SOUND CHANGES OF THE BORROWING WORDS FROM ENGLISH INTO INDONESIAN IN ROOM DIVISION REGISTER 1 2 3. Parwati, NMD , Budasi IG , Utami IAMI Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha Singaraja, Indonesia Email: [email protected] , [email protected], [email protected] Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan jenis-jenis perubahan suara dari kata-kata pinjaman dari bahasa Inggris ke bahasa Indonesia dalam ranah divisi kamar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan tiga teknik, seperti: wawancara, rekaman dan observasi. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa ada 48 kata pinjaman dari bahasa Inggris ke bahasa Indonesia yang digunakan sebagai jargon di Divisi Kamar. Ada 12 kata yang menjalani proses Cluster Reduction, ada 9 kata yang mengalami proses penthesis atau anaptyxis, ada 4 kata mengalami proses vokal atau diphthongization, ada 5 kata yang mengalami proses paragoge dan ada 24 kata yang mengalami proses monpthohngization. Kata kunci: Perubahan bunyi, kata pinjaman, perubahan fonologis Abstract This study aimed at describing the types of the sound changes of the borrowing words from English to Indonesian in Room Division Register. This study was a descriptive qualitative research. The data were collected by using three techniques, such as: interview, recording and observation. The results of the data analysis show that there were 48 borrowing words from English to Indonesian used as the jargon in Room Division. There were 12 words undergone Cluster Reduction process, there were 9 words undergone penthesis or anaptyxis process, there were 4 words undergone vowel breaking or diphthongization process, there were 5 words undergone paragoge process and there were 24 words undergone monpthohngization process. Keywords: sound changes, borrowing words, phonological changes Introduction According to George Yule (2006) human adaptations that enable them to borrowing words is words adopted by the communicate more easily. speakers of one language from a different language. Borrowing word can be Sound changes happens to happened because the process of speakers someone who is not native speaker or adopting words from a source language into someone who learn the language as their their native language. Some people who new language. Sound changes is how the work in Room Division especially in language can be changed time to time to Padmasari Hotel use the borrowing word make the language exist in their area. So from English to Indonesia. Because of that many people in special area would changes there was a sound changes from English to their language to make a good Indonesia. communication with each other, so some of the employee in the tourist industry According to Caer, (1990) Sound changes the language to make or build a changes includes any process of language good communication with the guest. In this changes that affect pronunciation (phonetic study, the researcher focuses on employee changes) or sound system structures who work in tourism industry especially in (phonological changes). It means that Room Division. Room division here includes sound changes can happen because the receptionist, bellboy, bellgirls and House pronunciation of the peoples. Aitchison Keeping. Sometimes people who work in (2001) states that sound changes is Room Division tend to changes the sound phenomenon of language where permanent of some of words in English when they changes occur in the features and the use speak and giving the information to the of language over time. It means that guest. The employees in room division must language will be changed based on where learn and speak English well because they the language is used. Sound changes also will serve the guest which are more related to how people can make them feel foreigners. So, the researcher want to easier when they want to have interaction conduct a research entitled “Sound and doing the communication with other Changes of the Borrowing Word from people. So, sounds changes can happen of English to Indonesia in Room Division Register”. The result of this study is expected to be beneficial for the teacher and for other Based on the background of the researcher. study, here are the statements of the 1. For Teacher problem: The result of this study is intended to give some benefits to the English What are the types of sound changes in the teachers to teach prospective employees borrowing words from English into who will work in room division. Indonesia in Room Division register? 2. For other researchers The result of this study is intended to From the statements of the problem give some benefits particularly in English above, the Research Objective is: and Indonesia languages about ‘sound To find out the types of sound changes in changes of the borrowing words in English- the borrowing words from English into Indonesia’, so that the researchers can use Indonesian in Room Division Register. this study as their reference for analyzing the sound changes of the borrowing words in English - Indonesia. LITERATURE REVIEW Language is a tool of communication in transferring information whether it is in the 1. Language written form or even in spoken form. Language is usually used to communication from a different language or the source and interact with others. According to Keraf language. According to Crystal (1994:46), (1996), language is important role in human borrowing words is the introduction of life’s, as we know that language is a system words from one language or dialect into of voice which is used by group or the another. community to communicate, share ideas, opinions in order to work together in society. According to Mc Mahon (1999:204) said So, it means that language is a symbol for that there are two ways who to borrow the expressing the mind or what the speaker word, they are adoption or importation is think through sound. borrowing a word by maintaining the features and forms of the donor language. 2. The Characteristics of Language 1. Adoption Process Language is the system that can help Adoption process is process of us as a human to have interaction with each borrowing word in a whole other. According to Jack C (1984), form of word from English, language has some characteristic s, such even written or spelling. For as: example “minimarket” in Indonesia language taken from - Language is Arbitrary English word “minimarket” - Language is Social - Language is Symbolic 2. Adaptation Process - Language is Systematic Adaptation process is process of - Language is Vocal borrowing word which adapted with - Language is Productive and sound language or spelling and Creative written or language structure based on Indonesia language. For example, an Indonesia word 3. Language Changes “konsep” is come from English word “concept”. According to Aitchison (2001), language changes is language the phenomenon by 5. Kind of borrowing word which permanent alterations are made in According to Kiparsky (1965), there are two the features and the use of a language over kind of borrowing word, they are culture time. It means that language can be borrowing and intimate borrowing changed based on the area, culture, and a. Culture borrowing anything else that can give the effect to Culture borrowing is borrowing changes the language. According to Chaer process comes from difference (1995: 180), language is one of our nation language. Culture borrowing usually history to make us have a tools to comes from trade activities, communication, with a language we can technology and religion. Arabic and share our ideas, opinion and the important English are the languages that have things that we have to preserve. Because of culture borrowing in Indonesia. that, language will be changes time by time b. Intimate borrowing and language needs to be changes Intimate borrowing is usually because language also should have occurs when two languages are adaption to make the people can easily to spoken in what is topographically speak. and politically a single community. 4. Borrowing Word Conquest and migration are the caused of intimate borrowing. Dutch Borrowing word in the other word also called and Chinese are the example of loanword. According to Yule (2006:54). languages in intimate borrowing. Borrowing words are the words adopted by the human or the speaker of one language informants as support the collecting the data. If the main informant could not give clear and accurate information related to the data required, the researcher obtained information from the other informants. The 6. Phonological changes object of this research is the borrowing words from English into Indonesian used by According to Crowley the Room Division in Padmasari Hotel, (1992) sounds change in human Lovina-Bali. There were four instruments languages in more-or-less that were used to collected the data,such predictable directions. Sound as: The researcher who do the research, changes are the result of the sum the script of interview questions, note book of individual decisions, so they was used to note the words and phone aren't totally predictable. Because recorder/ recorder. In the data collection, of that Crowley said they divided the researcher used three techniques, the types of sound change into 9 namely interview, observation, and parts that are Lenition and documentation technique. Fortition, Sound Addition, Metathesis, Fusion, Unpacking, The technique of analyzing data that Vowel Breaking or were used in this study was Interactive Data Diphthongization ,Assimilation, Analysis Model by Miles & Huberman Dissimilation, and Abnormal (1984). To analyze the data, there were four Sound Changes. According to steps applied, such as data collection, data Gorys Keraf (1996), the types of reduction, data display and drawing sound change are based on a conclusion and verification. It can be certain sound relation with other explained as follows: phonemes in a segment. The a. Data Collection changes that are mention in this In this step the activities was theory are Assimilation, observing, noting, and recording the Dissimilation, changes based on data needed from selected sample.