1 Supplementary Figures Figure S1: Map of sampling locations of all specimens included in the phylogenetic analyses. 1 ancestral states + leg ratio direction of microhabitat phylogenetic phylogenetic change and dependence on regression signal phylogenetic relatedness microhabitat significant correlation: phylogeny+ microhabitat leg ratio as a proxy for microhabitat to avoid to many MuSSE QuaSSE HiSSE are microhabitats missing data: related to diversification rates? BAMM are there different diversification regimes? Legend data phylogeny control: method MuSSE do diversification rates question biome depend on biome? Figure S2: Workflow and overview of diversification analyses. 2 OG1 Euagrus chisoseus OG2 Oecobius sp 9/9/23 OG9 Deinopis spinosa 22/20/52 OG4 Austrochilus sp OG27 Hyptiotes gertschi 75/89/100 20/25/86 OG12 Uloborus glomosus 48/50/84 OG13 Uroctea durandi OG37 Callobius sp 1/3/1888/93/100 OG26 Agelenopsis aperta OG30 Linyphia triangularis_A 25/35/85 56/73/92 OG29 Pimoa breuili 94/95/95 OG32 Pimoa sp 89/88/100 OG22 Erigone dentosa 59/48/74 OG11 Leucauge venusta_B 92/89/82 OG31 Tetragnatha versicolor_A 30/32/84 OG18 Herennia multipuncta 100/100/100 OG8 Nephila clavipes_A 94/94/97 OG33 Zygiella x−notata 57/64/49 OG7 Araneus diadematus 100/100/100 OG34 Argiope argentata OG24 Kukulcania hibernalis OG35 Diguetia sp 40/38/292/2/32 OG25 Segestria bavarica 99/99/100 OG6 Ariadna fidicina 55/59/97 OG3 Rhode scutiventris 73/80/22 OG10 Harpactea hombergi 97/97/100 OG36 Harpactocrates radulifer 84/88/96 OG19 Dysderocrates silvestris 60/68/73 OG20 Dysdera erythrina−fervida OG21 Sicarius terrosus 89/96/100 OG17 Loxosceles laeta OG15 Plectreurys tristis CH47 Artema nephilit Isr35 S312 Artema bunkpurugu Gha140 100/100/100 91/92/90 BB01 Artema atlanta G080=BB01 100/100/100 JA119 Artema atlanta G101 97/97/39 S326 Artema doriai Isr40 Artema 97/99/99 19/24/74 S332 Artema transcaspica Mar60 93/96/98 S497 Artema Om14 Om33 94/94/16 S287 Artema sp.C Siyam1 100/100/100 63/69/91 S235 Artema sp.C SMF423 S059 Gertschiola macrostyla Mich11 100/100/100 S434 Gertschiola macrostyla MACN272 58/73/83 S061 Nerudia Mich20 Mich20 29/30/17 S329 Gen.n. Br15−159 Br15−266 95/95/96 BB16 Ninetis subtilissima G093=BB16 58/72/51 97/100/100 S501 Gen.n. Om6 Om29 JA83 Gen.n. Ven01 Ven01 99/100/100 S358 Gen.n. MACN273 MACN265 94/93/49 S328 Kambiwa neotropica Br15−267 Ninetinae 0/0/38 S443 Ibotyporanga Br16−149 Br16−303 99/100/100 JA123 Ibotyporanga naideae G117 25/38/80 0/3/90 S347 Guaranita yaculica? MACN271 JA46 Pholcophora americana G092 3/4/14 100/100/100 JA45 Pholcophora americana G089 100/100/100 S298 Pholcophora? Car544 Car544 90/94/94 S011 Papiamenta MRAC639 MRAC640 94/92/21 S323 Gen. Cu12−325 Cu12−325 CH05 Priscula Ven02/80−85 Ven24 33/43/98 S476 Priscula venezuelana Ven28 Priscula 67/70/74 JA80 Priscula Astr07 Astr07=J245/246 98/99/97 JA114 Priscula binghamae Astr06=J253 S006 Gen.n. Geneve59 MRAC642 73/81/96 Geneve59 + Chisosa S430 Chisosa diluta USA20 S348 Holocneminus huangdi Ind141 23/24/93 ‘Holocneminus’ huangdi + Nita 32/49/97 P0234 Nita elsaff G118 BB21 Physocyclus globosus G075=BB21 100/100/100 