Ethnic Minority Development Plan Project No.: 43049 June 2013 People’s Republic of China: Comprehensive Agricultural Development Project For Helong County, Jilin Province Prepared by the Helong Municipal Agricultural Comprehensive Development Office and the Helong Municipal National Bureau of Religious Affairs for the State Office for Comprehensive Agricultural Development and the Asian Development Bank. This ethnic minority development plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. ADB Loan Agricultural Infrastructures Comprehensive Development Project Helong Municipal Ethnic Minorities Development Plan Project Building Unit: Helong Municipal Agricultural Comprehensive Development Office Project Compilation Unit: Helong Municipal National Bureau of Religious Affairs Project Compilation Time: June 6, 2013 Contents 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………1 2. Project Background…………………………………………………………………2 2.1 Project Description………………………………………………………………………...2 2.2 Provincial/County (County-level City) Population of Ethnic Minorities………………....3 2.3 Legal and Policy Framework……………………………………………………………...3 3. Ethnic Minorities in Sub-project Area…………………………………………...…5 3.1 Methodology………………………….……………………………………………………5 3.2 Population for Ethnic Minorities of Yanbian Korean Nationality Autonomous Prefecture.5 3.3 Helong Municipal Social and Economic Generalization…………………….………….....6 3.4 Distribution Situation of Helong Municipal Ethnic Minorities……………….……….......8 3.5 Population of Ethnic Minorities of Project Area………………………….………………..8 3.6 Social and Economic Distinguishing Features of Ethnic Minorities Communities…….…8 4. Project Benefit and Impacts...……………………………………………………..10 4.1 Project Composition Range………………………………………………………………10 4.2 Analysis of Stakeholders………………………………………………………………….10 4.3 Project Benefit……………………………………………………………………..…….12 4.4 Potential Project Influence………………………………………………………………..15 4.5 Expectations and Concerns……………………………………………………………….17 4.6 Plan of Consultation and Participation…………………………………………..………18 5. Plan of Actions…………………………………………………………………….21 5.1 Mitigation Measures……………………………………………………..………………21 5.2 Strengthening Measures…………………………………………………………………22 5.3 Budget and Source of Funding..………………………………………………………….23 5.4 Arrangements for Implementation……………………………………………………….23 5.5 Monitoring and Appraisal………………………………………………………………..24 1. Introduction Compilation of this ethnic minorities development plan is to ensure that relevant ethnic minorities communities and individuals of Helong municipal agricultural comprehensive development sub-project area can impartially share project benefit and mitigation measures. Helong municipal agricultural comprehensive sub-project is a part of agricultural infrastructure comprehensive development project (six provinces and regions including Jilin, Yunnan, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Anhui and Henan) of China’s using ADB loan. This ethnic minorities development plan is compiled in accordance with project technical assistance group’s social and poverty appraisal report and consulted with ethnic minorities groups, local governments and their affiliated departments. ADB loan agricultural infrastructure comprehensive development project involves in 69 counties (county-level cities) in 6 provinces and regions. Based on investigations for social and poverty conditions of ethnic minorities in Helong City and its project area, appropriate provisions have been integrated into project design to improve economic status of ethnic minorities groups. Specific provisions of mitigation measures have also been integrated into this ethnic minorities development plan which will be conducive to ensure that adversely affected ethnic minorities will also benefit from project. Governmental present ethnic minorities policy and plan further help protecting and improving benefit of ethnic minority groups. Targeted crowds of this ethnic minorities development plan are Korean nationalities in project area accounting for 5.1% of total population of Helong Municipal ethnic minorities. 1 2. PROJECT BACKGROUND 2.1 Project Description Security of national grains is considered to be a major policy problem in China. It is generally believed that, grains production shall be increased not only in regions with more grains to meet increasingly increased demand for grains in urban areas, but also in areas where supply and demand of grains are balanced to continuously ensure security of grains. This project is project of implementing agricultural comprehensive development by using ADB loan which focuses on recovery and improvement for water conservancy infrastructures of medium-low yield farmlands in six provinces and regions. Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin and Anhui are whole China’s 4 largest abundant provinces in terms of grains, which grain-producing area and grain yield in 2008 respectively account for whole China’s 29.5% and 29.2%. Jilin and Yunnan are grains balanced regions where grains production shall be maintained and improved, so they will not become “grains deficit” regions. In accordance with selection conditions for project area, such as, it has been listed as agricultural comprehensive development county (county-level city), it is agricultural base where large area of continuous lands exist and is suitable for sustainable development, sufficient irrigation water source exist and strong supports from local government, etc, 69 counties (county-level cities) (county-level city and district’s farms) among 6 provinces and regions are selected as ADB loan project counties (county-level cities). At present, most of local irrigation systems is in a state of disrepair, or has not achieved level of using among farmlands, and compared with surrounding regions, lands in such regions belong to medium-low yield lands where road status is poor. Project area in project county (county-level city) is relatively poorer and it can be compared with project area’s annual per capita income of CNY 6, 510, it is 83% of project county (county-level city)’s annual per capita income of CNY 7, 820. 2 This project includes three major constituent parts: A. Improvement of irrigation infrastructures; B. Strengthening irrigation agriculture; C. Strengthening project management. It is expected that project can enable 98, 350 hectares of lands and 1.23 million people in 69 counties (county-level cities) in 6 provinces and regions benefited through these outputs. Helong municipal agricultural comprehensive development sub-project involves in 6 villages in 2 towns with land area of 108, 800mu (1 mu is about 0.07ha), including arable land area of 35, 800mu, among which, medium-low yield farmland is 11, 800mu and high-yield farmland is 24, 000mu. This project can enable 6, 777 people in 6 villages benefited through improving irrigation system, improving rural roads and various measures of implementing improvement of farming and strengthening capacity construction including maintenance of facilities and engaging in green agricultural or pollution-free agricultural production. 2.2 Population of Provincial/County (County-level City) Ethnic Minorities Yanbian Korean Nationality Autonomous Prefecture is China’s sole Korean nationality prefecture and is Chinese Korean nationality’s largest concentrated area with population of 2.17 million people and population of Korean nationalities of 680, 000 people. Helong City where project is located possesses population of 195, 000 people, among which, population of ethnic minorities is 95, 700 people accounting for 51.85% of whole city’s total population. Composition for population of ethnic minorities is based on Korean nationalities, among which, population of Korean nationalities is 92, 800 people accounting for 50.3% of whole city’s total population. Table 2-1: Population of Ethnic Minorities in Helong Municipal Project Area Project Total Rural Population Population Per Capita Arable Land County Population Population of Ethnic of Ethnic Arable Land Area (ha) (County-leve (Ten (Ten Minorities Minorities Area (mu) 3 l City)/City Thousand Thousand (Ten Accounting People) People) Thousand for % of Total People) Population Helong City 19.50 73.7 25, 024 95.75 51.85 2.03 Project Area’s Total Population Accounting 3.5% 9.2% 9.5% 5.06% 71.56% 5.28 for % of Helong Total Population 2.3 Legal and Policy Framework 2.3.1 State's Laws and Regulations of Ethnic Minorities After 1949, the People’s Republic of China has adopted policy of nationalities equality and constitution and laws have stipulated that all nationalities are equal. Because ethnic minorities are in relatively backward social and economic status, central government has subsequently adopted a series of policies attaching great importance to ethnic minorities groups to help them “catch up” mainstream groups. To implement such policies, central government firstly defined definition of ethnic minority, calculated population of ethnic minorities and surveyed and drew ethnic minorities areas. The People’s Republic of China’s policies after 1949 has made accurate definition for nationality mainly in accordance with languages, living scope, economic