THE POWEROFPEOPLE THE POWER OF PEOPLE BUILDING AN INTEGRATED NATIONAL SECURITY SECURITY NATIONAL AN INTEGRATED BUILDING PROFESSIONAL SYSTEM FOR THE 21ST CENTURY THE 21ST SYSTEMFOR PROFESSIONAL BUILDING AN INTEGRATED NATIONAL SECURITY PROFESSIONAL SYSTEM FOR THE 21ST CENTURY November 2010 This is an independent study, required by Section 1054 of Public Law 111-84-84, and it does not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Government. THE POWER OF PEOPLE: BUILDING AN INTEGRATED NATIONAL SECURITY PROFESSIONAL ST SYSTEM FOR THE 21 CENTURY November 2010 II About the Project on National Security Reform The transpartisan Project on National Security Reform (PNSR) was established to assist the nation in an urgently needed transformation of the national security system. PNSR has differentiated itself in many ways, especially by its vision for a future national security system, from numerous prior efforts that sought to rethink national security for the 21st century. PNSR envisions a collaborative, agile, and innovative system that integrates all elements of national power – both vertically and horizontally – and successfully addresses security challenges based on timely, informed decisions and decisive action. PNSR has developed a network that touches the broad spectrum of public and private-sector partners and participants that are critical to traditional and nontraditional security threats and opportunities. Whereas the first phase of PNSR’s work focused on identifying problems and developing recommendations, it subsequently has focused on development of tools for actual implementation and applying its holistic principles for long-term reform to many of today’s challenges. This unique focus has provided a deeper understanding of the challenges. The project is led by James R. Locher III, a principal architect of the Goldwater-Nichols Act that modernized the joint military system. PNSR’s Guiding Coalition, comprised of distinguished Americans with extensive service in the public and private sectors, sets strategic direction for the project. PNSR works closely with other nonprofit organizations, universities, industry, and private foundations. III IV James R. Locher, III President and CEO, Project on National Security Reform Norman R. Augustine Retired Chairman and CEO, Lockheed Martin Corporation Joel Bagnal Former Deputy Assistant to the President for Homeland Security November 15, 2010 Gen. Charles G. Boyd President and CEO, Business President Barack Obama Executives for National Security The White House LTG Daniel Christman Washington, D.C. 20500 Senior Vice President for International Affairs, U.S. Chamber of Commerce Dear Mr. President: Gen. Wesley Clark Former Supreme Allied Commander, Section 1054 of the FY2010 National Defense Authorization Act mandated an Europe independent study to assess the career development and management of Ruth A. David interagency national security professionals. This letter forwards the required President and CEO, Analytic Services Inc. report, prepared by the Project on National Security Reform, a transpaartisan, nonprofit organization dedicated to transforming the national security system for Leon Fuerth Project on Forward Engagement, George the 21st century. Washington University Adm. Edmund P. Giambastiani Jr. Key attributes of a transformed national security system include a holistic Former Vice Chairman, approach based upon a broadened definition of national security, effective Joint Chiefs of Staff strategic management and foresight, integration of all instruments of national Newt Gingrich Former Speaker, power, flexible and adaptive structures and decision-making processes, and U.S. House of Representatives effective sharing of knowledge and intellectual capital. An additional and essential Adm. James M. Loy component of this envisioned system is a workforce with a unified culture and Former Deputy Secretary of Homeland skills for integrating the expertise and capabilities of all mission partners. This Security component is foundational, because unleashing the full potential of national Jessica Tuchman Mathews security professionals would transform the entire system and overcome its President, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace crippling deficiencies. Mike McConnell Former Director of National Intelligence This study includes a comprehensive analysis of existing interagency programs for national security professionals. It recommends solutions for existing John McLaughlin Former Deputy Director, weaknesses and an integrated human capital system for national security Central Intelligence Agency professionals to be built in stages. John Nagl President, The excellent study team benefited from the insights of thirteen federal Center for a New American Security