Arabesque –a form of Islamic art Arabesque is art with repeated geometric forms that echo the forms of plants and animals. It is widely used to decorate the walls of mosques and started to spread greatly during the golden age of Islam. It was used since living beings were not permitted to be shown in forms of art. Expressing with Arabesque There are 2 types of arabesque: one expresses the principles that rule the world. In this type, each form has some sort of symbolism that has to do with earth, air, fire, and water. (ex. Square) the second is based on the nature of plants and the feminine nature of giving birth to life. Adding color emphasizes rhythm and harmony. Symbolism and cultural significance of Arabesque Arabesque symbolizes the united faith of Islam and the way of viewing the world. It helped unite Muslims by connecting them through art. Also, order and unity are important valued aspects of community. Islamic art represents the unity by having all styles of Arabesque resemble itself. It is difficult to determine where a certain style of Islamic art has came from since all of them are similar. World at the time of Arabesque During the time of the mid 11th century, the Christian Crusades were attacking and ruling the Islamic World. After being pushed out of the Middle Eastern territory, by Saladin, Europe received much influence from Islam. Other invasions were also occurring during the Golden Age of Islam, which was when Arabesque was at its peak. The rest of the world was experiencing the rise of new cultures such as Christianity, and the Classical Era was long over. During this new era, Islam was spreading. Trade was also rapidly increasing so contacts with other civilizations were frequent. Influences of Arabesque When Islam was spreading, the arts and thoughts of the religion spread as well. As merchants, traders, and scholars traveled to other places, they took the style of Arabesque with them. Architecture with arabesque designs on the walls and floors appeared in Europe, India, and northern Africa. A few examples include: • The Taj Mahal in India, • The Alhambra in Spain, • The Amr Ibn El-Aas in Egypt Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem.