Guide to Traffic Management Part 3: Traffic Studies and Analysis Sydney 2017 Guide to Traffic Management Part 3: Traffic Studies and Analysis Third edition prepared by: Clarissa Han, Ian Espada, Glenn Geers and Publisher Reza Mohajerpoor Austroads Ltd. Level 9, 287 Elizabeth Street Third edition project manager: Chris Ray Sydney NSW 2000 Australia Phone: +61 2 8265 3300 Abstract [email protected] Austroads’ Guide to Traffic Management has 13 parts and provides www.austroads.com.au comprehensive coverage of traffic management guidance for practitioners involved in traffic engineering, road design, town planning and road safety. About Austroads Guide to Traffic Management Part 3: Traffic Studies and Analysis is Austroads is the peak organisation of Australasian concerned with the collection and analysis of traffic data for the purpose of road transport and traffic agencies. traffic management and traffic control within a network. It serves as a means to ensure some degree of consistency in conducting traffic studies and Austroads’ purpose is to support our member surveys. It provides guidance on the different types of traffic studies and organisations to deliver an improved Australasian surveys that can be undertaken, their use and application, and methods for road transport network. To succeed in this task, we traffic data collection and analysis. undertake leading-edge road and transport research which underpins our input to policy Part 3 covers applications of the theory presented in Part 2 of the Guide, and development and published guidance on the provides guidance on traffic analysis for uninterrupted and interrupted flow design, construction and management of the road facilities and for various types of intersections. It outlines sound methods of network and its associated infrastructure. analysis for effective traffic management, design and control. Austroads provides a collective approach that Keywords delivers value for money, encourages shared knowledge and drives consistency for road users. Traffic management, road network, data collection, data analysis, field study, speed, origin-destination, level of service, traffic capacity, traffic flow, Austroads is governed by a Board consisting of intersection, unsignalised intersection, roundabout, signalised intersection. senior executive representatives from each of its eleven member organisations: Edition 3.1 published March 2018 • Roads and Maritime Services New South Wales • In Section 4.1, corrects Equation 5 for the calculation of the capacity of a • Roads Corporation Victoria significant length of a single traffic lane for the prevailing roadway and traffic • Queensland Department of Transport and Main conditions. Roads • Corrects a worked example in capacity analysis in Section C.1.1.1. • Main Roads Western Australia Edition 3.0 published November 2017 • Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure South Australia • This third edition updates Section 2 and Appendix K, and provides a new Appendix L with alternative data sources and their use cases for traffic • Department of State Growth Tasmania studies. This version also includes a new Section 3.4 Multi-modal Level of • Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Service and a new Section 3.5 Austroads Pedestrian Facility Selection Tool. Logistics Northern Territory A new Section 7 and Appendix M were produced and two commentaries were amended to provide high-level modelling guidelines. • Transport Canberra and City Services Directorate, Australian Capital Territory Second edition published April 2013 • Australian Government Department of First edition published August 2009 Infrastructure and Regional Development • Australian Local Government Association ISBN 978-1-925671-18-6 Pages 215 • New Zealand Transport Agency. Austroads Project No. NTM2081 Austroads Publication No. AGTM03-17 © Austroads Ltd 2017 | This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without the prior written permission of Austroads. Acknowledgements First edition prepared by David Bennett, Rod Troutbeck, Peter Croft, David McTiernan, Agasteena Shah and project managed by John Erceg. Second edition prepared by Clarissa Han and James Luk and project managed by Steve Brown. This Guide is produced by Austroads as a general guide. Its application is discretionary. Road authorities may vary their practice according to local circumstances and policies. Austroads believes this publication to be correct at the time of printing and does not accept responsibility for any consequences arising from the use of information herein. Readers should rely on their own skill and judgement to apply information to particular issues. Guide to Traffic Management Part 3: Traffic Studies and Analysis Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Scope and Context ................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Introduction to Traffic Studies and Traffic Analysis .................................................................................. 3 1.3 Structure of this Part ................................................................................................................................. 4 2. Traffic Studies and Surveys .................................................................................................................. 5 2.1 Traffic Studies and Data Needs ............................................................................................................... 5 2.2 Planning and Designing Traffic Studies ................................................................................................... 6 2.2.1 Systems Approach to Traffic Studies ......................................................................................... 6 2.2.2 Preliminary Planning ................................................................................................................... 7 2.2.3 Sample and Experimental Design .............................................................................................. 9 2.2.4 Survey Form Design ................................................................................................................... 9 2.2.5 Pilot Survey................................................................................................................................. 9 2.2.6 Conducting Surveys ................................................................................................................... 9 2.2.7 Data Coding and Entry ............................................................................................................. 10 2.2.8 Data Analysis ............................................................................................................................ 11 2.2.9 Presentation of Results ............................................................................................................ 11 2.2.10 Archiving ................................................................................................................................... 11 2.3 Statistical Methods and Sampling .......................................................................................................... 12 2.3.1 Statistical Methods ................................................................................................................... 12 2.3.2 Sampling Methods .................................................................................................................... 12 2.3.3 Sampling Error and Bias ........................................................................................................... 14 2.3.4 Sample Size Determination ...................................................................................................... 15 2.4 Data Integrity .......................................................................................................................................... 16 2.5 Traffic Surveys ........................................................................................................................................ 17 2.5.1 Traffic Volume Surveys (Appendix A) ...................................................................................... 18 2.5.2 Speed Surveys (Appendix B) ................................................................................................... 18 2.5.3 Travel Time, Delay and Queuing Surveys (Appendix C) ......................................................... 19 2.5.4 Origin-destination Surveys (Appendix D) ................................................................................. 20 2.5.5 Pedestrian and Bicycle Surveys (Appendix E) ......................................................................... 20 2.5.6 Noise, Fuel and Emission Surveys (Appendix F) ..................................................................... 22 2.5.7 Vehicle Mass and Dimension Surveys (Appendix G) ............................................................... 22 2.5.8 Parking Surveys (Appendix H) ................................................................................................. 22 2.5.9 Traffic Generation Surveys (Appendix I) .................................................................................. 23 2.6 New and Alternative Data Sources .......................................................................................................