AN ANALYSIS OF HOPE AS REFLECTED IN ELIF SHAFAK’S NOVEL THE FORTY RULES OF LOVE A THESIS BY TASSA ANNISA REG. NO. 130705118 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2018 Universitas Sumatera Utara ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First of all, I would like to thank and praise to Almighty God, Allah SWT who has given the mercy, the blessing, guarding, and guidance in my life. Shalawat and Salam for the Prophet Muhammad SAW who has brought us from the darkness to the brightness. There are so many steps has been done by the researcher to make this thesis complete entitled An Analysis Of Hope As Reflected in Elif Shafak’s Novel The Forty Rules Of Love,and ready to presented as a thesis of the first graduate. Then, my deepest thank and love are dedicated to my beloved parents, Helena most special woman in my life, who always pray for me, always listen to my sad yet happy story and my father, Darsono Aziz Jambak thankyou who have patiently given moral, spiritual, and prays to their daughter. And also for my dear sister, Shahira AnNissa S.Kom (elok) thankyou for your support, happiness and sadness that we always share together. We may fight, argue, but I do love you. My gratitude goes to the Head and the Secretary of English Department, Dr. Deliana, M.Hum., and Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph. D.,for providing me with necessary facilities and opportunities given to me during my study in this faculty. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Siti Norma, M.Hum., as my supervisor and Dian Marisha Putri, S.S., M.Si as my co- supervisor for their amazing help, knowledge, expert advices and encouragements throughout the process of finishing this thesis, which was so needed and offered with patience. I also like to thank Dra. Diah Rahayu Pratama, M.Pd as my examiner for the kindness that I received during my trial exam. I also would like to give massive thanks to all lecturers of USU’s English Department. And also Pak Kirno, thank you so much for helping me in administration. Universitas Sumatera Utara Thanks to all of my family, Sutan Agus’s Family and Aziz Jambak’s Family that i can't mention one by one. Thank you for the love and support. Your supports have been the most valuable things in my life. For that I am very grateful to have them in my life. Thanks to my best friends at campus, Anggun, Tari, Asia, Nisa, Nur thanks for being the person who understand me with all the stupid things I do, thanks for the time we shared, the time we laughed, the time we fought and the time we enjoyed. I will be missing the days we spent together, kiki who has become a friend in difficulty working on this thesis. And thanks to my classmate in English Literature 2013 B who always spend our times together. My entire friends in out of campus that cannot be mentioned one by one I will never forget your kindness and support to me. Finally, I hope this paper will be a worthwhile for the reader. I do realize that this paper is still far from being perfect. Therefore, I really welcome any constructive critics and suggestions toward this paper. I hope this paper will be a worthwhile for the reader. Medan, January 26th 2018 Tassa Annisa Reg. No. 130705118 Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRAK Judul dari skripsi ini adalah Hope as Reflected in Elif Shafak’s Novel The Forty Rules Of Love. Ditulis orang seorang novelis Turki yang mengajar di sebuah Universitas Arizona di US dan Istanbul. Novel ini diperkaya dengan nilai-nilai budaya dan moral. Secara keseluruhan, novel ini bercerita tentang harapan yang menuntun orang-orang kepada hidup yang lebih baik melalui cara ber-inovasi, mempunyai kesiapan diri yang baik, dan rasa percaya akan adanya suatu kekuatan Al- Qur’an (Tuhan). Banyaknya orang-orang yang tidak memiliki harapan, oleh sebab itu skripsi ini secara khusus bertujuan untuk mengingatkan bahwa harapan adalah sesuatu yang harus diperjuangkan. Melihat maraknya kasus bunuh diri, konsumsi narkoba, dan gaya hidup buruk yang disebabkan oleh hidup yang tanpa harapan, penulis berupaya menunjukkan bahwa harapan dibutuhkan oleh orang-orang untuk memperoleh kebahagiaan dan tujuan hidup melalui novel Elif Shafak’s Novel The Forty Rules Of Love. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah Kualitatif Deskriptif, dan teori yang digunakan adalah pendekatan struktural. Kata Kunci: Harapan, Tuhan, Kehidupan i Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRACT The title of this thesis is Hope as Reflected in Elif Shafak’s Novel The Forty Rules Of Love. Written by a Turkey novelist who teaches at the University of Arizona and divides her time between the US and Istanbul. This novel is enriched with cultural and moral value. Mostly, the novel talks about hope that leads people to a better life by being innovative, having a good self preparation and believing in Qur’an power (God). Because of many people all around the world are hopeless, this thesis is mainly aimed at remaining people that hope is something that must be defended. Seeing that there are so many suicidals, drugs consumptions and bad life styles causing by a hopeless life, the writer tries to show that hope is necessary for people to get happiness and goal in their life through Elif Shafak’s Novel The Forty Rules Of Love. The method used in writing this thesis is qualitative descriptive and the theory used in analyzing the novel is structural approach. Keywords: Hope, God, Life ii Universitas Sumatera Utara TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENT …………………………………………………….. ABSTRAK …………………………………………………………………..… i ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………………. ii TABLE OF CONTENT ……………………………………………………. iii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study .............................................................. 1 1.2 Problem of the Study ..................................................................11 1.3 Objective of the Study ................................................................11 1.4 Scope of the Study .....................................................................11 1.5 Significance of the Study ...........................................................12 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1.Structural Approach ....................................................................13 2.2. Novel .........................................................................................19 2.2.1. Intrinsic Elements of The Novel ..............................................20 2.3. General Description of Hope ......................................................30 iii Universitas Sumatera Utara CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE STUDY 3.1 Data Collecting Procedure ..........................................................33 3.2 Data Selecting Procedure ...........................................................34 3.3. Data Analyzing Procedure ..........................................................34 3.4. Conclusion and Suggestion .......................................................37 CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ..................................................... 38 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .......................................... 50 REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 52 APPENDICES …………………………………………………………………….. iv Universitas Sumatera Utara CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Many people in the world have different point of view about hope. Hope is a feeling of expectation and desire for certain thing to happen. It can be the way they live, their plans, or even their future. It is a motivation to someone who wants to raise after a big trouble in his life. It is deep inside of heart and it makes suggestion to everyone who believes it. According to Maslow, basically, all humans have basic needs. They are Physiological needs (hunger, thirst, and so on), security needs (feeling safe and protected, away from danger), esteem needs (achievement, competence, and gain support and recognition), Self-actualization needs (cognitive needs: to know, understand, and explore), aesthetic needs (harmony, order, and beauty), self- actualization needs (self-gratification and realizing their potential). These basic needs motivate people to have hope in their life and to fulfill those needs, people have to try, fight, and sometimes pray. Hope is necessary in every condition. The miseries of poverty, sickness and captivity would, without this comfort, be insupportable. (Johnson, 1750:67). Someone can lose hope when he has a really big trouble, struggle, and pressure. He may say that he has hope but actually, inside of his heart he is hopeless. Many people think that it is very hard to defend on hope for so many problems may arise. In this condition, not a few who then give up, no longer dared to 1 Universitas Sumatera Utara hope. Sometimes, hope it is not tangible or abstract, which is only found in the minds of each of us. Yet despite the abstract, hope is the fuel for the spirit of our lives. People who lose hope, then their spirit will slack off and of course it will affect in any activity that they do. People try and pray to make their hope realized. They have to fight the doubt inside them and reach what they are looking for. For some people, hope is never gone. Everyone has hope in their lives although sometimes they do not recognize it. When people wake up, dress up, make plan of the day, and do activities everyday, it means that they still have hope in their life. Their will to live is a hope. Hope follows as people live. When people fight for something, they are building hope for