PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/140838 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2017-12-05 and may be subject to change. AUDIBLE PUNCTUATION Performative Pause in Homeric Prosody Audible Punctuation: Performative Pause in Homeric Prosody Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen op gezag van de rector magnificus prof. dr. Th.L.M. Engelen, volgens besluit van het college van decanen in het openbaar te verdedigen op donderdag 21 mei 2015 om 14.30 uur precies door Ronald Blankenborg geboren op 23 maart 1971 te Eibergen Promotoren: Prof. dr. A.P.M.H. Lardinois Prof. dr. J.B. Lidov (City University New York, Verenigde Staten) Manuscriptcommissie: Prof. dr. M.G.M. van der Poel Prof. dr. E.J. Bakker (Yale University, Verenigde Staten) Prof. dr. M. Janse (Universiteit Gent, België) Copyright©Ronald Blankenborg 2015 ISBN 978-90-823119-1-4 [email protected] [email protected] All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the author. Printed by Maarse Printing Cover by Gijs de Reus Audible Punctuation: Performative Pause in Homeric Prosody Doctoral Thesis to obtain the degree of doctor from Radboud University Nijmegen on the authority of the Rector Magnificus prof. dr. Th.L.M. Engelen, according to the decision of the Council of Deans to be defended in public on Thursday, May 21, 2015 at 14.30 hours by Ronald Blankenborg Born on March 23, 1971 in Eibergen (The Netherlands) Supervisors: Prof. dr. A.P.M.H. Lardinois Prof. dr. J.B. Lidov (City University New York, United States) Doctoral Thesis Committee: Prof. dr. M.G.M. van der Poel Prof. dr. E.J. Bakker (Yale University, United States) Prof. dr. M. Janse (Ghent University, Belgium) AUDIBLE PUNCTUATION PERFORMATIVE PAUSE IN HOMERIC PROSODY RONALD BLANKENBORG 2015 1 2 CONTENTS Acknowledgements . 7 Introduction: Pause in Homer . 9 1 Pause on the level of metrics . 10 2 Pause on the level of rhythmics . 11 3 Pause on the level of syntax . 13 4 Pause on the level of phonology . 16 5 Pause on the level of phonetics . 18 Aim of the study: the reconstruction of performative pause . 21 Organisation of the study . 22 Outcome of the study: phrases in composition and performance terminate differently . 23 Evidence from text? – the status of a written Iliad and Odyssey . 24 Glossary . 27 1 Pause in Metrics and Rhythmics . 45 1.0 Introduction . 45 1.1 Pause in prosody . 46 1.1.1 Meter . 46 Scansion . 46 Footing . 47 Colometry . 51 1.1.2 Tone . 56 1.1.3 Weight . 57 Weight and duration . 57 Weight as equivalent of sonority . 61 1.2 Rhythm . 61 Thesis recurrence . 62 Colon recurrence . 63 Rhythmical word type recurrence . 63 Timing mechanism of speech . 65 From pause in prosody to pause in performance. 69 3 2 Pause in Syntax and Sense . 71 2.0 Introduction . 71 2.1 Pause in loose syntax . 72 2.2 Pause in special speech . 76 2.3 Pause in syntactical movement . 82 2.4 Pause in out-of-line composition . 84 Enjambment . 85 Classification of enjambment-types . 87 Acknowledgement of out-of-line composition . 90 Affective prosody? . 92 3 Pause in Phonology and Phonetics . 93 3.0 Introduction . 93 Audible phenomena in a dead language? . 93 3.1 Pause in phonology . 95 3.1.1 Metrical syllabification . 96 3.1.2 Apposition . 98 3.1.3 Coherence and pause in larger phonological domains . 99 3.1.3 .1 Vowel coalescence in larger domains . 100 Elision . 100 Hiatus . 102 3.1.3 .2 Lengthening, prolongation and subordination in larger domains . 102 Lengthening . 103 Prolongation . 105 Subordination . 106 3.1.3 .3 Bridges . 107 3.1.4 Pause in phonological phrases . 108 3.2 Pause in phonetics . 113 3.2.1 The phonetics of pause . 114 Phonetics from phonology . 114 No room for syntactic considerations . 115 3.2.2 Frequent word end and pause . 116 3.2.3 The phonetics of termination. 118 Termination . 118 Lengthening . 119 Conclusion and consequences . 121 4 4 Possible Pause in Performance . 123 4.0 Introduction . 123 4.1 Performance and pause . 124 4.1.1 Poetry recited . 126 4.1.2 Song . 128 4.2 Performance and the phonetics of pause . 129 4.2.1 Phonological perspectives of phonetic pause in performance 131 4.2.2 Phonological restrictions on phonetic pause in performance . 136 4.2.3 Metrical perspectives of phonetic pause in performance . 140 4.2.4 Metrical restrictions on phonetic pause in performance . 144 4.2.5 Two types of sandhi-free word end – two types of phonetic pause . 145 5 Performative Pause . 149 5.0 Introduction . 149 5.1 Performative pause . 149 5.1.1 Options for performative pause . 151 5.1.2 Options at position 2 (στίχος λαγαρός)? . 153 5.1.3 Options at position 8 (under Wernicke’s Law)? . 155 5.1.4 Options at verse end . 161 Option 1: Metarrhythmisis due to a verse-final heavy syllable . 162 Option 2: Subordination due to spondaic closure . 163 Option 3: Metarrhythmisis despite a verse-final light syllable? . 165 Conclusion . 167 5.1.5 Options at secondary word end . 169 5.1.6 Options and choice . 171 5.2 Performative pause as audible punctuation . ..