©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 105 A 45–159 Wien, Februar 2004 GEOLOGIE UND PALÄONTOLOGIE The Miocene Flora of Parschlug (Styria, Austria) – Revision and Synthesis By Johanna KOVAR-EDER1, Zlatko KVACEK2 & Margit STRÖBITZER-HERMANN3 (With 5 figures, 11 tables and 15 plates) Manuscript submitted on 23 October 2002, the revised manuscript on 21 January 2003 Abstract The first monographic treatment of the famous fossil flora of Parschlug (Styria, Austria) is presented. It com- prises more than 60 plant species including 4 ferns, 5 conifers, and over 50 angiosperms. Described for the first time are Ulmus parschlugiana and Antholithes stiriacus. Newly combined are Berberis teutonica, B. (?) ambigua, Mahonia (?) aspera, Ternstroemites pereger, Cedrelospermum ulmifolium, Leguminosites hesperidum, L. dionysi, L. palaeogaeus, L. parschlugianus, Prinsepia serra, Cotinus (?) aizoon, and Ailanthus pythii. Diversified mesophytic elements prevail over a few dominant or common azonal woody taxa. Among the for- mer, humid temperate components are relatively scarce and humid subtropical ones are rare, while subhumid, physiognomically sclerophyllous woody taxa are well represented. The age is considered as Karpatian/Early Badenian (late Early/early Middle Miocene) based on the floristic composition. Climatically this association indicates a drier warm-temperate/subtropical regime than documented from earlier and later Miocene times. Keywords: Macroflora, palaeoecology, palaeoclimate, floristic comparison, Miocene, Norian depression, Austria. Zusammenfassung Erstmals wird die Flora von Parschlug (Steiermark, Österreich) monographisch erfasst. Sie enthält mehr als 60 Pflanzenarten, davon 4 Farne, 5 Koniferen und mehr als 50 Angiospermen. Ulmus parschlugiana and Antholithes stiriacus werden erstmals beschrieben. Neu kombiniert werden Berberis teutonica, B. (?) ambigua, Mahonia (?) aspera, Ternstroemites pereger, Cedrelospermum ulmifolium, Leguminosites hesperidum, L. dionysi, L. palaeogaeus, L. parschlugianus, Prinsepia serra, Cotinus (?) aizoon, und Ailanthus pythii. Außer einigen dominierenden oder häufigen azonalen Gehölzen herrschen mesophytische Elemente vor. Unter diesen sind humid temperate nicht häufig und humid subtropische sogar selten. Aber subhumide, physiognomisch sklerophylle Gehölze sind reichlich vertreten. Basierend auf der floristischen Zusammen- setzung wird ein karpatisch/unter-badenisches Alter (oberes Unter-/unteres Mittel-Miozän) angenommen. Im Vergleich mit älteren und jüngeren miozänen Floren deutet die Vergesellschaftung von Parschlug auf relativ trockenere warm-temperat/subtropische klimatische Verhältnisse hin. Schlüsselwörter: Makroflora, Paläoökologie, Paläoklima, floristische Vergleiche, Miozän, Norische Senke, Österreich. 1 Johanna KOVAR-EDER, Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, D-70191 Stuttgart, Germany; e-mail: [email protected]. 2 Zlatko KVACEK, Charles University, Faculty of Science, Albertov 6, CZ-128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected]. 3 Margit STRÖBITZER-HERMANN, Geologisch-Paläontologische Abteilung, Naturhistorisches Museum, Burg- ring 7, P.B. 417, A-1014 Wien, Austria; e-mail: [email protected]. ©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at 46 Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 105 A Table of contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 48 Geography and geological frame ................................................................................................................ 49 Material and methods .................................................................................................................................. 50 Systematics .................................................................................................................................................. 52 Osmunda parschlugiana (UNGER)ANDREÁNSZKY ...................................................................................... 52 Pronephrium stiriacum (UNGER)KNOBLOCH & Z. KVACEK ....................................................................... 52 Adiantum renatum UNGER .......................................................................................................................... 52 Salvinia cf. mildeana GOEPPERT .................................................................................................................. 53 Pinus sp. div. ............................................................................................................................................... 53 ? Cathaya sp. ............................................................................................................................................... 54 Glyptostrobus europaeus (BRONGNIART)UNGER ........................................................................................ 54 ? Cupressus sp. ........................................................................................................................................... 55 Daphnogene polymorpha (A. BRAUN)ETTINGSHAUSEN ............................................................................. 55 Berberis teutonica (UNGER)KOVAR-EDER & Z. KVACEK comb. nov. ........................................................ 56 Berberis (?) ambigua (UNGER)KOVAR-EDER & Z. KVACEK comb. nov. ................................................... 56 Mahonia (?) aspera (UNGER)KOVAR-EDER & Z. KVACEK comb. nov. ..................................................... 57 Cercidiphyllum crenatum (UNGER) R. BROWN ........................................................................................... 57 Liquidambar europaea A. BRAUN .............................................................................................................. 58 Liquidambar sp. – fructus ........................................................................................................................... 58 Platanus leucophylla (UNGER)KNOBLOCH ................................................................................................. 58 Betula cf. dryadum BRONGNIART ................................................................................................................ 59 Betula vel Alnus sp. .................................................................................................................................... 59 Alnus julianiformis (STERNB.) Z. KVACEK &HOLY .................................................................................... 59 Alnus gaudinii (HEER)KNOBLOCH & Z. KVACEK ....................................................................................... 60 Fagus sp. – leaf ........................................................................................................................................... 60 Fagus sp. – cupule ...................................................................................................................................... 60 Fagus vel Alnus sp. ..................................................................................................................................... 61 Quercus drymeja UNGER ............................................................................................................................. 61 Quercus mediterranea UNGER .................................................................................................................... 62 Quercus zoroastri UNGER ........................................................................................................................... 62 cf. ? Gordonia oberdorfensis KOVAR-EDER ................................................................................................ 63 Ternstroemites pereger (UNGER)KOVAR-EDER & Z. KVACEK comb. nov. ................................................ 63 Myrica lignitum (UNGER)SAPORTA ............................................................................................................. 64 Myrica oehningensis (A. BRAUN)HEER ...................................................................................................... 65 Myrica sp. – fructus .................................................................................................................................... 65 Engelhardia orsbergensis (WESSEL &WEBER)JÄHNICHEN,MAI &WALTHER .......................................... 65 Engelhardia macroptera (BRONGNIART)UNGER ......................................................................................... 65 Tilia longebracteata ANDRAE ..................................................................................................................... 66 Craigia bronnii (UNGER) Z. KVACEK,B˚UZEK &MANCHESTER .................................................................. 66 Ulmus plurinervia UNGER ........................................................................................................................... 66 Ulmus parschlugiana KOVAR-EDER & Z. KVACEK sp. nov. ....................................................................... 67 Cedrelospermum ulmifolium (UNGER)KOVAR-EDER & Z. KVACEK comb. nov. – foliage ........................ 68 Cedrelospermum stiriacum (ETTINGSHAUSEN)KOVAR-EDER & Z. KVACEK comb. nov. – fructus ............ 68 Zelkova zelkovifolia (UNGER)B˚UZEK &KOTLABA .....................................................................................