voL xxrx NO. IO OCTOBER ReconstFrrcts r980 Australia: A .$ 071 Neu NZ S 084 UK: i9 p LJSA: li 078 PUBLISHED MONTHLY Iry Ery.GlSt{, FRENCH, SPANISH, ARABIC, GERMAN, PORTUGUESE AND cHlNEsE BY THE cHtNA WELFARE rNsnrurE (sooNc c'xtr.ro uno, cuninu[nj vot. xxtx No. 10 ocToBER 1980 Articles of the Month CONTENTS Out ol the Ruint Tongshon Report After World's Worst Quake-Tangshan Rises Anew 2 Tongshon, one of Chi- A Power Plant no's most importont in- Restored, A Family Beborn I dustriol cities, wos Builders of the New City 11 leveled in the greot 1976 eorthquoke. A 1,700 Paraplegics 13 f ive-port report on its Sun Xiuqing's New Life IJ revivol, by o teom of reporters who spent two Notionolities weeks there. Present Policies for Tibet (lnterview) tb Poge 2 Economics Xue Muqiao lnnovative Economist 21 Present Policies lor Tibet 'Rare - Earths' Abound 56 A responsible codre Miedicine of the Stote Notion- olities Affoirs Commil. New Hands for Accident Victims 54 sion exploins the re. Culture cent dhonges in po- ond Art licy for Tibet, where New Plays About Taiwan 28 post mistokes hod Performers lrom Abroad produced economit 42 choos ond resentmenl The'Guqin'-Age-old Musical lnstrument 52 omong the people. Poge Peasant Paintings from Shanghai,s Outskirts 64 t6 Annols of Friendship lnnovotive Economist Xue Muqioo Frank Coe Ma Haide.(Dr George Hatem) 30 Across His new best.sellinq book the Lond onolyzes unsolved-orob- Dragon Boat Festival 24 lems of Grino's s6ciol- ist economy Cities of China: Chengdu 34 ond offers guidelines for the future. China's Wildlife Yesterday - and Today 49 Poge 2t History Gunpowder and Ancient Rockets 58 Fronk Coe, Deyoted Friend of Chino History Series - XXV: Ming Dynasty Culture and Science 6l Columns & Speciols Our Postbag 33 Chinese Cookery: 'Carrying pole' Noodles 41 Sports: World Alpinists Head lor China,s Hills 45 Children: Xiao Hui and His 'Army, 70 Jinshon Peosont Pointings Language Corner:' Liulichang Street 71 Front Cover PeosonB ty n the post o l Harvesting Sugarcane by peasant painter Chen Dehua (See style ol on story p. 64) fheir leo uide Editoriol Office: Woi Wen Building, Beijing (37), Chino, Coble: "CHIRECON,'Beiling. Generol Dittributon GUOJI SHUDIAN, P.O. Box 399, Beijing,. Chino. e *-1,& flfter the llorld's Worst Earthquake TANGS}IAI{ RISES ATTEW The first of five on-the-spot reports in this issue prepared by "China Eeconstructs" statf. semi- T F ONCE the world's idea o[ a electric power was so vital to the during the semi-colonial, I urban earthquake rest of China's economy, recon- feudal period, and very raPidIY devastating great was Lisbon in 1755, San Francisco struction in those areas took pre- after liberation in 1949. The in 1906, or Tokyo in 1923, the cedence over housing. Since tr"978, quake destroYed the work of a symbol in our time is Tangshan, horvever, the emphasis has shifted, century at one feit swoop" Of July 28, 1976. In 23 seconds. a and more than 100,000 worker.s the pitheads, bridges, factories, great industrial city of 1.1 million sent by other cities in }Iebei prov- administratlve buildings, hospitais, persons was wiped off the face of ince are now putting uP aPart- schools, houses and aPartment the earth, and those observers ments at the rate of 140 Per daY, buildings, onlY a few rernained could abroad who did not liken Tangshan while the city's Permanent resi- standing, and most of those to Pompeii said it r,vould be twentY dents operate the mines, steel not be used or lived in. on the years or more before the citY could mills, power plants. and building The quake, registering ?.2 when be restored. materials industries on rvhich Richter scale, struck at 3 a"m. today Tangshan is fullY north China depends. most PeoPle were asleeP. For the But oP- functioning, and rebuilding should Tangshan's rise as an industrial miners, it was the Poignant virtually completed in another center dates from 1878, when the posite of the usual shaPe of a Pit be at years. Because Tangshan's first coalshaft was sunk in a Pre- disaster, with women waiting two men' production of coking coal and viously rural area. It grew sIowIY the hoist for news of their 2 CIIINA BECONSTRUCTS Within one and half years, the been inconceivable in China's old great Kailuan mines, China's major society. Some 1.3 billion yuan has producers of coking coal and been spent so far cin Tangshan's thlerefore vital to her entire metal- reconstruction, most of it coming lurgical industry, r,vere supplying from the city's own production, more {uel than before. Tangshan's which now' amounts to about 500 power-generating , capacity! a million yuan anrlually. (In China, major element in the entire north Iarge-scale