D-34313-2009 Dräger Gas List 2015 List of detectable gases and vapours Dräger Gas List 2015 List of detectable gases and vapours Gas list to find a suitable fixed installed Dräger gas detection instrument for the detection of a specified substance Edition July 2015 Subject to alteration Dräger Safety AG & Co. KGaA Lübeck, 2015 04 | DRÄGER GAS LIST 2015 | SEARCH INDEXES Search Indexes This list of gases consists of three search indexes and the main part. The search indexes are suitable to find the substance in question by having only its CAS-number, its name (including short name or technical abbreviation), or its sum formula. Using the search indexes you will obtain the substance’s Search Index for Sum formula For every chemical formula - normally associated number to look for in the list of gases. given as a semi-structure formula - a If the substance is not listed, this does not necessarily sum formula exists. A sum formula is mean that this substance is not detectable. formed according to the Hill-system: Within each sum formula the element symbol C (for Carbon) is on the first Search Index for CAS-Number When searching 1.2-Dichloroethane place, the element symbol H (for The CAS-number is a worldwide used look for Dichloroethane, find tert- Hydrogen) on the second, followed by code to identify a chemical substance Butanol under Butanol and Methyl- all other element symbols in alphabetical non-ambiguously. This number is issued tertbutylether under Methylbutylether. order. For every element symbol the by the Chemical Abstracts Service order is given with increasing number of and is the easiest way to characterise This search index also lists short names atoms of the corresponding molecule. a chemical substance. Knowing the or technical abbreviations. However So it seems a little bit strange having a CAS-No. means to be able to get these names may be ambiguous from sum formula of e.g. ammonia H3N, of comprehensive information and links chemical aspects (e.g. Dimethyl ether sulphur dioxide O2S and of hydrogen from internet and search engines. and Dimethoxy ethane usually both cyanide CHN. are short-named as ‘DME’). The considered substance is unambig- Having the chemical formula of a uously specified by the CAS-No. Furthermore refrigerants were consi- substance, the individual element dered. The so called ASHRAE code symbols have to be summarised and Search Index for Name / is basically preceded by ‘R’ (meaning sorted accordingly. With the sum Abbreviation refrigerant) although in other countries formula obtained this way you can go When sorting alphabetically the characters such as ‘F’, ‘FCK’, ‘HFA’, into the search index for sum formulas chemical prefixes such as n-, i-, sec-, ‘HFC’, ‘HFO’ or names such as ‘Freon’, to get the substance’s associated tert-, N-, N.N-, or numbers were omitted. ‘Frigen’ and ‘Propellant’ etc. are used. number. Please proceed correspondingly when So, if you look for e.g. Freon 134a looking for a substance. please search for R134a. Example: CH3COOH Sum formula is C2H4O2. This is the sum formula of acetic acid. But you can verify that this is also the sum formula of Methyl formate (HCOOCH3). Attention: Sum formulas may be ambiguous! The printed data have been ascertained with utmost care. Indemnifications or warranty claims on account of missing or incorrect data are excluded. THE GAS LIST | 05 The Gas List This list is the real list of gases. For each substance there are at least three lines. Besides the columns 1 and 16 of the current number the gas list comprises 20 further columns which are explained in the following: Column 2: Substance, Chemical Vapours of n-Butanol are 2.56 times To obtain 50 %LEL (c = 1.0 %v/v) formula heavier than air. vapour of Ethyl acetate in the 3 litres The main name covers two columns calibration chamber insert in the first line. The 2nd line shows the By using the mol weight M you can 88.1 CAS-No., and the 3rd line shows the convert concentrations given in %v/v F = 1.2478 . ____ . 