JA70 Physocyclus franckei G097 25/34/82 100/100/96 S474 Physocyclus enaulus USA21 Physocyclus 100/100/99 30/48/90 JA71 Physocyclus dugesi G071 S381 Wugigarra? Ind107 Ind201 99/100/97 13/16/89 S496 Wugigarra? Ind96 Ind196 100/100/100 S382 Wugigarra? Ind82 Ind184 ‘Wugigarra‘ Indonesia 100/100/100 S495 Wugigarra? Ind117 Ind209 20/38/92 S303 Trichocyclus cf warianga Harms05 68/81/98 100/100/100 S302 Trichocyclus balladong Harms01 Trichocyclus 15/18/77 BB32 Trichocyclus cf balladong G079=BB32 S293 Wugigarra kalamai Harms02 18/19/71 39/56/90 S233 Wugigarra QMB5 QMB5 ('QMB22') 96/95/90 S232 Wugigarra yawai QMB2 ('QMB26') Wugigarra Australia 24/30/82 37/27/64 P0251 Wugigarra undanbi QMB4 ('QMB23') 19/25/93 S016 Holocneminus Phi105 Phi245 40/46/86 S254 Holocneminus multiguttatus Mal295 100/100/99 S253 Holocneminus multiguttatus Mal223 100/100/100 Holocneminus exc. huangdi S068 Holocneminus Phi9 Phi192 11/17/90 S486 Holocneminus Ind73 Ind179 20/23/41 S078 Holocneminus Phi74 Phi229 S464 Gen.n. Br16−44 Br16−252 100/100/100 MACN270 + Br16−44 S357 Gen.n. MACN270 MACN270 S433 Gen.n. Br16−178 Br16−315 99/100/100 Br16−50 + Br16−178 S432 Gen.n. Br16−50 Br16−253 S494 Tupigea Br10−32 Br10−89 P0218 Tupigea maza Br09−102 100/98/100 99/99/99 P0214 Tupigea nadleri Br10−69 97/99/98 16/25/87 53/50/94 S377 Tupigea penedo Br07/100−14 CH45 Tupigea angelim Br03/100−03 11/15/4 JA13 Tupigea cantareira Br03/100−13 Tupigea 58/47/69 S385 Tupigea teresopolis? Br07/100−42 52/61/54 GB30 Tupigea paula Br14−185 30/51/82 S409 Tupigea Br14−47 Br14−162 53/65/50 55/61/5 S411 Tupigea Br10−40 Br10−80 94/95/98 S384 Tupigea ale Br07/100−17 Figure S3 (a). Caption on page 9. 3 S409 Tupigea Br14 47 Br14 162 53/65/50 55/61/5 S411 Tupigea Br10−40 Br10−80 94/95/98 S384 Tupigea ale Br07/100−17 S060 Chibchea mapuche? Mich17 100/100/100 S058 Chibchea picunche? Mich10 Chibchea 22/20/75 S431 Gen.n. Br16−196 Br16−322 Br16−196 97/99/99 S353 Gen.n. Br15−45 Br15−206 Br15−45 87/88/95 S475 Pisaboa silvae Br16−325 100/100/93 Waunana + Pisaboa S304 Waunana modesta? Car259 BB03 Ciboneya antraia G020=BB03 99/99/100 S313 Ciboneya nuriae Cu12−029 Ciboneya Ixc39 Ixchela taxco Ara0273 78/70/50 25/25/75 10/13/95 Ixc29 Ixchela abernathyi Ara0238 100/100/100 Ixchela Ixc51 Ixchela santibanezi Ara0309 43/51/0 9/8/79 Ixc56 Ixchela viquezi Ara0319 S289 'Coryssocnemis' iviei G135 ‘Coryssocnemis’ Centr. Amer. 15/15/15 BB23 Psilochorus simoni G018=BB23 83/97/99 S477 Psilochorus concolor USA29 100/100/100 Psilochorus 69/82/99 CH49 Psilochorus imitatus chimera 98/100/95 S478 Psilochorus pallidulus USA25 18/9/95 CH09 Psilochorus SA itaguyrussu G011=BB12 98/98/95 S032 Psilochorus SA Br11−40 Br11−162 Psilochorus South Amer. 100/100/100 37/27/93 P0210 Psilochorus SA Br10−36 Br10−85 JA134 Tainonia visite Hai65 100/100/100 S480 Tainonia serripes DR/100−06 Tainona 100/100/92 JA131 Tainonia samana DR/100−32 S310 Anopsicus Car206 Car206 3/5/14 67/82/37 S356 Modisimus cavaticus PuR066 100/100/100 S231 Modisimus signatus PuR044 NF3 Modisimus cuadro DR/100−03 49/54/87 38/33/97 NF9 Modisimus kiskeya DR/100−09 98/99/99 10/7/86 NF1 Modisimus toma DR/100−01 77/90/99 S413 