Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-77300-3 — The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Space Fernand Verger , Isabelle Sourbès-Verger , Raymond Ghirardi , With contributions by Xavier Pasco , Foreword by John M. Logsdon , Translated by Stephen Lyle , Paul Reilly Index More Information Index Bold face entries refer to figures and figure Advanced Land Imager (ALI) 169, 232, 237 Agila 54, 297, 315 captions. resolution 274 chronology 291 Advanced Land Observation Satellite (ALOS) 163, position 291 169, 270 spectral bands 289 A sensors 232, 237, 270, 274 AGN AAD VSAR 237, 274 see active galactic nucleus see Acquisition, Archiving and Distribution Advanced Land Remote Sensing System (ALRSS) agriculture 241 AATSR 252 Airborne Laser (ABL) 356, 358 see Advanced Along Track Scanning Advanced Landsat 252 air braking 174, 204 Radiometer Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer Air Density Explorer (ADE) 170 ABL (AMSR) 174, 262 Air Launch Aerospace Corporation 111, 126, 128 see Airborne Laser Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) 174 AIRS ABM METOP 243 see Atmospheric Infrared Sounder see antiballistic missile systems Advanced Orion 54 Akebono 175, 176, 177, 178, 178 ABM Treaty (1972) 355 Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Akjuit Aerospace Company 104, 110 accidents in space 48–49, 195, 362–363 Astrophysics (ASCA) 186 Alaska Aerospace Development Corp. 134 ACE Advanced Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV) 156, Alcantara space base 104, 108, 110, 157 see Advanced Composition Explorer 157 Alcatel Space 94, 294, 305, 308 see Atmospheric Chemistry Explorer payload 154 Alenia Aerospace 94 ACeS Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and ALI see Asia Cellular Satellite Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) 169, 232, see Advanced Land Imager ACES 237 ALISSA see Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space resolution 274 see Atmosphère par lidar sur Salyut Acquisition, Archiving and Distribution (AAD) 265 Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) 169, Al Jazeera 311 ACRIMsat 168, 170, 171, 174 237, 270, 273 Alliant Techsystems 135, 137 active antenna 295 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer alloys in space 189 active galactic nucleus (AGN) 183, 186 (AVHRR) 230, 233, 236–237 Almaz 49, 248, 273, 369 Active Magnetospheric Particle Tracer Explorers METOP 243 radar imagery 248 (AMPTE) 49, 176, 177, 178 NOAA 235, 242 SAR 237, 266 ACTIVE mission 110 Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer scalar level 238 Active Microwave Instrument (AMI) 169, 234, 237 (AVNIR) 169, 232, 236–237, 261, 262 SILVA sensor 232, 237, 274 resolution 274 resolution 274 SROSM 237 Active Pixel Sensor (APS) 230 Advanced Wideband Gapfiller (AWG) 352 Almaz Corp. 266 ACTS Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF) Along Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) 169, see Advanced Communication Technology see Chandra X-ray Observatory 233, 236, 267, 268 Satellite AE ALOS ADE see Aeronomy Explorer see Advanced Land Observation Satellite see Air Density Explorer Aegis ships 356 Alouette 48, 175, 175, 176 ADEOS AEM 170, 171 Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) 180 see Advanced Earth Observation Satellite Aerial Images Inc. 261 Alpha programme 66, 81, 364 ADM AeroAstro 137, 138 ALRSS see Atmospheric Dynamics Mission Aerojet 139, 141 see Advanced Land Remote Sensing System Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer engine 135–136 ALSEP (AATSR) 169, 172, 233, 237, 273 Aeronomy Explorer (AE) 170, 171 see Apollo Lunar Scientific Experiment Advanced Communication Technology Satellite Aeros 175, 175, 176 Packages (ACTS) 289, 296, 314, 352 Aérospatiale 309 altimetry 163, 163 Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) 182, 182 Aestus engine 147 missions 166 Advanced Earth Observation Satellite (ADEOS) Afghanistan conflict 311 Amalthea 3, 214 19, 171, 172, 174, 248, 261–262, 262, 268, African Broadcasting Zone 286 Voyager 2 flyby 216 270, 275, 329 Afristar 291, 296, 306 amateur radio 292, 293, 349 AVNIR sensor 232, 236, 261, 262, 274 Agena American Mobile Satellite Corporation (AMSC) OCTS sensor 230, 236, 261–262, 275, 276 spacecraft 354 289, 296, 314 POLDER 236, 240, 262 stage 136 chronology 290 Advanced EHF satellite 352 Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) 90, 92 position 290 390 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-77300-3 — The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Space Fernand Verger , Isabelle Sourbès-Verger , Raymond Ghirardi , With contributions by Xavier Pasco , Foreword by John M. Logsdon , Translated by Stephen Lyle , Paul Reilly Index More Information Index 391 American Rocket Company 137, 138 Apollo 46, 48, 65, 81, 163, 188, 188, 197, 236, Arianespace 145–146 American Rocket Society 80 247, 248 Ariane Structure for Auxiliary Payloads (ASAP) Americom 312 accident 195 145, 