorhinus) [ref. 306]. Masc. Squalus acanthias Linnaeus, 1758. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Bory de Saint-Vincent, v. 1, 1822:41 [ref. 3853] (see Whitley 1935:137 [ref. 6396]). •Objective synonym of Squalus Linnaeus, 1758 -- (Krefft & Tortonese 1973:37 [ref. 7165], Compagno 1984:109 [ref. 6474]). Current status: Synonym of Squalus Linnaeus, 1758. Squalidae. (Carcharias) [ref. 1822]. Masc. Squalus acanthias Linnaeus, 1758. Type by being a replacement name. Unneeded replacement for Acanthias [Risso] with species vulgaris, not preoccupied by Acanthia of early authors; Carcharias Gistel itself preoccupied by Rafinesque 1810 in fishes. •Objective synonym of Squalus Linnaeus, 1758 -- (Compagno 1984:109 [ref. 6474]). Current status: Synonym of Squalus Linnaeus, 1758. Squalidae. (Flakeus) [ref. 4695]. Masc. Acanthias megalops Macleay, 1881. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Squalus Linnaeus, 1758 -- (Compagno 1984:109 [ref. 6474]). Current status: Synonym of Squalus Linnaeus, 1758. Squalidae. (Galeus) [ref. 4572]. Masc. Not available, published in a part of work rejected for nomenclatural purposes in Opinion 21 (1938). Based on Klein 1742:7 [ref. 30141]. •In the synonymy of Squalus Linnaeus, 1758. Current status: Synonym of Squalus Linnaeus, 1758. Squalidae. (Koinga) [ref. 4695]. Fem. Squalus whitleyi Phillipps, 1931. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Squalus Linnaeus, 1758 -- (Compagno 1984:109 [ref. 6474]). Current status: Synonym of Squalus Linnaeus, 1758. Squalidae. Species Squalus acanthias Linnaeus, 1758 - piked dogfish [=Squalus acanthias Linnaeus [C.], 1758:233, Squalus acanthias africana Myagkov [N. A.] & Kondyurin [V. V.], 1986:564 [5], Acanthias americanus Storer [D. H.], 1846:506, Squalus antiquorum Leach [W. E.], 1818:64, Squalus barbouri Howell Rivero [L.], 1936:47, Pl. 12, Squalus acanthias chilensis Suckow [G. A.], 1799:98, Acanthias commun Navarrete [A.], 1898:58, Fig. 13, Squalus fernandinus Molina [J. I.], 1782:229, Squalus kirki Phillipps [W. J.], 1931:361, Acanthias lebruni Vaillant [L. L.], 1888:13, Pl. 1 (figs. 2-2b), Acanthias linnei Malm [A. W.], 1877:624, Spinax mediterraneus Gistel [J.], 1848:103, Squalus acanthias ponticus Myagkov [N. A.] & Kondyurin [V. V.], 1986:562 [3], Squalus tasmaniensis Howell Rivero [L.], 1936:267, Pl. 10, Acanthias vulgaris Risso [A.], 1827:131, Acanthias vulgaris Bonaparte [C. L.], 1846:15, Squalus wakiyae Tanaka [S.], 1918:475, Pl. 130 (figs. 368-370), Squalus whitleyi Phillipps [W. J.], 1931:361] Notes: [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Mediterranean Sea and northeastern Atlantic [original: "In Oceano Europæo"]; localities include Sweden, Baltic Sea; North Sea; Irish Sea; Marseille, France; Rome and Venice, Italy;