Anopsicus USA3 USA34 69/75/84 NF13 Modisimus cienaga DR/100−13 72/77/97 IA01 Modisimus culicinus Cu12−065 100/100/100 NF43 Modisimus culicinus DR/100−43 NF41 Modisimus vittatus DR/100−41 83/95/100 45/43/95 NF37 Modisimus makandal DR/100−37 33/34/91 P0228 Modisimus G106 G106 41/45/0 S113 Modisimus pavidus Cu12−241 33/35/56 IA05 Modisimus elongatus Cu12−188 28/41/17 CH07 Modisimus Cu12−11 Cu12−177 2/1/32 IA04 Modisimus Cu12−136 Cu12−265 NF24 Modisimus miri DR/100−24 Modisimus + Anopsicus + Platnicknia 100/100/100 NF53 Modisimus paraiso Hai98 34/47/91 NF64 Modisimus palvet Hai64 34/41/85 4/2/86 92/93/97 NF69 Modisimus berac Hai69 CH08 Platnicknia incerta Cu12−245 97/99/81 S374 Platnicknia Cu12−99 Cu12−208 99/98/99 S372 Platnicknia Cu12−100 Cu12−295 19/16/78 77/78/71 S373 Platnicknia Cu12−61 Cu12−201 73/75/91 S115 Platnicknia Cu12−2 Cu12−306 NF89 Modisimus mango Hai89 88/93/98 S309 Anopsicus Car127 Car127 NF80 Modisimus epepye Hai80 27/24/65100/100/99 NF66 Modisimus fuscus Hai66 14/9/36 16/23/69 IA02 Modisimus macaya Hai77 NF101 Modisimus enriquillo Hai101 88/95/98 93/92/94 NF68 Modisimus tiburon Hai68 79/80/92 NF87 Modisimus leprete Hai87 100/100/99 NF71 Modisimus roumaini Hai71 94/96/93 NF81 Modisimus seguin Hai81 S021 Otavaloa piro? Astr17=J213 100/100/100 S320 Otavaloa cf angotero Mich33 100/100/95 S465 Otavaloa lisei Br16−326 CH03 Mesabolivar yuruani Ven53 JA93 Mesabolivar eberhardi Ven35 100/100/100 JA34 Mesabolivar eberhardi Ven05 96/94/91 97/99/100 BB09a Mesabolivar aurantiacus G001=BB09 44/50/64 S454 Mesabolivar huambisa? Br16−226a 100/100/100 80/88/100 S453 Mesabolivar Br16−60 Br16−258 75/78/0 27/18/37 S451 Mesabolivar Br16−138 Br16−301 S351 Litoporus Br15−107 Br15−237 100/100/100 P0212 Litoporus iguassuensis Br10−87 100/100/100 P0213 Litoporus iguassuensis Br10−72 100/100/100 S447 Litoporus manu Br16−292 28/27/58 S446 Litoporus dimona Br16−336 93/96/99 S444 Litoporus Br16−153 Br16−305 31/26/24 44/36/90 S445 Litoporus Br16−62 Br16−264 JA52 Mesabolivar cyaneomaculatus Br03/100−21 68/78/94 JA54 Mesabolivar togatus Br03/100−29 24/29/34 S387 Mesabolivar kathrinae Br15−198 94/94/98 S388 Mesabolivar azureus Br09−105 99/99/97 BB10 Mesabolivar brasiliensis G002=BB10 GB11 Mesabolivar sai Br09−114 Otavaloa + Mesabolivar + Teuia + Litoporus 21/16/88 JA29 Mesabolivar tamoio Br03/100−05 75/80/100 BB11 Mesabolivar cyaneotaeniatus G003=BB11 100/100/100 62/63/99 JA57 Mesabolivar cyaneotaeniatus Br03/100−32 38/51/79 GB10 Mesabolivar pau Br11−153 99/99/100 GB09 Mesabolivar bonita Br11−164 86/74/20 29/30/94 S487 Mesabolivar Br11−10 Br11−126 S397 Mesabolivar spinulosus Br15−260 77/86/100 18/22/82 S452 Mesabolivar Br16−32 Br16−244 12/16/8838/41/90 S395 Mesabolivar charrua Br14−182 68/67/90 S389 Mesabolivar Br14−4 Br14−138 22/23/86 P0217 Mesabolivar unicornis Br03/100−24 JA10 Mesabolivar cavicelatus Br03/100−04 44/46/93 S391 Mesabolivar Br14−30 Br14−150 19/19/0 80/81/95 P0215 Mesabolivar itapoa Br10−63 56/64/78 S396 Mesabolivar huberi Br14−156 64/73/94 26/24/80 S390 Mesabolivar Br14−26 Br14−146 S305 Mesabolivar Br14−55 Br14−164 61/62/97 S350 Mesabolivar Br14−25 Br14−145 Figure S3 (b).