RP784 V 3 Public Disclosure Authorized Nanning-Guangzhou Railway Construction Project Public Disclosure Authorized Social Assessment Report Public Disclosure Authorized Drafted by: the West Development Research Center of the Central University of Nationalities China Minority Research Center of the Central University of Nationalities Public Disclosure Authorized February 2009 in Beijing Table of Contents 1.Mission, methodology and procedure ................................................................ 3 1.1 Mission and reference................................................................................... 3 1.1.1 Mission.................................................................................................. 3 1.1.2 Reference............................................................................................... 4 1.2 Qualifications .............................................................................................. 4 1.3 Research methodology .................................................................................. 8 1.3.1 Emphases and levels of field investigation ............................................... 8 1.3.2 Investigation procedure......................................................................... 11 2.Related laws, regulations and review mechanism............................................... 2 2.1 Nationality identification and the definition of “minority nationality” in China 2 2.2 Chinese policies and regulations on nationalities ............................................ 4 2.3 The definition of “minority nationalities” according to the World Bank policy 10 2.4 Comparison between China’s minority nationalities and the World Bank’s indigenous peoples .......................................................................................... 11 2.5 Summary ................................................................................................... 14 3. Land system .................................................................................................. 15 3.1 The state basic land system ......................................................................... 15 3.2 Rural land system....................................................................................... 18 3.3 Land system of the project area ................................................................... 19 3.4 Summary ................................................................................................... 20 4.Minority Nationalities .................................................................................... 20 4.1 Association of the project to minority nationalities....................................... 20 4.1.1 General introduction to the minority nationalities in the project area........ 20 4.1.2 Association of the project to minority nationalities ................................. 21 4.2 Rural resources and livelihood .................................................................... 22 4.3 Culture and livelihood of Zhuang society ..................................................... 24 4.3.1 General introduction to Zhuang ............................................................. 24 4.3.2 The livelihood of Zhuang people in the project area ................................ 28 4.4 Relations and comparison between different nationalities in the project ......... 32 4.5 Summary ................................................................................................... 33 5.Poverty and the sexes ..................................................................................... 33 5.1 Poverty in the project area .......................................................................... 33 5.1.1 General introduction ............................................................................. 33 5.1.2 Analysis of the causes of poverty........................................................... 34 1 . 5.2 Association of poverty to nationalities ......................................................... 34 5.3 Women ...................................................................................................... 35 5.3.1 Women and traditional roles .................................................................. 35 5.3.2 Association of nationality to the sex role and position............................. 36 5.4 Summary ................................................................................................... 36 6.Project impact analysis................................................................................... 38 6.1 Positive analysis ........................................................................................ 38 6.2 Adverse impact .......................................................................................... 38 6.3 Analysis of the differences of impact by the project on the nationalities......... 45 6.4 Summary ................................................................................................... 45 7.Parties having an interest in the project ......................................................... 46 7.1 The identification of the parties having an interest in the project................... 46 7.2 Analysis of the parties ................................................................................ 46 7.2.1 The Ministry of Railways ...................................................................... 46 7.2.2 NG company ....................................................................................... 47 7.2.3 Guangxi Autonomous Region Government .............................................. 47 7.2.4 The city, county/district and Township governments ................................ 48 7.2.5 The World Bank.................................................................................... 49 7.2.6 The construction contractor ................................................................... 53 7.3 Summary ................................................................................................... 54 8. Conclusion and recommendation.................................................................... 55 8.1 Information exposure and support by the residents........................................ 55 8.2 The indigenous peoples’ policy of the World Bank (OP4.10) does not apply to this project...................................................................................................... 55 8.3 The RAP drafted for this project also applies to the Zhuang people................ 55 2 . 1. Mission, methodology and procedure 1.1 Mission and reference 1.1.1 Mission According to the recommendation of the experts from the World Bank, at the end of August 2008, the Foreign Investment Utilization and Technology Introduction Center of the China Ministry of Railways (referred to as the entrusting party thereinafter) entrusted Professor Zhang Haiyang, director of the West Development Research Center of the Central University of Nationalities, and Associate Professor Jia Zhongyi, deputy director of the above center (referred to as the trustee thereinafter) to conduct social assessment for this project. On September 2nd, the two parties signed a contract, by which the trustee accepted the commission formally. Through negotiation between the two parties, and after consultation with the related experts from the World Bank, it is clarified that the trustee should undertake the following tasks: a) As per operational policy OP4.10 of the World Bank and the appendixes, the trustee shall investigate along the route of Nanjing-Guangzhou Railway project, so as to understand clearly the actual distribution of minority nationalities in this area and identifying the potential positive and negative impact the project shall have on the minority nationalities. b) Through in-depth field investigation, the trustee shall learn the economic and social development status and the social cultural characteristics of the minority nationalities along the route, so as to tell whether the minority nationalities in this area comply with the “indigenous peoples” as defined in the operational policy OP4.10 of the World Bank. The trustee will then take the impact analysis of the project into consideration and decide whether it is needed to draft a “Minority Nationalities Development Plan” for the minority nationalities in the area. c) The trustee shall analyze the suitability of the related action plan (RAP). 3 . d) The trustee shall draft both the Chinese and English versions of “the Social assessment Report of the Nanning-Guangzhou Railway Construction Project”. If necessary, the trustee will help the entrusting party to draft the Chinese and English versions of the “Minority Nationalities Development Plan for the Nanjing-Guangzhou Railway Construction Project”. e) The trustee shall conduct field investigation and finish the “social assessment report” (and if necessary, the “minority nationalities development plan”) in a timely manner at the appropriate time based on the progress of the preparation work for this project. Timing for the above task starts in early September of 2008 and ends by mid February of 2009. 1.1.2 Reference References that the social assessment investigation and report are built on are mainly the following three types: a) Related policies and regulations on minority nationalities right protection, land resources exploitation and major infrastructure construction by the central and local government of China; b) Security safeguard policy, particularly indigenous peoples policy by the