state enterprises turn China grid rn hich supplies the in thein profits to the national capltal, (population A temporary shack built of discarded Beijing eight treasury, but those in Tangshan saggers (clay boxes in which ceramics million), the port and industrial have been turned back there to are fired) antl held up by roariside trees. complex of Tianjin (population six finanee the rebuilding.) Zhang Shuicheng million) and many other important Tociay, 1.2 million people live in Birtl's-eye view of a n€w residential centers ail the way to Inner Tangshan. Few are newcomers yao area, Dong Mongolia, had also increased * as from other regions. Almost all are had the output of steel and survivors in the city, or recruits cement, Even Tangshan's pot- from its traditional sources of Nearly all of the underground tdries, producing from Iabor in surrounding villages (also night-shift everything miners survived; be- industrial and builders' ceramics in the quake area), or peopie born cause geological of a quirk, there to household crockery and firre and bred in Tangshan who insisted were no cave-ins. But when they porcelain, had revived and werrc on returning from many other came the to surface, many found thriving. parts of the country. And virtual- their entire familles dead in the Iy no one abandoned the area. rubble of their homes. Help from Outside The people have rebuilt their Rescue work began immediately lives along with their industries. and was extraordinarily effective. The rescue, clearing and rrajor This is exemplified by the large While aftershocks completed the rebuilding rvere rlone with help number of new families formed quake's devastation, Chairman from outside the area, first by through marriages between men Mao Zedong sent an inspection the PLA and medical workers'and and women who had lost their team under Premier (now Chair= then by construciion forces rrrobi- original partners and, in many man) Hua Guofeng to the scene lized countryw"ide under a general cases, some or.all of their children. and the army was mobilized. plan mounted in the first three New streets and modern apart- The PLA airdropped food and months and nationally financed. ment houses are mushrooming clothing, trucked in water, dug out But the restored prociuction is amid a forest power cranes survivors, began evacuating of the being carried on by Tangshan's whose swinging arms, lifting pre- wounded and the orphans, an'd own sturdy and confident people. fabricated sections into place, are built temporary shelters. Some "Socialism saved Tangshan," is now the most striking feature of 40,000 medical were workers the way they commonly sum up the 100,000 rushed skyline. The construc- to the city, and it is a both aspects. It is a sober conclu- tion workers (a third of them tribute to their skill and organiza- sion from what has been ac- women) from other cities in Hebei tion that after a quake of such complished since 1976. And province, in which Tangshan is magnitude there were no out- from what, through bitter mem- located, are using more than 2,000 breaks of epidemic disease. ory, they know rvould have major pieces of equipment. When their job is done they will go back Model worker and earthquake hero Gui Liansheng (lcft) antl colleagues with the first wagonload of coal after the quake. Sun Ming Pumping water out of the Kailiran nrines after the earthquake. Yao Dong home. Tangshan's own. working decessor which, in the old colonial smoke control that made Tangshan people, concentrating on produc- pattern of industrial growth, was one of the worst-polluted places tion, are moving into these new simply an agglomeration of crowd- in China, with a choking paII of dwellings as they are built. Thus ed, ramshackle slums around the black and dirty-yellow fumes far, 40,000 families have been re- mine and factories, with a few hanging in the sky, and the river housed, and by 1982 everyone outer islets of luxurY - tree- discolored and devoid of fish. should be in a new home. The shaded homes, clubs, and other As called for by Hua Guofeng, again in current rate of progress, averaging facilities for senior company who came to Tangshan - new city is being erected 140 new housing units each day, men and administrative and tech- 1978, the material, new techni- shows the schedule is realistic. nical staff (most of whom, before with "new the liberation, were foreign). AIso ques, new structure, and new de- not to be repeated is the maze of signs." More than a hundred ex- A City Reshaped rail lines running to the industries perts from seven major design- Tangshan is not simply being and dangerously and noisily inter- ing institutions of the country had rebuilt.