ISSN 2395-3411 Available online at www.ijpacr.com 831 ___________________________________________________________Review Article Pharmacological Review on Hedychium coronarium Koen. : The White Ginger Lily 1* 1 1 2 Chaithra B , Satish S , Karunakar Hegde , A R Shabaraya 1Department of Pharmacology, Srinivas College of Pharmacy, Valachil, Post Farangipete, Mangalore - 574143, Karnataka, India. 2Department of Pharmaceutics, Srinivas College of Pharmacy, Valachil, Post Farangipete, Mangalore - 574143, Karnataka, India. ________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Hedychium coronarium K. (Zingiberaceae) is a rhizomatous flowering plant popularly called white ginger lily. It is found to have various ethnomedicinal and ornamental significance. The plant is native to tropical Asia and the Himalayas. It is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of India.1 Its rhizome is used in the treatment of diabetes. Traditionally it is used for the treatment of tonsillitis, infected nostrils, tumor and fever. It is also used as antirheumatic, excitant, febrifuge and tonic. It has been reported that the essential oil extracted from leaves, flowers and rhizome of the plant have molluscicidal activity, potent inhibitory action, antimicrobial activities, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and analgesic effects. This paper reports on its pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiurolithiatic, antinociceptive, CNS depressant, cancer chemoprevention and anticancer, Antimicrobial, Mosquito Larvicidal, cytotoxicity activity. Keywords: Hedychium coronarium, Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, Antiurolithiatic, Mosquito larvicidal. INTRODUCTION India is rich in ethnic diversity and indigenous The medicinal plants are rich in secondary knowledge that has resulted in exhaustive metabolites, which are potential sources of ethnobotanical studies. Plants have been the drugs and essential oils of therapeutic major source of drugs in medicine and other importance. Medicinal plants are widely used ancient systems in the world. In Ayurveda, in various ailments, because of their safety drugs are in general called as “Aushadha” or besides being economical, effective and their “Bhesaja” which means that it cures pain and easy availability. According to a survey (1993) sorrowful experiences. The plant sources of of World Health Organisation (WHO), the drugs are called “Aushadhi”. Plant drugs form practitioners of traditional system of medicine the lion’s share of traditional drugs.1 Many treat about 80% of patients in India, 85% in plant species, possessing medicinally Burma and 90% in Bangladesh.2 important compounds, are disappearing at an In traditional systems of medicine the Indian alarming rate due to destruction of its natural medicinal plants have been used in successful habitats owning to rapid agricultural management of various disease conditions like development, urbanization, indiscriminate bronchial asthma, chronic fever, cold, cough, deforestation and uncontrolled collection of malaria, dysentery, convulsions, diabetes, plant materials. diarrhoea, arthritis, emetic syndrome, skin In present pharmaceutical field, plants form the diseases, insect bite etc. and in treatment of major sources for medicines, as the large gastric, hepatic, cardiovascular & number of drugs in use are obtained from immunological disorders.3 plants, like vasicine from Adhatoda vasica, Although 20000 plants species are used in Boswellic acid from Boswellia serrata, traditional medicine, most species have not momordicosides from Momordica charantia, been thoroughly examined chemically and Levodopa from Mucuna pruriens, phyllanthin pharmacologically. The present review article from Phyllanthus amarus, Terestrosins from gives an account on different screening Tribulus terestris etc. models used in various pharmacognostic International Journal of Pharma And Chemical Research I Volume 3 I Issue 4 I Oct – Dec I 2017 ISSN 2395-3411 Available online at www.ijpacr.com 832 activities of the plant Hedychium coronarium K. Hedychium, popularly called ginger lily is a rhizomatous flowering plant belonging to family Zingiberaceae. The plant is native to tropical Asia and the Himalayas. India has rich diversity of ginger lily with 44 taxa, which includes 31 species and 13 varieties and is mainly distributed in Northeast India and South India. 