1.0 = 122 microlitres 0.90 chemical formula. (= % by vol.) or ppm to obtain g/m3 or mg/m3. of liquid Ethyl acetate. Column 3: Shortn., S-formula If there is a technical abbreviation Using the mol weight M you can also If for the substance in question the known it is listed in this column 2nd calculate the density of a gas in kg/m3 calibration chamber procedure is line. The sum formula is printed in (at 20 °C and 1013 mbar) by simply applicable the value of the amount to the 3rd line. multiplying with a factor of 0.04179: be inserted into the 3 litres calibration chamber to obtain 50 %LEL is printed Column 4: Further synonyms Example: The mol weight of Propane is below the value of the density. It is If further names are known the three 44.1 g/mol, so the density of Propane is marked by a subsequent ‘v’ (for most usual ones are listed here. volume). ρ = 0.04179 ⋅ 44.1 = 1.843 kg/m3 Column 5: Molw. g/mol Example: n-Hexane: 81 v IIn the first line the molecular weight If density ρ and mol weight M are (mol weight) M is listed. The mol weight known you are able to calculate the You need to insert 81 microlitres into the is used in many calculations, e.g. you amount of liquid to be evaporated in Dräger Calibration Chamber to obtain can calculate the relative density of a a given volume to obtain a defined 50 %LEL of hexane vapour. gas or vapour by dividing value M by vapour concentration. However, it is very 28.96. If the result is less than 1 the important that this liquid is evaporated Column 6: Dens. g/ml gas is lighter than air. In most cases completely. This requires a sufficiently In this column the density ρ of the liquid the result will be greater than 1 - so it high vapour pressure. in g/ml (= g/cm3) at 20 °C is listed. This is heavier than air. In case of vapours, value exists only for liquids, so gases however, the maximum vapour pressure Use the ‘calibration chamber formula’: are indicated by ‘Gas’. (the maximum concentration at a given To obtain a vapour concentration c in temperature) in an air/vapour mixture a volume of 3 litres at 20 °C and 1013 Column 7: Boil. °C has to be regarded (see vapour pres- mbar you have to insert the following This column shows the boiling point of sure column 7): Vapours can never exist amount F (in microlitres) of the liquid: the substance in °C (at 1013 mbar). in a 100 %v/v-concentration! Below the Below the boiling point given in °C the . __M . mol weight the value of the relative F = 1.2478 ρ c boiling point is printed in °F. This value density compared to air is listed. It is is marked by a subsequent ‘°F’. marked by a subsequent ‘r’ (for relative). Example: Ethyl acetate, M = 88.1 g/mol, ρ = 0.90 g/ml, LEL = 2.0 %v/v. Column 8: p20 mbar Example: n-Butanol: 2.56 r Vapour pressure p20 of a liquid at 20 °C given in mbar (= hPa). Vapour pressure is only defined for liquids. So for gases 06 | DRÄGER GAS LIST 2015 | THE GAS LIST The Gas List instead of the vapour pressure you will Column 9: Flpt. °C Columns 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14: LEL find the marking ‘Gas’ in this column. This column shows the flashpoint of These columns show the lower explo- The vapour of each liquid forms a flammable liquids, preferrably based on sion limit in %v/v. Non-flammable gases pressure which depends on the nature the source PTB. Flammable gases do and liquids are marked by 'n. a.'. If there of liquid and the liquid's temperature. not have a flashpoint and are marked is a void field this indicates that the LEL If the vapour pressure is low, the liquid by ‘Gas’. Gases or liquids being is unknown. Five values coming from evaporates slowly and thus only nonflammable are marked by 'n. a.'. different sources are listed here: produces low vapour concentrations (for those flammable liquids the The emperically determined flashpoint PTB: Source: Brandes, Möller (PTB): flashpoint is usually high). is defined as the temperature of a Safety Characteristic Data, Vol. 1: The maximum vapour concentration flammable liquid which (in a closed Flammable Liquids and Gases, Wirt- nd cmax (saturated vapour concentration containment) is needed to obtain an schaftsverlag NW, 2 Edition, 2008 in %v/v), which can only form in closed ignitable vapour concentration above containments, can be calculated as the liquid’s surface. If ambient tempe- IEC: IEC 60079-20-1: 2010, Explosive follows: rature and liquid temperature are clearly atmospheres - Material characteristics below the flashpoint (e.g. 10 °C lower), for gas and vapour classification p c = 100 . _________20 the liquid cannot be ignited. max 1013 + p 20 NIOSH: NIOSH Pocket Guide to If the vapour pressure is considerably Example: n-Nonane, flashpoint 31 °C, Chemical Hazards, DHHS (NIOSH) lower than the atmospheric pressure, is not ignitable at 20 °C. Publication No. 2005-149, Sept. 2007. cmax can be estimated by dividing the given vapour pressure by the environ- The relatively high flashpoint of NFPA: NFPA Fire Protection Guide to mental atmospheric pressure. n-Nonane is arising from its low vapour Hazardous Materials, 14th edition, 2010 pressure. As already shown it is not (including the NFPA 497).