Captions for INTSORMIL Four-Year Report (1 996-2000) Photo on front: Dr. Medson Chisi, INTSORMIL sorghum breeder from Zambia at the Workshop on Farmer Participation in Pearl Millet Breeding and Farmer-Based Seed Production Systems in Namibia, March 24-26, 1998. Dr. Chisi received his doctorate from Kansas State University and is presently a member of INTSORMIL's Technical Committee. Photo on back: A "master farmer" and her child at the InterCRSP workshop on weevil disinfestation and storage techniques near Tamale, Ghana on November 5, 1997. Her t-shirt serves as a means of visually identifying farmers who know the techniques and can teach them to others. This technology transfer workshop is part of the project, "Adaptive Research with InterCRSP Natural Resource Management Technologies for Regional Transfer in West Africa," a collaborative effort of two Collaborative Research Support Programs which developed the technologies - the BeanICowpea CRSP and INTSORMIL - in partnership with a non-governmental organization - World Vision International (WVI) - which transfers the technologies to farmers and farm families. The project makes technologies such as improved varieties of sorghum, pearl millet, and cowpeas, improved cultural practices, improved post-harvest seed processing and storage techniques available to farm families throughout Chad, Ghana, Mali, Niger, and Senegal. This innovative partnership in which WVI extends technologies developed by the two CRSPs to end users in several West African Countries is supported by the Africa Bureau of the U.S. Agency for International Development. INTSORMIL 2000 Annual Report Fighting Hunger with Research. .. A Team Effort Grain SorghumIPearl Millet Collaborative Research Support Program (CRSP) This publication was made possible through support provided by the U.S. Agency for International Development, under the terms of Grant No. LAG-G-00-96-90009-00. The opinions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Agency for International Development. INTSORMIL Publication 00-1 Report Coordinators John M. Yohe, Program Director Thomas Crawford, Jr., Associate Program Director Joan Frederick and Dorothy Stoner For additional information contact the INTSORMIL Management Entity at: INTSORMIL 113 Biochemistry Hall University of Nebraska Lincoln, Nebraska 68583.4748 Telephone (402) 472-6032 ******* Fax No. (402) 472-7978 E-Mail: [email protected] http:llwww.ianr.unl.edulintsormill A Research Development Program of the Agency for International Development, the Board for International Food and Agricultural Development (BIFAD), Participating Land-Grant Universities, Host Country Research Agencies and Private Donors INTSORMIL INSTITUTIONS USDAIARSITifton, Georgia University of Illinois, Urbana - Champaign Kansas State University Mississippi State University University of Nebraska - Lincoln Purdue University Texas A&M University INTSORMIL Institutions are affirmative actionlequal opportunity institutions. INTSORMIL Management Entity Dr. John M. Yohe, Program Director Dr. Thomas W. Crawford, Jr., Associate Program Director Ms. Joan Frederick, Administrative Technician Ms. Dorothy Stoner, Illustrator Ms. Kimberly Jones, Staff Secretary INTSORMIL Board of Directors Dr. Bobby Eddleman, Texas A&M University Dr. Bill Herndon, Jr., Mississippi State University Dr. Robert Hudgens, Kansas State University Dr. Harold Kaufman, University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign Dr. Darrell Nelson. University of Nebraska Dr. David Sammons, Purdue University INTSORMIL Technical Committee Dr. John Axtell, Purdue University Dr. Gebisa Ejeta, Purdue University Dr. Medson Chisi, Zambia Dr. Bruce Hamaker, Purdue University Dr. Stephen Mason, University of Nebraska Dr. Gary Peterson, Texas A&M University Dr. Henry Pitre, Mississippi State University Dr. John Sanders, Purdue University Dr. Aboubacar Toure, Mali Contents Introduction and Program Overview ..........................................vii 1999 Project Reports. ...................................................3 Sustainable Plant Protection Systems Agroecology and Biotechnology of Stalk Rot Pathogens of Sorghum and Millet - J.F. Leslie (KSU-210A). .................................................3 Agroecology and Biotechnology of Fungal Pathogens of Sorghum and Millet from the Greater Horn of Africa - L.E. Claflin (KSU-2 10B) .............................. 11 Low Input Ecologically Defined Management Strategies for Insect Pests on Sorghum - Henry N. Pitre (MSU-205). ...............................................18 Striga Biotechnology Development and Technology Transfer- Gebisa Ejeta (PRF-213) ............... 