RICHARD H. MCLAREN, O.C. INDEPENDENT PERSON WADA INVESTIGATION OF SOCHI ALLEGATIONS 9 December 2016 Via Email: [email protected] to be forwarded President Sir Craig Reedie World Anti-Doping Agency Stock Exchange Tower 800 Place Victoria (Suite 1700) Montréal, QC H4Z 1B7 Re: Report to the President of WADA by the Independent Person Dear President Reedie: I, as the Independent Person, have completed the enclosed Report, dated 9 December 2016, which is submitted to you pursuant to the Terms of Reference that established the Independent Investigation. This Report fulfills the mandate of the Independent Person. I appreciate having had the opportunity to be of service. Yours truly, Richard H. McLaren IP in Sochi Investigation [email protected] THE INDEPENDENT PERSON 2nd REPORT Professor Richard H. McLaren, O.C. 9 December 2016 Table of Contents Glossary ........................................................................................................................... iv Chapter 1: Executive Summary of 2nd IP Report ....................................................... 1 Key Highlights of 2nd Report ................................................................................................. 1 Institutionalised Doping Conspiracy and Cover Up ....................................................... 1 The Athlete Part of Conspiracy and Cover Up ................................................................. 2 London Summer Olympic Games ...................................................................................... 2 IAAF Moscow World Championships .............................................................................. 3 Sochi Winter Olympic Games ............................................................................................. 3 1.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Appointment of the IP ....................................................................................................... 5 1.3 1st Report Key Findings ..................................................................................................... 6 1.4 Constraints of the 1st Report ............................................................................................. 7 1.4.1 Response to 1st Report Findings ................................................................................. 7 1.5 Completion of the IP’s Mandate ..................................................................................... 9 1.6 IP Investigative Method .................................................................................................. 10 1.7 Chronology of Events ...................................................................................................... 16 1.8 Highlights .......................................................................................................................... 18 Chapter 2: Athletes Benefiting from Manipulations and Concealment of Positive Tests ...................................................................................................................................... 18 Chapter 3: The Moscow Laboratory and the Disappearing Positive Methodology (“DPM”) ............................................................................................................................... 21 Chapter 4: The Olympic Games Year and London 2012 ............................................... 23 Chapter 5: IAAF Moscow World Championships and Events of 2013 ....................... 25 Chapter 6: Sochi 2014 The XXII Olympic Winter Games .............................................. 27 Chapter 7: Samples Swapping After Sochi ..................................................................... 29 1.9 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 30 Chapter 2: Athletes Benefiting from Manipulations Concealing Positive Doping Tests .................................................................................................................. 32 Chapter 2 Highlights ............................................................................................................. 32 2.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 35 2.2 Individual Russian Athletes .......................................................................................... 35 2.3 Potential Violations of Code Article 2.2 ...................................................................... 36 2.3.1 Contextual Evidence .................................................................................................. 37 2.3.2 ITP Screen of the Moscow Laboratory Indicating Possible Prohibited Substances (DPM) ............................................................................................................... 41 2.3.3 Forensic Evidence ...................................................................................................... 44 2.3.4 Additional Evidence of Doping and Doping Cover-Up Related to Individual Athletes Provided by Dr. Rodchenkov. ........................................................................... 45 2.4 Potential Violations of Code Article 2.5. ..................................................................... 46 2.5 Potential Violations of Code Article 2.8/2.9 ................................................................ 46 2.6 Potential Violations of Code Article 2.1 ...................................................................... 47 i Chapter 3: The Moscow Laboratory & the Disappearing Positive Methodology (“DPM”) .......................................................................................................................... 49 Chapter 3 Highlights ............................................................................................................. 49 3.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 49 3.2 The IP’s Findings on the Moscow Laboratory and the DPM .................................. 52 3.3 DPM Communication Methods .................................................................................... 53 3.4 DPM Investigative Results ............................................................................................. 57 3.5 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 59 Chapter 4: The Olympic Games Year and London 2012 ........................................ 60 Chapter 4 Highlights ............................................................................................................. 60 4.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 61 4.2 The Lay of the Land in Russia 2012 .............................................................................. 63 4.3 Incident: WADA Directed Testing of “67 Samples” ................................................. 65 4.4 Reaction: Russian Response as a result of WADA Testing Incident ..................... 70 4.5 The Bereg Kit Washout Technique: London 2012 .................................................... 71 4.5.1 Weakness of Bereg kit Washout Testing ................................................................ 72 4.6 The XXX Olympiad: London 2012 ................................................................................. 73 4.6.1 London 2012 Retesting Results and IP Intelligence given to the IOC ................ 74 4.7 Athlete Case Study ........................................................................................................... 77 4.8 Summary of Findings ...................................................................................................... 77 Chapter 5: Moscow Championships and Events of 2013 ....................................... 79 Chapter 5 Highlights ............................................................................................................. 79 5.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 80 5.2 Eliminating the Identified Vulnerabilities in the Doping Cover up and Manipulation Conspiracy ..................................................................................................... 82 5.2.1. Sample Swapping ..................................................................................................... 82 5.2.2 “Under the Table” Washout Testing ....................................................................... 84 5.3 Universiade Games: Trial Run on Sample Swapping .............................................. 85 5.4 2013 Moscow IAAF World Championships (“Moscow Championships”) ........... 88 5.5 Corruption Related to Positive Doping Results ......................................................... 89 5.6 Washout Prior to Moscow Championships ................................................................ 91 5.7 Sample Swapping at the Moscow Championships ................................................... 92 Chapter 6: Sochi 2014 The XXII Olympic Winter Games ...................................... 93 Chapter 6 Highlights ............................................................................................................. 93 6.1