departments and agencies and numerous state and local officials, as well as advice James A. Nussle Former Director, Office of Management from distinguished experts. and Budget Joseph S. Nye, Jr. PNSR is proud to present this report as a significant step towards legislative and University Distinguished Service executive action on the urgent need to improve an outdated national security Professor, Harvard Kennedy School system. Thomas R. Pickering Former Permanent Representative to the United Nations Respectfully, Brent Scowcroft President and Founder, The Scowcroft Group Jeffrey H. Smith Partner, Arnold and Porter James R. Locher III Kenneth R. Weinstein President and CEO Chief Executive Officer, Hudson Institute Gen. Anthony Zinni Former Commander, U.S. Central Command VI PROJECT TEAM Study Leadership Team Nancy Bearg Study Director Myra Howze Shiplett Substantive Lead Kurt Krausse Deputy Director TEAM LEADERS Ken Hunter Jack LeCuyer John Morton Myra Howze Shiplett Wally Walters Rahul Gupta TEAM MEMBERS Bob Blitzer Senior Analyst Lisa Connor Research Analyst Sharon Czarnek Project Assistant Priscilla Enner Research Analyst Rahul Gupta Integration Advisor Daniel R. Langberg Senior Analyst James R. Locher, III Integration Advisor Cezar A. B. Lopez Research Analyst Julia Mensah Research Analyst Nate Olson Research Analyst Dennis Schrader Senior Analyst Karen Stallings Research Analyst Ed Stephenson Senior Analyst Rei Tang Research Analyst Richard Weitz Senior Analyst PROJECT MANAGEMENT Don Ward Justin Adams Jonathan Lee VII VIII ADVISORS Advisors Pamela Aall Vice President for Domestic Programs, Education and Training Center, and Provost, Academy for International Conflict Management and Peacebuilding, U.S. Institute of Peace Dan Blair Commissioner of the Postal Regulatory Commission, Former Chairman of the Postal Regulatory Commission; former Deputy Director of OPM Thomas Bossert Founder Civil Defense Solutions; former Deputy Homeland Security Advisor to the President David Chu President, IDA; former Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness James Dobbins Director, International Security and Defense Policy Center, RAND; former Assistant Secretary of State for Europe, Special Assistant to the President, Special Adviser to the President and Secretary of State for the Balkans, and Ambassador to the European Community Cathy Downes Professor of Information Management, I-College, National Defense University William Eggers Global Director for Deloitte Research and Executive Director of Deloitte’s Public Leadership Institute; former Director of Government Reform at the Reason Public Policy Institute Lisa Gordon-Hagerty President of LEG Inc.; Former Director, Weapons of Mass Destruction Preparedness, National Security Council Anne Khademian Program Director, Center for Public Administration and Policy at Virginia Tech IX ADVISORS Larry Korb Senior Fellow, Center for American Progress; adjunct professor at Georgetown University Center; former Assistant Secretary of Defense for Manpower, Reserve Affairs, Installations, and Logistics John M. "Mike" McConnell Senior Vice President, Booz Allen; former Director of National Intelligence; former Director of the National Security Agency Hannah Sistare President & CEO, Policy Implementation Consulting; former Vice President Academy Affairs, National Academy of Public Administration; former Executive Director National Commission on the Public Service (Volcker Commission) at The Brookings Institution Bob Stephan Managing Director, Global Risk Management, Dutko Worldwide; former Assistant Secretary for Infrastructure Protection, Department of Homeland Security Fran Townsend Former Homeland Security Advisor to the President; former Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy National Security Advisor for Combating Terrorism Craig Vanderwagen, MD, Senior Partner, Martin Blanck and Associates; former RADM – USPS (Ret.) Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Department of Health and Human Services James Wolbarsht President and CEO of DEFCON, Inc.; former Engagement Managing Director for Executive Office of the President and White House Information Technology Planning Juan Zarate Senior Advisor, Center for Strategic and International Studies; former Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy National Security Advisor for Combating Terrorism PNSR is grateful for the excellent advice of experts we consulted as the study was being developed. Many of their suggestions have been incorporated. X ADVISORS XI ADVISORS XII PREFACE Preface Human capital is foundational to our national security. Our people will continue to be our most important asset as we confront the evolving and complex 21st century national security environment. PNSR has extensive experience in analyzing