23 Disease Control Strategies for Sustainable Agricultural Systems - R.A. Frederiksen (TAM-224) ..............................................32 Insect Pest Management Strategies for Sustainable Sorghum Production - George L. Teetes (TAM-225 ) ..............................................36 Biological Control Tactics for Sustainable Production of Sorghum and Millet - Frank E. Gilstrap (TAM-225B) .............................................45 Development of Plant Disease Protection Systems for Millet and Sorghum in Semi-Arid Southern Africa - G.N. Odvody (TAM-228) ......................................49 Sustainable Production Systems Economic and Sustainability Evaluation of New Technologies in Sorghum and Millet Production in INTSORMIL Priority Countries - John H. Sanders (PRF-205) ..................... 63 Cropping Systems to Optimize Yield, Water and Nutrient Use Efficiency of Pearl Millet - Stephen C. Mason (UNL-2 13) ..............................................69 Nutrient Use Efficiency in sorghum and Pearl Millet - Jerry W. Maranville (UNL-2 14) ............... 78 Germplasm Enhancement and Conservation Breeding Pearl Millet with Improved Performance and Stability - Wayne W. Hanna (ARS-204) ...........87 Breeding Sorghum for Increased Nutritional Value - John D. Axtell (PRF-203) ....................89 Development and Enhancement of Sorghum Germplasm with Sustained Tolerance to Biotic and Abiotic Stress - Gebisa Ejeta (PRF-207). ..................................95 Germplasm Enhancement for Resistance to Pathogens and Drought and Increased Genetic Diversity -Damell T. Rosenow (TAM-222) .................................. 103 Germplasm Enhancement for Resistance to Insects and Improved Efficiency for Sustainable Agriculture Systems - Gary C. Peterson (TAM-223). .................................1 10 Breeding Pearl Millet and Sorghum for Stability of Performance Using Tropical Germplasm - David J. Andrews (UNL-2 18) .............................................1 18 Contents Crop Utilization and Marketing Chemical and Physical Aspects of Food and Nutritional Quality of Sorghum and Millet . Bruce R . Hamaker (Pl2F-2 12) .............................................129 Food and Nutritional Quality of Sorghum and Millet .L.W. Rooney (TAM-226) ..................141 Strategic Marketing of Sorghum and Pearl Millet Food Products in West and Southern Africa .Carl H . Nelson (UNC-205) ..........................................153 Host Country Program Enhancement Central America Regional Program .Gary C . Peterson ...............................157 Horn of Africa .Gebisa Ejeta ............................. Mali .Darrell Rosenow ................................ Niger .John D . Axtell and Issoufou Kapran ...................................... 183 Southern Africa Region (Botswana. Namibia. Zambia and Zimbabwe ) .David J . Andrews .............196 Training Introduction .......................................................211 Year 2 1 INTSORMIL Training Participants ......................................212 Introduction to Years 18- 19-20-21 Training ......................................213 Year 20 INTSORMIL Training Participants ......................................214 Year 19 INTSORMIL Training Participants ......................................215 Year 18 INTSORMIL Training Participants ......................................216 Appendices INTSORMIL Sponsored and Co-Sponsored Workshops 1979 .2000 .........................219 Acronyms .......................................................221 Introduction and Program Overview Presently, worldwide, more than 800 million people are stock, particularly poultry, in developed countries. Pearl hungry and over 1 billion are desperately poor, and food de- millet is an important cereal crop which provides food en- mand is increasing rapidly. The majority of poor live in rural ergy and other nutrients to hundreds of millions of people in areas in developing countries and agricultural and food sys- areas which currently suffer from malnutrition, particularly tems development is vital to economic growth, improving Africa and southern Asia. environmental quality; strengthening nutrition, health and child survival; improving the status of women; andpromot- In October, 1999, the International Food Policy Research ing democratization. It is estimated that by 2000, the num- Institute (IFPRI) noted that in both developed and develop- ber ofpeople living in developing countries will grow from ing countries, the rate of increase in cereal yields is slowing 4.9 billion to 6.8 billion people. More than 1.3 billion people from the days of the Green Revolution, partly due to re- today live on less than one dollar per day. It is estimated that duced use of inputs like fertilizer and partly due to low lev- the number of hungry people will exceed one billion by els of investment in agricultural