24 species of Hedychium, a genus of Zingiberaceae had been reported in Northeast India, out of the 65 valid taxon in the world which indicates its highest species concentration in this region. The Zingiberaceae plant Hedychium coronarium K. has many common names like butterfly ginger, butterfly lily, cinnamon jasmine, garland flower Hedychium coronarium plant 4 and ginger lily. Plants from genus Hedychium Koenig THERAPEUTIC USES (Zingiberaceae) are herbs with perennial Hedychium coronarium is an erect tuberous rootstocks; root fibres hardly rhizomatous herb. It is cultivated in tropical thickened; stem elongate, leafy. Leaves and subtropical regions of India. The plant is distichous, oblong or lanceolate. Flowers widely utilized in traditional medicine systems usually in terminal spikes; bracts oblong, wherever it grows, although applications vary subcoriaceous, one or more flowered. Calyx by region. This plant has tremendous tubular, 3-toothed. Corolla tube long, slender, medicinal properties and its various parts are lobes equal, linear, spreading. Perfect stamen used in traditional as well as modern 1; lateral staminodes linear or cuneate-oblong. medicine.6 Its rhizomes are consumed by local Lip large, 2-fid. Ovary 3-celled; ovule many, people of Manipur. It is used as a febrifuge, superposed on axile placentas; style long, tonic, excitant and anti- rheumatic in the filiform; stigma subglobose. Fruit a globose 3- Ayurvedic system of traditional Indian valved capsule. Seeds many, small, with a medicine. It has been reported that its 5 lacerate aerial. rhizomes are used for the treatment of diabetes, tonsillitis, infected nostrils, tumor and CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS fever.7The local people of Manipur consume Previous phytochemical investigations showed its rhizomes as vegetable. Its rhizome is used that the plant contains the diterpenes- in the treatment of diabetes. Traditionally it is coronarinA, coronarin B, coronarin C, used for the treatment of tonsillitis, infected coronarin D and isocoronarin D. Studies also nostrils, tumor and fever. It is also used as showed the presence of phenolic compounds, antirheumatic, excitant, febrifuge and tonic. It flavonoids, protein, steroids and triterpenoids, has been reported that the essential oil cardiac glycosides, diterpene, tannin, saponin extracted from leaves, flowers and rhizome of and oil but tested negative for the presence of the plant have molluscicidal activity, potent alkaloids in the rhizomes of the plant. inhibitory action, antimicrobial activities, Phlobatannin was present in the methanolic antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and 1 rhizome extract of H. coronarium . Forty six analgesic effects.1 compounds were identified in the rhizome oil Studies have indicated the potential analgesic, of H. coronarium. The main components anti-inflammatory activity8, anti-urolithiatic identified were linalool, limonene, trans-meta- activity9, anti-nociceptive activity10, CNS mentha, 2,8diene, γ-terpinene and 10-epi-γ- depressant activity11 in the extract of their 5 eudismol. Essential oil from the flowers were rhizomes. The essential oil from the flowers investigated and a total of 29 components were studied for their anti-oxidant and anti- were identified and the main constituents inflammatory activities.12 whereas the essential included β-transocimenone, linalool, 1,8- oil obtained from the rhizomes was studied for cineole, α-terpineol, 10-epi-γ-eudesmol, its anti-bacterial activity.5 The labdane sabinene and terpinen-4-ol. diterpenes were isolated from rhizomes and their cancer chemopreventive potential was evaluated.13 Antimicrobial, Mosquito Larvicidal and Antioxidant Properties were studied in Leaf and Rhizome extracts.14 International Journal of Pharma And Chemical Research I Volume 3 I Issue 4 I Oct – Dec I 2017 ISSN 2395-3411 Available online at www.ijpacr.com 833 Rhizome oh Hedychium coronarium K PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES essential oils revealed antimicrobial 1. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY activity against all the five cultures. Successive hexane, chloroform and Hedychium coronarium rhizome methanol extracts of the rhizome of essential oil extract elucidated Hedychium coronarium Koen were maximum efficacy against Proteus subjected to evaluate analgesic and vulgaris and Pseudomonas anti-inflammatory activities in animal aeruginosa followed by Salmonella model. In acetic acid-induced writhing typhi, E. coli and Staphylococcus test, the chloroform and methanol aureus.5 extract at doses of 400 mg/kg body weight showed marked inhibition of 3. ANTI-UROLITHIASIS writhing reflex. Both the chloroform Urolithiasis or Lithiasis is a and methanol extracts showed consequence of complex physical significant elongation of tail flick time processes. Crystals retained in kidney at this dose. In carrageenan induced can become nucleus for stone rat paw edema test, the chloroform formation. In this study, ethanolic & and methanol extracts at at this dose aqueous extracts of roots and showed statistically significant rhizomes of Hedychium coronarium J. inhibition of paw edema after Koenig plant were evaluated for