TAUSUG Flickr / Al Jacinto DLIFLC DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER 2019 CULTURAL ORIENTATION | TAUSUG Profile Introduction ................................................................................................................... 5 Geography .................................................................................................................... 6 Climate ........................................................................................................................... 6 Historic Events ............................................................................................................. 7 Early History .........................................................................................................7 Colonial Rule ........................................................................................................7 The Philippine Commonwealth and World War II ..........................................8 Independence .......................................................................................................9 Recent Events ......................................................................................................9 Government .................................................................................................................11 Media ............................................................................................................................12 Important Elements of the Economy .......................................................................13 Ethnic Groups ..............................................................................................................14 Tausug .................................................................................................................14 Samal (Sama) .....................................................................................................14 Badjao .................................................................................................................15 Endnotes for Chapter 1: Profile ................................................................................17 Chapter 1 | Assessment ........................................................................................... 23 Religion Introduction ................................................................................................................. 24 Islam among the Tausug .......................................................................................... 25 Care and Handling of the Quran .....................................................................26 Religion and Government ........................................................................................ 26 The Influence of Religion on Daily Life .................................................................. 27 Religious Holidays and Celebrations ..................................................................... 27 Maulid-al-nabi ....................................................................................................27 Lailatul Isra Wal Mi Raj .....................................................................................27 Ramadan .............................................................................................................28 Hari Raya Hadj ...................................................................................................28 Pagtulak bala ......................................................................................................28 Places of Worship ...................................................................................................... 29 Behavioral Protocols in Places of Worship ........................................................... 30 Endnotes for Chapter 2: Religion .............................................................................31 Chapter 2 | Assessment ........................................................................................... 34 2 CULTURAL ORIENTATION | TAUSUG Traditions Introduction ................................................................................................................. 35 Honor and Values ...................................................................................................... 36 Formulaic Codes of Politeness ............................................................................... 37 Hospitality and Gift Giving ....................................................................................... 39 Gift Giving ...........................................................................................................40 Food and Eating Habits ............................................................................................ 40 Dress Codes ................................................................................................................41 Celebrations/Holidays ............................................................................................... 42 New Year’s Day ..................................................................................................42 The Day of Valor ................................................................................................43 Labor Day ............................................................................................................43 Independence Day ...........................................................................................43 Ninoy Aquino Day .............................................................................................43 National Heroes Day .........................................................................................44 Bonifacio Day ....................................................................................................44 Rizal Day ...........................................................................................................44 Other Cultural Traditions/Norms ............................................................................. 45 Weapons .............................................................................................................45 Clan Conflicts .....................................................................................................45 Kinship and Friendship .....................................................................................45 Conflict Resolution ............................................................................................46 Dos and Don’ts ............................................................................................................47 Do .........................................................................................................................47 Don’t .....................................................................................................................47 Endnotes for Chapter 3: Traditions ......................................................................... 48 Chapter 3 | Assessment ........................................................................................... 52 Urban Life Introduction ................................................................................................................. 53 Urban and Economic Issues .................................................................................... 54 Armed Conflict and Displacement ..................................................................54 Flooding ...............................................................................................................55 Poverty ................................................................................................................55 Healthcare ................................................................................................................... 55 Education .................................................................................................................... 56 Restaurants................................................................................................................. 57 Markets and Bazaars ................................................................................................ 59 Money and Currency .........................................................................................59 3 CULTURAL ORIENTATION | TAUSUG Shopping .............................................................................................................60 Transportation ............................................................................................................ 62 Street Crimes and Solicitation ................................................................................. 64 Endnotes for Chapter 4: Urban Life ........................................................................ 65 Chapter 4 | Assessment ........................................................................................... 70 Rural Life Introduction ..................................................................................................................71 Land Tenure and Distribution .................................................................................. 72 Rural Economy ........................................................................................................... 73 Rural Healthcare .........................................................................................................74 Rural Education 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