146, 193 AmeriStar 306 chronology 362–363 Ariel 3, 215 Ames Research Center 85 Command and Service Module (CSM) 194, Voyager 2 flyby 216 AMI 195, 366 Ariel satellite 4, 48, 170, 170, 171, 171, 175, 175, see Active Microwave Instrument Command Module (CM) 194, 195 176, 181, 182 Amos 289, 297, 314 landing sites 198 ARIES chronology 290 Lunar Module (LM) 194, 195 see Australian Resource Information and position 290 programme 53, 130, 137, 194–196 Environment Satellite AMPTE Service Module (SM) 194 Aristoteles project 164 see Active Magnetospheric Particle Tracer SIMBay 194, 195 Arkon satellite 340, 341 Explorers typical mission 196 Arsène satellite 292 AMS Apollo Lunar Scientific Experiment Packages Aryabhata satellite 48, 101, 175, 176 see Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (ALSEP) 195 ASAR Amsat 290, 292 Apollo–Soyuz Test Program (ASTP) 48, 137, 180, see Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar AMSC 367, 375 ASAT see American Mobile Satellite Corporation Apollo telescope 368 see antisatellite systems AMSR Apple 291 ASC satellite 290 see Advanced Microwave Scanning Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC) ASCA Radiometer 295 see Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and AMSU Application Technology Satellites (ATS) 48, 54, Astrophysics see Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit 243, 296 ascending Andoya launch base 109, 111 chronology 290, 291 ground track 33 Angara launch family 117, 122, 123, 125, 127, position 290, 291 node 11, 12 128 APS ASEAN launch pad 123 see Active Pixel Sensor see Association of Southeast Asian Nations payload 119 apsidal precession 36 ASI Anik 48, 53, 54, 103, 296, 314 Apstar 54, 297, 305, 315 see Agenzia Spaziale Italiana chronology 290 chronology 291 Asia Cellular Satellite (ACeS) 312, 314 position 290 position 291 coverage 312, 313 spectral bands 289 spectral bands 289 Asiasat 53, 54, 297, 312, 315 animal tracking 329 APT chronology 291 Anna satellites 164–165, 166 see Automatic Picture Transmission coverage 313 anorthositic breccia 200 APT Satellite (Hong Kong) 305 position 291 ANS Aquila launch vehicle 137, 138 spectral bands 289 see Astronomische Nederlandse Satelliet Arab Postal Union 309 Asia Satellite Telecommunications Company Antarctic 234, 270, 272 Arabsat 49, 53, 54, 309–311, 314 see Asiasat antenna 59, 60 chronology 291 Asiastar 296, 306 active 295 coverage 310 ASIC Canberra 160 position 291 see Application Specific Integrated Circuits directional 281 spectral bands 289 ASLV Earth station 281 telecommunications 297 see Advanced Satellite Launch Vehicle Goldstone 160 television broadcasting 310 Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Madrid 160 Arcad 311 omnidirectional 57 see Arctic Auroral Density ASTER regional 57 Arctic Auroral Density (Arcad) 176 see Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission semi-global 57 Argentina and Reflection Radiometer spot beam 57, 58 GNP 296 Astérix 48 antiballistic missile systems (ABM) 334, 337, telecommunications 296 asteroid 2, 3, 221 347, 355, 357 Argon 336, 337, 338, 340–341 1998 FR36 222 antimatter 180 ARGOS 179, 328–329 distribution 221 antisatellite systems (ASAT) 334, 354, 355, 355, beacons 329 Galileo flyby 221 357, 370 data processing 329 Hilda family 221 satellites 354 ground stations 329 Kirkwood gaps 221 weapons 354, 358 argument of perigee 11–13 main belt 221, 221 Antrix 101 Ariane 88, 91–92, 112, 115, 116, 141–147, 293, observation 161, 215, 221–222, 224, 224 Apex 178 375 Trojan family 221 apogee 10, 14 Arabsat launches 309 asteroseismology 186 motor 57, 138 four generations 145 ASTP perturbation 15 heavy launcher 116, 147 see Apollo–Soyuz Test Program satellite distribution 52–53 payload 147 Astra 54, 297, 308, 311, 312 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-77300-3 — The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Space Fernand Verger , Isabelle Sourbès-Verger , Raymond Ghirardi , With contributions by Xavier Pasco , Foreword by John M. Logsdon , Translated by Stephen Lyle , Paul Reilly Index More Information 392 Index chronology 291 Aurora launch vehicle 111, 124 biological research in space 188, 189, 205, 368, position 291 payload 119 369, 371, 373 spectral bands 289 Aurora satellite 54, 175, 175, 176, 177, 178, 314 biomass 168 Astrid 175, 176, 177, 178, 179 chronology 290 Bion 162, 188, 189 Astrium 157 position 290 Biosat 188, 189 Astroliner project 141 spectral bands 289 biosphere 161, 167, 256, 275 Astrolink project 295, 305 Aussat 49, 54, 297 Black Arrow 104, 145 astrometry 162, 181, 182, 183 Australia 72, 104, 138, 141, 145 Black Brant sounding rocket 110 Astron 181, 182 astronaut 104 black hole 186 astronaut Earth observation 273 Black Knight missile 145 first spacewalk 364 GNP 297 Block D, DM stage 124, 125, 125, 126 first woman 364 telecommunications 297 Block satellites 241 nationalities 361 Australian Resource Information and Blue Streak 104, 111, 145 numbers 361 Environment Satellite